The reported speech

Ayman says to his friends, “ I will not surrender very eaily.”

The reporting subject the reporting verb the reporting object

The reporting verb is in the present: no change in tenses + no change in adverbs of time and place + CHANGE IN PRONOUNS.

⮚ Chaimae says , “ I will loose my chance tomorrow if I don’t finish my work now and here.”
● Chaimae says that she will loose her chance tomorrow if she doesn’t finish her work now and here.

The reporting verb is in the past: change in tenses + change in adverbs of time and place + change in pronouns.

⮚ Chaimae said , “ I will loose my chance tomorrow if I don’t finish my work now and here.”

Chaimae said that she would loose her chance the following day if she didn’t finish her work then and there.

Changes

tenses Adverbs of time Adverbs of place modals

Direct speech Reported Direct Reported Direct Reported Direct Reported
speech speech speech speech speech speech speech
Simple present Simple past Now then here there will would
Present Past tomorrow The there there shall should
continuous continuous following
day
Simple past Past perfect yesterday The previous this that can could
day
Past continuous Past perfect Next The these those must Had to
continuous week following
week
Present perfect Past perfect Last week The previous may
week
Present perfect Past perfect Next The Have to Had to
continuous continuous month following
month
Past perfect Past perfect Last The previous Ought to Ought to
month month
Past perfect Past perfect Next year The Had to Had to
continuous continuous following
year