Physical Education 4

(Team Sports)

BASKETBALL
LESSON 1: Brief History, Nature and Development of Basketball

 In December of 1891, basketball was invented by

James Naismith, who is a Canadian-American physical
education major instructor at the International YMCA
Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.

It was discovered when Dr. Luther Halsey Gulic, the

director of Naismith's school asked to find a physical
activity to occupy a “class of incorrigibles”.
As a kid Naismith played a game called "duck on a rock" and
when he grew older and got married he developed the game and
made it into now we call basketball. With the help of his wife,
he devised a game suitable for a gymnasium.

Originally, the object of the game is to throw the soccer ball

into the peach baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym
balcony. Every time a point was scored, the game was halted so
the janitor could lug out a ladder and retrieve the ball. Later, the
bottoms of the peach baskets were removed.
The first formal rules were devised in 1892. Initially, players
dribbled a soccer ball up and down a court of unspecified
dimensions. Points were earned by landing the ball in a peach
basket.

Iron hoops and hammock-style basket were introduced in 1893.

Another decade passed, however, before the innovation of
open-ended nets put an end to the practice of manually
retrieving the ball from the basket each time a goal was scored.
In 1959, James Naismith was inducted into the
Basketball Hall of Fame (called the Naismith Memorial
Hall of Fame).

Tony Hinkle designed the current orange ball that is in

use today. He introduced it in the 1950’s so that players
and spectators would be able to see it more clearly.
THE FIRST 13 RULES OF BASKETBALL
1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or
both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both
hands (never with the fist).
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must
throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance
to be made for a man who catches the ball when
running at a good speed.
4. The ball must hold in or between the hands; the arms or
body must not be used for holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any
way the person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first
infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the
second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if
there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the
game, no substitute allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the first, violation of Rules 3,
4, and such as described in Rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a
goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents
in the mean time making a foul).
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the
grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the
goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and
the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of
play by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall
throw it straight into the field. The thrower-I is allowed five seconds; if
he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in
delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side.
10. The umpire shall be judged of the men and shall note the fouls and
notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall
have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be judged of the ball and shall decide when
the ball is in play, inbounds, to which side it belongs, and shall
keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and
keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually
performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes’
rest between.
13. The side making the most baskets in that time shall declare
the winner. In case, of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the
captains, be continued until another goal is made.
In 1932, the International Basketball Federation was formed
by 8 founding nations which are: Argentina, Czechoslovakia,
Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland.

At that time, they only oversaw amateur players thus French
Fédération Internationale de Basketball Amateur (FIBA)
was established.

Men's Basketball was first included at the Berlin 1936

Summer Olympics, although a demonstration tournament was
held in 1904.
In 1950 the first FIBA World Championship for Men was held
in Argentina. Three years later, the first FIBA World
Championship for Women was held in Chile. Women's
basketball was added to the Olympics in 1976, which were held
in Montreal, Canada with teams such as the Soviet Union,
Brazil and Australia rivaling the American squads.

FIBA dropped the distinction between amateur and

professional players in 1989, and in 1992, professional players
played for the first time in the Olympic Games.