Chapter 6 The Physical Self

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Identify the stages of life and explain the physical changes that
occur during each stage;
2. Recognize the contributions of genetic and environmental
factors to the physical development of the self;
3. Describe the factors that affects body image;
4. Examine the impact of culture on body image and self; and
5. Develop a positive body image.
 * “ To keep the body in good health is a duty…. otherwise we shall not be able to
keep our mind strong and clear.” -Buddha

Table of Contents
❖ The Physical Self
❖ Factors affecting Physical growth and development
❖ Body Image
❖ Concept of Beauty
Physical Self
✔ refers to the body that includes basic parts such as head, neck,
arms & legs.
✔ Made up of other organs such as brain, heart, lungs, stomach,
intestines and muscles.
 The Physical Self
Stages of Life Span
- refers to the development from conception to death.
- (Elizabeth Hurlock, Developmental Psychology book)
- In general, the body performs its functions least well during
infancy and old age.
-Physical efficiency generally peaks in early adulthood, between
the ages of 20-30 and slowly declines into the middle age.
-physical development and growth during childhood continues at
a slow rate compared to the rapid rate of growth in babyhood.
-One of the most crucial stage of development is the adolescence
stage.
Adolescence
❖ begins with the onset of puberty.
❖ This stage is characterized by rapid physical changes that
include the maturation of the reproductive system.
Stages in the Life Span according to Elizabeth Hurlock

Prenatal Fertilization to birth

Infancy Birth to two weeks of life
Babyhood 2 weeks of life to 2nd year
Early childhood 2 to 6 years old
Late childhood 6 to 10 or 12years old
Puberty 10 or 12 to 14 years old
Adolescence 14 to 18 years old
Early adulthood 18 to 40 years old
Middle adulthood 40 to 60 years old
Late adulthood or 60 to death
senescence
 Factors affecting physical Growth and Development
1. Nature
Nature vs Nurture
Socio-biologists and other experts in the natural sciences argue
that behavior traits can be explained by genetics.
Nurture – sociologists, anthropologists, and others in the social
sciences argue that human behavior can be acquired through
interactions.
Factors affecting physical growth & development
❖ Heredity – biological process of transmission of traits from
parents to offspring.
❖ The sex and other physical traits are determined by the
combination of chromosomes and genes during fertilization.
(the union of the two cells; egg & sperm cell)
Chromosomes – thread like tissues that carries the genes and are
usually found in pairs. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes.
 Types of chromosomes
1. Autosomes or traits chromosomes (23 pairs)= 46 which
determines our traits
2. Gonosomes or sex chromosomes (22 pairs the x & y) = determine
whether the child is a boy or a girl.
Genes
❖ Basic carrier of hereditary traits and can be classified into
dominant (strong genes) and recessive (weak genes)
Dominant vs recessive
Dominant – the expressed form of the trait when present.
Recessive- the trait not expressed when the dominant form of the
trait is present.
Factors affecting physical growth…..
2. Environment
- - the factors to which the individual is exposed after conception
to death which includes learning and experience.
- factors such as diet, nutrition and diseases play an important
role in physical development.
Body Image (physical appearance)
✔ Refers to how individuals perceive, think and feel about their
body and physical appearance.
Appearance
✔ Everything about a person that others can observe such as
height, weight, skin color, clothes and hairstyle.
Self-Esteem (Body Image & self-esteem should work hand & hand)
✔ A person’s over all evaluation of his or her own worth.
✔ Younger women & girls tend to have poor body image.
✔ Body Image can affect both the adolescent’s physical and
psychological well-being.
Causes of poor Body Image
✔ Emphasis on thin ideal body
✔ Bullying and peer pressure
✔ Media (TV, advertisement, commercial, music & movies)
Effects of Poor Body Image
1. Body dissatisfaction
2. Depression (agitation, fatigue)
3. Low self-esteem
4. Eating Disorder
Anorexia Nervosa (hindi na kakain para hindi tumaba) led to
severe starvation and death. Usually afflicts female from age 12 to
14.
Bulimia (kakain ng marami ipa-purge ang kinain)
Effects of Poor Body Image
5. Body modification
Forms of body modification:
• Tattooing
• Permanent make-up
• Body piercing
• Cosmetic surgery
Concept of Beauty
How do you define beauty?
Philippines (April) 100 years of Beauty- Ep 6/cut
❖ Beauty is not constant, it varies according to place & period of time.
❖ Culture affects the definition of beauty.

In Egyptian art, beauty is portrayed in

women with slim, high waist, narrow hips and
long black hair.

During Renaissance period, women with full

figure and rounded hips were considered
beautiful.
Some tribes (Africa) during the medieval
age, consider chubby, fat or plum women
beautiful.
Some tribes in Malaysia, Philippines and
Indonesia considered flat noses to be the most
attractive.
Standards of beauty have change overtime
based on changing cultural values.
All cultures have more or less the same concept
standard of beauty.
Standards of Beauty
✔ Clean and unblemished skin
✔ Thick shiny hair
✔ Well-proportioned bodies
✔ Symmetrical faces
✔ Beauty is considered important throughout history
✔ This is because these features indicate youth, health, good
genes and fertility.
✔ Beauty is important in all societies.
✔ Attractive people have a lot of advantages in life.

“ above all things physical, it is more important to be beautiful in the inside.”

 End
Of
Presentation