A Brief History of
1. The ball could be thrown in any direction with one hand or both hands.
Basketball
Origin & Invention of Basketball
Basketball began in 1891, it was invented by James
Naismith, as being a less injury-prone sport than
football.
At the request of his superior, he was tasked with
creating an indoor sport that would help athletes to stay
in shape during the cold weather. It originally consisted
of peach baskets and a soccer-type ball.
The objective of his creation was to throw the basketball
into the fruit baskets that were nailed to the lower railing
of the gym’s balcony. Each time a point would be scored,
the game had to be paused so that the janitor could get
the ladder to retrieve the ball. After some time, they
finally removed the bottoms of the fruit baskets, having
to retrieve the ball after each score was far from
practical.
The Original Rules of Basketball
2. The ball could also be battled in any direction by one hand or with both
hands.
3. Players could not run with the ball, and they must throw it from the spot on
which it is caught. Although there were loopholes around when a player is
running at a good speed when they catch it.
4. The ball had to be held in the hands, arms or body could not be used to hold
the ball.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking opponents allowed. The
first infringement of this rule counts as a foul, and the second disqualifies the
player until the next goal, or if it is evident that there was no intent to cause
harm.
6. A foul is striking the ball with the fist.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, then this is counted as a goal for
opponents.
8. A goal is made when the ball is thrown or battled from the ground and into
the basket and stays there. If the ball rests on the edge, and if opponents
move the basket, this also counts as a goal.
9. Should the ball go out of bounds, then it shall be thrown into the field and
played by the first person to touch it. The person who throws it in is allowed
five seconds to do so, if they hold it any longer it goes to the opponent.
10. Umpires shall be the judge of men and will note fouls and notify the referee
when three consecutive fouls have been made.
11. The referee judges the ball and decides when the ball is in play, in-bounds
and to which side it belongs. They also keep the time and divide when a goal
has been made and keep account of these.
12. The time is fifteen-minute halves, with a five-minute rest between.
13. The side making the most goals in the time aforementioned will be the winner.
In the case of a draw, the game may be continued until another goal is made.
 Volleyball History
Invention of the Game
In 1895, William Morgan, the new physical
director at the Holyoke YMCA, needed an
alternative to basketball that was too strenuous
for local businessmen. He proposed Volley Ball,
a sport with a strong athletic impulse but no
physical contact. Morgan borrowed elements
from basketball, tennis, handball, and
baseball, such as the ball, tennis net, and
innings. He shared his new game with Dr. Alfred
Halstead, a professor at the YMCA Training
School, and it was referred to as "Mintonette."
Despite its incompleteness, Volley Ball gained
an audience at the YMCA Physical Director's
Conference in Springfield, Massachusetts on
July 7, 1896. Morgan took two teams, led by
Mayor James J. Curran and Chief of the Fire
Department John Lynch, to demonstrate the
game. Morgan handed the game over to the
YMCA for use as needed.
Worldwide Growth
The YMCA's physical education directors, influenced
by Springfield College and George Williams College,
adopted volleyball in various societies throughout the
United States, Canada, and other countries. By 1913,
volleyball was included in the Far-Eastern Games in
Manila, and the game was played in Asia according to
the "Brown" rules. In 1916, Robert C. Cubbon
estimated that the number of players in the United
States reached 200,000 people, divided into YMCA
(boys, young men, and older men), YWCA (girls and
women), schools (boys and girls), and colleges
(young men). The YMCA also influenced the National
Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to publish its
rules and articles, contributing to the rapid growth of
volleyball among young college students. Volleyball
became more competitive with high physical and
technical performance, with national championships
played in many countries, such as Eastern Europe.
Volleyball's growth was largely driven by the YMCA's
influence and the influence of professional schools of
physical education.
 Badminton History
badminton
Badminton is a court or lawn game played with
lightweight rackets and a shuttlecock, a small cork
hemisphere with 16 goose feathers attached. The
game is named after the country estate of the dukes
of Beaufort in Gloucestershire, England, where it was
first played around 1873. Its roots can be traced to
ancient Greece, China, and India, and are closely
related to the old children's game battledore and
shuttlecock. Badminton is derived from poona,
played by British army officers in India in the 1860s.
The first unofficial all-England badminton
championships for men were held in 1899, and the
first badminton tournament for women was arranged
the following year.
Badminton Rules
The rules of badminton have evolved over time, with a
significant change in 2001 to a rally point system,
allowing players to score points up to 21 points. In
1983, a rule was introduced allowing players to serve
overhead, but it was changed again in 2006. Most
modern players prefer a short backhand or high-toss
serve, with the shuttlecock below the server's waist. In
2014, the hawk-eye system was introduced, allowing
players to challenge line judges' decisions through
video review. Rules have also been added to
equipment, clothing, and the course surface, which
now features a synthetic mat specifically designed for
badminton.
BASKETBALL
HISTORY
Origin & Invention
James Naismith created basketball in 1891 with
the idea that it would be less prone to injuries
than football.
He was given the assignment to develop an
indoor sport that would enable sportsmen to stay
in condition throughout the winter at the request
of his supervisor. Originally, it included a ball
similar to a soccer ball and peach baskets.
His design was intended to be used to toss the
basketball into the fruit baskets fastened to the
balcony's lower railing of the gym. The game had
to stop after every point was scored so the janitor
could get the ladder and get the ball. It took some
time for them to remove the fruit baskets'
bottoms, and it was far from practical to have to
recover the ball after every score.
Original rules
1. The ball could be thrown in any direction with one hand or both hands.
2. The ball could also be battled in any direction by one hand or with both hands.
3. Players could not run with the ball, and they must throw it from the spot on which it
is caught. Although there were loopholes around when a player is running at a
good speed when they catch it.
4. The ball had to be held in the hands, arms or body could not be used to hold the
ball.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking opponents allowed. The first
infringement of this rule counts as a foul, and the second disqualifies the player
until the next goal, or if it is evident that there was no intent to cause harm.
6. A foul is striking the ball with the fist.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, then this is counted as a goal for
opponents.
8. A goal is made when the ball is thrown or battled from the ground and into the
basket and stays there. If the ball rests on the edge, and if opponents move the
basket, this also counts as a goal.
9. Should the ball go out of bounds, then it shall be thrown into the field and played
by the first person to touch it. The person who throws it in is allowed five seconds
to do so, if they hold it any longer it goes to the opponent.
10. Umpires shall be the judge of men and will note fouls and notify the referee when
three consecutive fouls have been made.
11. The referee judges the ball and decides when the ball is in play, in-bounds and to
which side it belongs. They also keep the time and divide when a goal has been
made and keep account of these.
12. The time is fifteen-minute halves, with a five-minute rest between.
13. The side making the most goals in the time aforementioned will be the winner. In
the case of a draw, the game may be continued until another goal is made.
Volleyball
History
Invention of the Game
The Holyoke YMCA's new physical director, William
Morgan, needed a substitute for basketball in 1895
because the local businesses found it too demanding.
He suggested volleyball, a sport that lacks physical
contact but has a significant athletic component.
Morgan used baseball, handball, tennis, and
basketball as inspiration for things like the ball,
tennis net, and innings. Though it was unfinished,
Volley Ball was presented to the YMCA Physical
Director's Conference in Springfield, Massachusetts
on July 7, 1896. He showed his new game to Dr. Alfred
Halstead, a professor at the YMCA Training School,
and called it "Mintonette." Morgan demonstrated the
game with two teams under the direction of Fire
Department Chief John Lynch and Mayor James J.
Curran. Morgan gave the game over to the YMCA for
use as needed.
Worldwide Growth
Volleyball was adopted by the YMCA's physical education directors
in many societies across the US, Canada, and other countries. They
were influenced by George Williams College and Springfield College.
Volleyball was played throughout Asia under the "Brown" rules by
1913, when it was added to the Far-Eastern Games in Manila. Robert
C. Cubbon calculated in 1916 that there were 200,000 players in the
United States, broken down into four categories: schools (boys and
girls), colleges (young men), YMCA (boys, young men, and older
men), and YWCA (girls and women). The National Collegiate
Athletic Association (NCAA) published its rules and regulations
under the influence of the YMCA, which further contributed to the
explosive expansion of volleyball among young college students.
High physical and technical performance made volleyball more
competitive, and national tournaments were held in several nations,
including Eastern Europe. The YMCA's and professional physical
education schools' influence played a major role in volleyball's
expansion.
BADMINTON
HISTORY
BADMINTON
A lightweight racket and a shuttlecock—a tiny
cork hemisphere with sixteen goose feathers
attached—are used in the court or lawn game
of badminton. The game got its name from
the duke of Beaufort's country seat in
Gloucestershire, England, where it was played
for the first time in about 1873. Its origins can
be found in ancient Greece, China, and India.
It shares a close relationship with the ancient
game of battledore and shuttlecock played by
youngsters. Poona, a game played in India in
the 1860s by British army personnel, is the
origin of badminton. The first-ever
badminton competition for women was
organized the year after the inaugural
unofficial all-England badminton
championships for men were staged in 1899.
BADMINTON RULES
Over time, the badminton rules have
changed. Most notably, in 2001, a rally point shuttlecock
system was added, enabling players to score
up to 21 points. A regulation permitting
players to serve overhead was first
implemented in 1983, but it was modified
once more in 2006. A short backhand or
high-toss serve, with the shuttlecock below
the server's waist, is preferred by the majority
of contemporary players. With the
introduction of the hawk-eye system in 2014,
players could now use video review to contest
the decisions made by line judges. There are
currently additional regulations pertaining to
apparel, equipment, and the course surface,
which has a synthetic mat made especially for
badminton.
racket