MODULE 3

Developmental Stages
in
Middle and Late
Adolescence
 Human Development
u It focuses on human
growth and changes across
the lifespan,
including physical,
cognitive, social,
intellectual,
perceptual, personality and
emotional growth.
u The study of human
developmental stages is
essential to understanding
how humans learn,
mature, and
adapt. Throughout their
lives, humans go through
various stages in
development.
1. Pre-natal Period (conception to
birth)
2. Infancy (birth to 2 years)
3. Early Childhood (2 to 6 years)
4. Late Childhood (6 to 12 years)
5. Adolescence (puberty (13) to 18
years)
6. Early Adulthood (18 to 40 years)
7. Middle Adulthood (40 years to
retirement)
8. Old Age (retirement to death)
Progress Before Birth:
Prenatal Development
3 phases
1. germinal stage = first 2 weeks
conception, implantation, formation of
placenta
2. embryonic stage = 2 weeks – 2
months
formation of vital organs and systems
3. fetal stage = 2 months – birth
bodily growth continues, movement
capability begins, brain cells multiply age
of viability
Prenatal
Overview of fetal development

It involves tremendous growth – from a single cell to an

organism complete with brain and behavioral capabilities
Stages of Human
Development
Pre-natal (Conception to birth)

Age when hereditary

endowments and sex
are fixed and all body
features, both external
and internal are
developed.
 Infancy (Birth
to 2 years)
Infancy (Birth – 2 years)
u Foundation age
when basic
behavior are
organized and
many ontogenetic
maturation skills
are developed.
 Infancy (Birth – 2 years) 1
year old
Ø change from plump baby to leaner
more muscular toddler
Ø begins to walk & talk
Ø ability for passive language (better
understanding of what’s being said)
Ø tentative sense of independence
Ø determined explorer
 Infancy (Birth – 2 years) 2
years old
• begins to communicate verbally (name, etc.)
• can usually speak in 3 to 4 word sentences •
famous for negative behavior
“NO!” to everything!
temper tantrums
• will play side by side other children, but does not
actively play with them
• great imitators
Early Childhood
(2 – 6 years )
 Early Childhood 2
to 6 years
u Pre-gang age,
exploratory, and
questioning. Language
and Elementary reasoning
are acquired and initial
socialization is
experienced.
 Early Childhood 2
to 6 years old
Ø sentences are more complex;
speaks well enough for strangers
to understand
Ø imagination is vivid; line
between what is real & imaginary
is often indistinct
Ø develops fears (common fears:
fear of dark, fear of animals, &
fear of death)
Late Childhood
(6 – 12 years )
 Late Childhood 6
- 12 years old
u Gang and
creativity
age when self-
help skills,
social skills,
school skills,
and play are
developed.
 Late Childhood
6 - 12 years old
Ø both large & small muscles well-
developed
Ø developed complex motor skills
Ø from independent activities to
same sex group activities
Ø acceptance by peers very
important
Ø parental approval still important
 Adolescence
(Puberty (13) –
18 years )
 Adolescence
Puberty (13) - 18 years old
u Transition age from
childhood to
adulthood when sex
maturation and rapid
physical development
occur resulting to
changes in ways of
feeling, thinking, and
acting.
 Adolescence
Puberty (13) - 18 years old
Ø traumatic life stage for child &
parent
Ø puberty occurs
Ø extremely concerned with
appearance
Ø trying to establish self-identity
Ø confrontations with authority
Early Adulthood
(18– 40 years )
 Early Adulthood
18 - 40 years old
uAge of
adjustment to
new patterns of
life and roles such
as spouse, parent
and breadwinner.
 Early Adulthood
18 - 40 years old
Ø physical development complete
Ø emotional maturation continues to
develop
Ø usually learned to accept responsibility
for actions & accept criticism
Ø usually knows how to profit from
errors
Ø socially progress from age-related peer
groups to people with similar interests
 Middle Age
(40 years to retirement)
 Middle Age
40 years to retirement

uTransition age when adjustments

to initial physical and mental
decline are experienced.
 Middle Age
40 years to retirement
Ø physical changes begin to occur:
Ø hair begins to thin & gray
Ø wrinkles appear
Ø hearing & vision decrease
Ø muscles lose tone
Ø main concerns: children, health, job
security, aging parents, & fear of
aging
Ø love & acceptance still take a major
role
 Old Age
(Retirement to death)
 Old Age
Retirement to death
u Retirement age
when
increasingly
rapid physical
and mental
decline are
experienced.
 Old Age
Retirement to death
Ø fastest growing age bracket of society
Ø physical deterioration (brittle bones,
poor coordination)
Ø some memory problems
Ø coping with retirement & forms of
entertainment
Ø very concerned with health & finances
Ø significant number become depressed;
suicide rate is high