PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4

MARICRIS P. BALAYO, MAEM

The Lesson Structure

Module 1 Brief History, Nature and Development of Basketball

Lesson 1 Brief History of the Game

Introductio Hello Students Welcome to Module 1 Lesson 1. This module teaches

n you the History, nature and Development of the Basketball.

OBJECTIVES
✓ To analyze the development of the game basketball.
Intended ✓ To appreciate the contribution of different countries to the
Learning development of the game.
Outcomes ✓ To trace the brief history of basketball.

✓ To discuss the nature of the game.

To launch your understanding on the topic, give me a word or two that

comes into your mind when you hear or read the word:
1. Basketball
2. History
Activity
3. Rules
4. Development

With your answers on the activity above, can you share your thoughts
Analysis now? Expound your answer.

Abstraction BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GAME

Basketball was invented by James Naismith, a Canadian American

physical education instructor at the International YMCA Training School
in Springfield, Massachusetts. In December of 1891, the director of the
school, Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, asked Naismith to find a physical
activity to occupy a "class of incorrigibles." Naismith may have had other
motivations as well. Naismith wanted to create a game of skill for the
students instead of one that relied solely on strength. He needed a
game that could be played indoors in a relatively small space. And he
wanted to keep his football players in shape off
season.
As a kid Naismith played a game called duck on a rock. He took account
of the game he played as a kid and made it into what we now call
basketball. With the help of his wife he devised a game suitable for a
gymnasium. The object of the game is to throw the soccer ball into the
peach baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony. Every time
a point was scored, the game was halted so the janitor could lug out a
ladder and retrieve the ball. Later, the bottoms of the peach baskets
were removed.

The first formal rules were devised in 1892. Initially, players dribbled a
soccer ball up and down a court of unspecified dimensions. Points were
earned by landing the ball in a peach basket. Iron hoops and a
hammock-style basket were introduced in 1893. Another decade
passed, however, before the innovation of open-ended nets put an end
to the practice of manually retrieving the ball from the basket each time
a goal was scored. In 1959, James Naismith was inducted into the
Basketball Hall of Fame (called the Naismith Memorial Hall of Fame.)
Tony Hinkle designed the current orange ball that is in use today. He
introduced it in the 1950's so that the players and spectators would be
able to see it more clearly.

THE FIRST 13 RULES OF BASKETBALL

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.

2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never
with the fist).

3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the
spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who
catches the ball when running at a good speed.

4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body-
must not be used for holding it.

5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the

person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule
by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until
the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the person,
for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed.

6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3, 4, and
such as

described in Rule 5.

7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for
the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the mean
time making a foul).

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the
grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the
goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and
the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.

9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of
play by
the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it
straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if he holds
it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the
game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side.

10. The umpire shall be judged of the men and shall note the fouls and
notify
the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall
have
power to disqualify men according to Rule 5..

11. The referee shall be judged of the ball and shall decide when the
ball is in play, inbounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the
time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of
the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.

12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes' rest
between..

13. The side making the most baskets in that time shall declare the
winner. In case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains,
be continued until another goal is made.

The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight

founding nations: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia,
Portugal, Romania and Switzerland. At this time, the organization only
oversaw amateur players. Its acronym, derived from the French
Fédération Internationale Basketball Amateur, was thus "FIBA". Men's
Basketball was first included at the Berlin 1936 Summer Olympics,
although a demonstration tournament was held in 1904. The United
States defeated Canada in the first final, played outdoors. This
competition has usually been dominated by the United States, whose
team has won all but three titles, the first loss in a controversial final
game in Munich in 1972 against the Soviet Union. In 1950 the first FIBA
World Championship for men was held in Argentina. Three years later,
the first FIBA World Championship for Women was held in Chile.
Women's basketball was added to the Olympics in 1976, which were
held in Montreal, Canada with teams such as the Soviet Union, Brazil
and Australia rivaling the American squads.

FIBA dropped the distinction between amateur and professional players

in 1989, and in 1992, professional players played for the first time in the
Olympic Games. The United States' dominance continued with the
introduction of their Dream Team. However, with developing programs
elsewhere, other national teams started to beat the United States. A
team made entirely of NBA players finished sixth in the 2002 World
Championships in Indianapolis, behind Yugoslavia, Argentina, Germany,
New Zealand and Spain. In the 2004 Athens Olympics, the United
States suffered its first Olympic loss while using professional players,
falling to Puerto Rico (in a 19-point loss) and Lithuania in group games,
and being eliminated in the semifinals by Argentina. It eventually won
the bronze medal defeating Lithuania, finishing behind Argentina and
Italy. In 2006, in the World Championship of Japan, the United States
advanced to the semifinals but were defeated by Greece by 101-95. In
the bronze medal game it beat team Argentina and finished 3rd behind
Greece and Spain. After the disappointments of 2002 through 2006, the
U.S. regrouped, reestablishing themselves as the dominant international
team behind the "Redeem Team", which won gold at the 2008
Olympics, and the so-called "B-Team", which won gold at the 2010 FIBA
World Championship in Turkey despite featuring no players from the
2008 squad.

NATURE OF THE GAME

Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score
by shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground.
The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is
a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the
mid-court line. If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the
mid-court line, it has ten seconds to get the ball over the mid-court line.
If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball. Once the offensive team gets
the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer have possession of the
ball in the area in back of the line. If it does, the defense is awarded the
ball. The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or
dribbling. The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without
the ball is called the defense. They try to steal the ball, contest shots,
steal and deflect passes, and garner rebounds.

When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes
to the other team. If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-
point arc, then that basket is worth three points. A free throw is one
point. Free throws are awarded to a team according to some formats
involving the number of fouls committed in a half and or the type of foul
committed. Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws,
depending upon when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line,
then he gets three shots. Other types of fouls do not result in free throws
being awarded until a certain number have accumulated during a half.
Once that number is reached, then the player who was fouled is
awarded a '1-and-1' opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets
to attempt a second. If he misses the first shot, the ball is live on the
rebound.

Each game is divided into sections. All levels have two halves. In
college, each half is twenty minutes long. In high school and below, the
halves are divided into eight (and sometimes, six) minute quarters. In
the pros, quarters are twelve minutes. There is a gap of several minutes
between halves. Gaps between quarters are relatively short. If the score
is tied at the end of regulation, then overtime periods of various lengths
are played until a winner emerges.

Each team will assign a basket or goal to defend. This means that the
other basket is their scoring basket. At halftime, the teams switch goals.
The game begins with one player from either team at center court. A
referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his
hands on the ball will tip it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off. In
addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are other
ways for a team to get the ball. One such way is if the other team
commits a foul or violation.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
From humble beginnings in North America, Basketball has grown into
one of the most popular team sports in the world. It's a truly global
game: the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the USA, the world's
leading professional league, features players from more than 30
countries.

Men's Basketball first appeared on the Olympic programme at the Berlin

1936 Games, with the women's event introduced at Montreal 1976.
Professional players first competed at the Barcelona 1992 Games, when
the famous US 'Dream Team' won gold in the men's event.

Worldwide, basketball tournaments are held for boys and girls of all age
levels. The global popularity of the sport is reflected in the nationalities
represented in the NBA. Players from all six inhabited continents
currently play in the NBA. Top international players began coming into
the NBA in the mid 1990s, including Croatians Dražen Petrović and Toni
Kukoč, Serbian Vlade Divac, Lithuanians Arvydas Sabonis and Šarūnas
Marčiulionis and German Detlef Schrempf.
The all-tournament teams at the 2002 and 2006 FIBA World
Championships, respectively held in Indianapolis and Japan,
demonstrate the globalization of the game equally dramatically. Only
one member of either team was American, namely Carmelo Anthony in
2006. The 2002 team featured Nowitzki, Ginobili, Yao, Peja Stojakovic
of Yugoslavia (now of Serbia), and Pero Cameron of New Zealand.
Ginobili also made the 2006 team; the other members were Anthony,
Gasol, his Spanish teammate Jorge Garbajosa and Theodoros
Papaloukas of Greece. The only players on either team to never have
joined the NBA are Cameron and Papaloukas. The all-tournament team
from the 2010 edition in Turkey featured four NBA players-MVP Kevin
Durant of Team USA and the Oklahoma City Thunder, Linas Kleiza of
Lithuania and the Toronto Raptors, Luis Scola of Argentina and the
Houston Rockets, and Hedo Türkoğlu of Turkey and the Phoenix Suns.
The only non-NBA player was Serbia's Miloš Teodosić. The strength of
international Basketball is evident in the fact that Team USA won none
of the three world championships held between 1998 and 2006, with
Serbia (then known as Yugoslavia) winning in 1998 and 2002 and Spain
in 2006.

In the Philippines, the Philippine Basketball Association's first game was

played on April 9, 1975 at the Araneta Coliseum in Cubao, Quezon City.
Philippines. It was founded as a "rebellion" of several teams from the
now defunct Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association
which was tightly controlled by the Basketball Association of the
Philippines (now defunct), the then-FIBA recognized national
association. Nine teams from the
MICAA participated in the league's first season that opened on April 9,
1975.
The NBL is Australia's pre-eminent mens professional basketball
league. The league commenced in 1979, playing a winter season (April-
September) and did so until the completion of the 20th season in 1998.
The 1998-99 season, which commenced only months later, was the first
season after the shift to the current summer season format (October-
April). This shift was an attempt to avoid competing directly against
Australia's various football codes. It features 8 teams from around
Australia and one in New Zealand. A few players including Luc Longley,
Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey and Andrew Bogut made it big
internationally, becoming poster figures for the sport in Australia. The
Women's National Basketball League began in 1981.

The NBA-backed Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)

began in 1997. Though it had shaky attendance figures, several
marquee players (Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, and Candace Parker
among others) have helped the league's popularity and level of
competition. Other professional women's basketball leagues in the
United States, such as the American Basketball League (1996-1998),
have folded in part because of the popularity of the WNBA. The WNBA
has been looked at by many as a niche league. However, the league
has recently taken steps forward. In June 2007, the WNBA signed a
contract extension with ESPN. The new television deal runs from 2009
to 2016.

Along with this deal, came the first ever rights fees to be paid to a
women's professional sports league. Over the eight years of the
contract, "millions and millions of dollars" will be "dispersed to the
league's teams." The WNBA gets more viewers on national television
broadcasts (413,000) than both Major League Soccer (253,000) and the
NHL (310,732). In a March 12, 2009 article, NBA commissioner David
Stern said that in the bad economy, "the NBA is far less profitable than
 the WNBA. We're losing a lot of money amongst a large number of
teams. We're budgeting the WNBA to break even this year."

Directions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Who Discovered basketball?

a. James Naismith
b. Luther Gulick
c. William Morgan

2. When was the first public basketball game held in Springfield

Massachusetts?
a. Dec. 21, 1891,
b. Dec. 21, 1992
c. Dec. 21, 1890

3. What was the game played by Naismith during his childhood days?
a. duck on a rock
b. duck on a river
c. duck on a swamp

4. Who designed the current orange ball that is in use today?

Application a. Tony Hinkle
b. Dr. Luther Gulick
c. James Naismith

5. A two team sport of five players shooting a ball of an elevated hoop

10 feet
above the ground is called
a. basketball
b. volleyball
c. soccer

6. The following procedures are applied in basketball game, except one.

a. dribbling
b. passing
c. shooting

7. The team with the ball is called

a. offensive team
b. defensive team
c. neutral team
Closure Well done! You have just finished Lesson 1 of this module. It is expected
that you have enough knowledge to go to next lesson. Should there be
some parts of the lesson which you need clarification, please ask you
instructor.
Now if you are ready, please proceed to Lesson 2 of module 1 which
preparing your body for volleyball activity.