Grade 11 University Physics (SPH 3U1) - Course Outline

The following topics will be covered:

Unit 0 Pre-requisite Skills

Unit 1 Chapter 2: Describing Motion

Chapter 3: Motion in 2 Dimensions
Chapter 4: Newton's Laws

Unit 2 Chapter 5: Work and Mechanical Energy

Unit 5 Chapter 13: Electric Energy and Circuit

Unit 3 Chapter 7: Waves Transferring Energy

Chapter 8: Exploring a Wave Model For Sound
Review Skills Introduction to Physics

Notes: These skills are emphasized since they will be essential through out the entire year. .. (not to mention next year)

DAY
TOPIC(S) HOMEWORK SPECIAL NOTES
1 Introductions
Course outline
Missed test policy
Safety Rules Submit safety declaration
Student Questionnaire
Car Crash Reconstruction

Units & Scientific Notation Pg 1 #1-4,6

(4 pg. Handout)

2 Unit Conversions Pg2 #5,7,9

Unit Conversions (square/cube Units) Pg4 #8

3 Significant Digits - Founding Ex A #l,2,3cde

- multiply & divide Ex B #1-5,14,15
add & subtract Ex C #1-18

4 Significant Digits - Sci. Not Ex A #3ab

- Multiple Operations Ex B #6-13,16-20

5 Skills Review Quiz

 S.L Units And Scientific Notation

Do not use a calculator for these problems

Powers of Ten

Scientific calculations frequently require calculations using powers of ten. The multiplication
and division of powers is governed by two simple rules. Fill in the spac&s.

Rule #1 When multiplying powers, _: _ the expoaents.

Rule #2 Wlies dividing powers, _ the exponents.

1. Calculate the followmg, expressing your answers as powers of tea.

ICP x 10^ - __ 103 -102 =

104 X 10-2 = _ . 104 -lCh2 ==

10-^x10^ ^ __ 10-9-io-^=.

10-6 x 10-9 = _ 10-3 -l04 = . . ...

SI Units

The modem version of the metric system, established by international agreement in 1960, is
called SI. SI is the abbreviation for Le Systeme [Link] cTUmtes.

Greek Prefixes Latin Prefixes

(Upper case abbreviations) (Lower case abbreviations)
(except for k)
kilo k 103 mUU m 10-3
mega M 106 micro pi 10~6
giga G 109 nano -n '10-9
fcera T 1012 pico p 10-I2
peta P 1015 femto f 10-15

Rules for [Link] in writing SI units.

#1. Leave a [Link] between the number and the unit

#2. Use the abbreviation for the unit following a numerical value.
#3. If a n'umber begins with a decimal point, put a zero m front of it .
#4. For large numbers, digits should be grouped in threes separated by spaces.

2. Rewrite the following &[Link], correcting the errors.

.52kg _ • 7.6joules _ 5.1m

12873 N _ .000019 ^
 S.I. Units And Scientific Notation

3.' Try these. Don't take them too seriously.

106 phones = one __ 10~6 phones = one

10~3 pedes = one _ 1012 bulls = one

4. Using powers of t&n only, write the correct answer in eacli space.

Examples 1 nm = 10-6 mm
1 ks = 10^ mg

1MJ= kJ 1 km^_mm IGW^_kW

1 mm== m 1 fm == ' /^m 1 ./^g ^ _ kg

lpF= .^F irw= ______ kw lPm= fm

5. Convert each measurement to the unit indicated and write the correct answer in the space
provided. Use powers of ten where appropriate.

Example To change m to km, move the decimal three places to the left
or multiply by 10-3. 5.7 m == 5.7 x 10-3 km

Example To change m to mm, move the decimal three places to the right
or multiply by 103. 5.7 m = 5.7 x 103 mm

4.51 m = km == cm = mm
4.8km ^ m^ era =- mm
24cm = m == mm ,^m

288g = ms -cr =
-6 Ms

Ih ^ nun =

15 min ^ h=

1 ro7s = km/s km/h

18km7h '=: m/h m/s

la = d = h (a is the abbreviation for year)

 S.I. Units And Scientific Notation

Scientific Notation

For very large and v&ry small numbers, scientists use a standard or scientific notation.
The decimal is placed after the fir^t digit and a power of ten is ased to show the [Link].e of the
number.

Example: The population of Metropolitan Toronto 2 300 000

Since this is a whole number, the decimal point is understood to be located at the
end of the last zero. In order to put the decimal after the first digit, it must be
moved six places to the left.
To compensate, the number must be multiplied by I06. The answer is 2,3 x 106-

Example: Diameter of a hydrogen atom = 0.000 000 000 053 m

In order to put the decimal after Ehe first digit, it must be moved eleven pla-ces to
the right. To' compensate, the number must be multiplied by 10~lr
The answer is 53 x 10~lL.m

6. Rewrite the following numbers in scieutific notation.

0.8^104== _ 77xl03.=

29 x 10-10 == ____._..__...__ 0.41 x 10-7 =

0.0041 xl08 == _.._ 2 997 x 1&5 =

217xIO-4= ' _.__.._ 0.016x10-^=

7. Express the following measurements in scientific notation.

Velocity of light in vacuum = 299 700 000 m/s _ (3 digits)

Mean radius of the earth ^ 6 380 000 m _ . (3 digits)

Charge on the electron = 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 16 C

-t

8. Write the answers to the following questions in scientific notation.

9.8 kN^. .N 5.2 MJ=. .J

160 mA=. .A 0.2 mm = m

24 cm = . m 4.8 ^n =. cm

3Mg =. -kg 566 run == m

53 GW ^_ .w 6.1 ^C^. .c
 -1. Coriver{ [p m^ltimefres.

.i. Sicm , t>. 42 cm c. 7.5 cm d. 0.2 cm

<-. 3 dm f- 60 dm K. 0.^! dm h. 3.3dm

i. 5 m i. 14 m li. 1.9m t. 0.6 m

5, Find the missing value.

j. 67 cm » B mm b. 25.-1 mg - B g c. 6.987 kg "* • y

d. 0.0077 L - BmL e. 5809 g - N kg L 9.35m - U dm

g. 9 876000 mm - K km h. 8.54 km • B m i. 66 L - • ml

]'. 63 km a B m L 36 mm « U cm L 945 L - • kL
m. 145 mL = Bl n. 90 mm a B cm o. 7.6 kg • B g

p. 4,5 dm « B cm q. 3.S6kg < Bg r. 6&4 ml " • I

6. Students in a science tab make chemicat solutions usir^'ivaterand add.

find the total amount of solution for each combination, in litres.

a. 1 L water, 5 jnL acid - b. 0.5 L water, 2 ml acid

c. 0.8 L water, 25 mL acid d. 1 L water, 55 mL acid

7. Find the sum of each series of measurements.

a. 4.5 cm, "12 mm b. 29 mm, 3.8 cm, 2.9 cm

c. 8 g, 985 mg, 3.5 g d. 7.5 kg, 590 g, 7580 mg

B. Find the missing value.

d. 579 000 mm1 " B cml b. 5.09m1 mm c. 7904 cm2 - • m1

d. 0.0005 km3 - 0 m; c. 0.0000065km3 " U m1 L 15fl79412mma - B m3

g. 6.658 m1-^ B cm2 h. 16.2cm1 = Mmm1- i. U 876 cm1 = • m3-

j. 5 km3-=^ fi m1- k. 5.463 km^ " « m3 I. 89650cm1-- H m2-

9. Find th<.J missing valuf, and name Ihe attribute being measured.

<3. the CN Tower: 553 m - B km

b. ihe Weiland Canal: 44.8 km " B m

i. a yolf ball: 43.9 g - 0 kg .

d. .in ffeclhc iron: '1.1 kg "= 0 g

v. [Link]; [Link](? km2- - D m1

f. <an average newborn baby: 51 cm -• U mm

H. a huwhnfi lane: 1830 cm = B m

h. a can of cof;i: 280 ml = Q L

1. the worfd's deepest mine: 3.84 km = D m

i. - A car's -Fuel fank: 40 L » U kL

^. A lounn-g. bicycle: 13 500 R "; n kg

1, ^>^[Link]'&'-4.L ifn1'--- fl3 mm1- J"^

in ifi< Si;r !;!M-I fi&yOkm • • m

tl, .1 [1.11 k Hi;* sp.K f It) nva- = Q (in^ ^

irar-.^L-^-inL-'

- ; »^
*^%
 SPH4A S.L Units Aad Scientific Notation Review ^

Try these. Don't take them too seriously.

l06 phones ^ one M e(\(KpV\OV\P_ 10-(s phones = one irtAK'rr-ip^Q^P

10-3 pedcs ='onc W\ilt pF^PS I012 bulls = one 4-~P r^ bu^

4. Using powers of ten only, write the correct answer in each space.

Examples I nm = \Q~6 mm
1 kg== 106mg

t MJ= 10 U
^
I km = IU' mm
^
I GW = 10° kW
^
1 mm = \ ^ m I ^" = i Li 'l ^m i/^g- H3 '.kg

1TW= 10 kW
V--&
IpF /IF I Pm == 10^ fm

5. Convert each measurement to the unit indicated and write the correct answer in the space
provided. Use powers of ten where appropriate.

Example To change m to km, move the decimal three piaccs to the left
^ or multiply by 10-3. 5.7 m ^ 5.7 x l0-3 lan

)
Exampic To change m to mm. move the decimal three places to the right
or muldply by 103. 5.7 m = 5.7 x 103 mm

3
4.51 m = 4^15^ km = 451 cm == H ^ 1.0 mm
4.8km-^ 4 ?te m = ^% 000 ' cm =. M ^to 000 mm

24cm == 0.14 m= ZMC, •mm = 7L[0 WO ^m

Eg x T^ ^00 m?= 0<Z^ k^ = 2i^ ^10 "Me

1 h == A^ min = ,^00 .s

15min = 0^-S" h ^ ^tOO s

1 m/s ._== 0.00^ km/s ^ 'S.6 km/h

I8icm/h = l^ 00^ m^i = 5~ m/s

1 a == 3>^S~ d = % ~?fc0 h (a is the abbreviation for year)

 Do not use a calculator for these probiems
0
Powers of Ten

Sciencinc calculations Erequemty require calcutauons using powers ot ten. The multiplicauon
and division of powers is governed by two simp!e rules. Filt in the spaces.

Rule ^l When multiplying powers. the expoaems.

Rule ^2 \V"hen dividing powers. .the e^ponents,

Calculate [he following, expressing >our answers as powers often.

l03^ l02 = \SL 1C? -l02 = \0

lC^x 10-: = \Q 104 -l0r1 = \Qb
10-19^l012 = \C'/ \0^ -10-^= ID1
^, v°

i0-6x l0-9 = l^
-is-
10-3 -\Cr = l0'7

SI Units

The modem version of the metric system, eseabiished bv intemadonal asreemeat io 1960. is
cs-iled SI. Si is che abbreviation for Le Svsteme InEemational d'Unices.

Greek Prefixes Lacin Pr&fixes

^Uppercase abbreviations) Lower case abbreviations
(e^[Link] k)
Sdlo k 1CP miiii m 10-^
mesa M 10° IO"5
micro ^
giga G , 109 nano n 10^
tera T \0n piCO p- 10-^

peLi P 1015 iemto f \Q'[5

Rules for good form in wriung SI unus.

,?!. Leave a space between the number and the unit.

i?2. Use the abbreviation for ihe. unit foIlowiQg a numerical value. ;
^3. If a number begins with a decimal point, put a zero in froai of IL
^4. For lar^e aumoers, digits should be grouped in threes separated by spaces. )

Rewrite ihe following expressions, correcting (.he errors.

•^2 kg Or5"2 J^ 7.6jou!es ^,6 'T 5.1m <T,1 m

!^S73N H_JTZiLW .000019 g [Link].O 01^ (\
Scientific Notation . . -

For very large and very small numbers, scientists use a standard or scientific noudon.
The decimal is placed after the Eirsc digit and a power of cen is used to show the magnitude of the
number.

E.\ampte: The population of MecropoliEan Toronto 2 300 000

Since ihis is a whoie number, the decimal point is understood to be located ac che
end of the last zero. la order to put the decimal after ±e Ur^t digk. ic muse be.
moved six places to the left.
To compensate, the number musi be multiplied by 10^. The answer is 23 x 10s

Examole: Diameter of a bvdrosen atom = 0.000 000 000 053 m

In order T.o put ihe decimal alter the firsi: disit, it must be moved e[even piaces' ;o
the right. To compensate, the number muse bte multiplied by [Qi[.
Tne answer is 5 J < 10-'; m

6. Rewrite the following numbers In scientific notation.

0.3 x \Cr = S x l03 — x '1^ ^ -?.'7 x 10s

29 ^ 10-'^ ^ ZciX 10^ 0.41 .x i0-~ ^ LJ.l ^ 10

O.C041 x 10^ = _4A^JL^L 2 99- ..CP = 2<^7 ^ j^

2i~ \ io-= - "zip ^ir^ 0.016^ 10-:: ^ [Link]^ 10"

/

Express the following measurements ia scientific notauon.

Velocity of light in vacuum == 299 TOO 000 m/s ^.•©0; >t \Q m^ (3 digits)

Me^n radius of ihe earth = 6380000m ^3^x[Q .m C3 digics)

Charse on the eleciron = 0.000 000 000 000 OCO 000 16 C 1.6 >c 10" C

S. Write the answers co the following questions in scieatinc aocaaoa.

9.8 kN == ^^ KtG3t N 5.2 \U = ^.Z?<(0 J

160 niA = \,^ ^ A 0.2 mm = ~^^IO-T'1 m

24 cm = 'Z^.tO"1 ^ [Link]<m^ i4.% ?<!0 cm

3Mg := 3^\^ ks ' 566 run = S~^6^'t0'~7m

53GW = S'.3^0 W 6.1 ^C= ^.^<l0" C

LL^£L)^JSO w_m_ 4'i.O^^tn ._c^^. '"7~'?'M ^ _, ^ ) ^Z yvi ^

^ ^^O^m ^)^)0^ ^) 40^ k) ^^ft^-,

' \ ^

J^LSOOC) mj^ ^
. .. h
) Li ooo ^.. {<} WOwM \) 600 M w

^__^_-470.^m--. . -k) 6J>:25~tL^_.___-_- _^). -6_il7<^

JX^l.^-to-L-—^_.&locUs^__.__.£L_9^^1 J?a_
^) dL%7& ]<^ I,) %StlO ^__-. ._^L^.^S~0-O^^L
_^J^OTOL_^,,,,_J<^_3A.jLm_.__..___._ll^D^^

J&)_OLl45J-_^^^ _&)_-Z^^-
^m___j2|^_^fc^.__^_Gt-&iy_'L

0. $'01

c) as^s-.L A) [Link]"

~7* 0< ) S(~7cm -A-Xi

<L'V^/\

_£YJ_I^S ~5 IX^m^s
z.
L) S-.Q<( YiG'<3 WM^- x
s^ ^ S~ "~7<;[Link] •Y_OL:BO^ Vyi

:G>0 h-^. AX-&Ajj:^miz^

_iH^Xj
"z.

"^

XV-^-^Q. ^3 \^ ^,<t^

c\, _^_
Q.S'^'3 1c ^ (h^U-)' IQ (^-rgL
LUitL^ J/^L 1^ _L _lltiC_e/L

^) ^jM^j^— C^ft£^ '^ [Link]^L

il-s: ^

6670000^ fl^qjL
fdirea
 THE PRECISION OF MEASURED QUANTITIES

COUNTING: Counted quantities are exact. .. (infmite precision!!)

MEASURING: All measured quantities have some degree of uncertainty...(precision is limited)

We can only be as precise as our measuring device allows. The most precise digit we
can record is found by estimating the nearest tenth of the smallest division of the
measuring device. It represents the fmal significant digit in the measurement.

SIGNIFICANT DIGITS: NOT SIGNIFICANT DIGITS:

All non" zero digits All frailing zeros in a whole number
(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) (3500)
All zeros between non-zero digits All Leading zeros in numbers between 1 and -1
(204) (0.0033 or-0.00033)

All trailing zeros right of a decimal point

(2.23000)

BOUNDING:

If an answer has too many significant digits then it must be rounded. To do this we look at the digit to
the right of the digit that must be rounded. If it is..,

>5 round up
<5 round down
= 5 with non-zero digits to the right round up
=: 5 with no non-zero digits to the right round to the nearest even number

Eg. 1: Round to 3 sig. digs. Eg. 2: Round to 2 s.d.

5.417 7.12

Eg,J_i Round to 4 s.d. Eg. 4: Round to 2s.d.

3.214512 3.950

3.2145

3.214500
ROUNMNG WHEN MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING:

^ Round to the same number of s.d, as least precise number given, (must count sig. digs.)

2200
Es. 1: 4.125 x 250 000 = E& 2:
4

0.0034
Eg. 3:
6.12xl0;

RQUNDmG_WHENADDING AND SUBTRACTING:

A Round to the same place value as the least precise quantity, (must line up the decimal point)

Eg. 1: 101314.6+400.315 E^ 201030-54100

Eg. 3: 3014+26
EXERCISE A

1. INDICATE THE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT OIGIT5 IN EACH OF

TH£ FCILLOWXNC: -

A. 5600 F. 430.150
8. 40,02 G. G.001
C . 350 . H. 20.40
a. 0.0030 I. 0.003010
£. 0.103 j. aooaoa

/Z. STATE EACH OF THE [Link] STANQAflQ NQTATI ON ANO

CORRECT TQ TH£ RIGHT NUM8EFI OF SIGNIF-ICANT OICITS.

91000 '
a. g.o x io~11 x C3.Q ?< 107:)
26
O.Oi7B8
a. £. ZOO x SO x SaOO x 3SOO
1.44 x 10

c. la" x io"A x 10 F. 3 x 10 + la9

icT" x iau x ia'

3. SIMPLIFY ANO STATE THE QRQ£R OF MAGNITUDE FOR EACH

OF THE FOLLOWING:-

a
3 ^ -ICT -t 6 x 1.0

a. 3 x la + a.4 ^ jia

C. 11452 -f 68G

0. 4.5x8.6x5.7
2.4 x 0.06

e. C Cia4]-2]3
-24
10
 EXERCISE a

SIMPLIFY ANQ EXPRESS YOUR ANSWER IN SCIENTIFIC [Link] WITH

THE RIGHT NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.
4
,1. id x 10 ^

32
2. 10 x 10°--

3. ID6 10'-6. ^

103 4
4 . x 10
4
5. 10 10'B ^

6 . 2 x -10 + B x 108

7. 4.5 x 10 + 30 x 10

8. 1 . 2 x 10s +0.4 x 10

-4 . _ _ . _ -3
9. 3. £ x 10 '+0.3x10

10. Z.5 x 10 4- 3 x 10~2

11. 6.4 x 10~1 - Z x 10"

1Z. 3.3 x ID" - 3 x 10"

13. 5.0 x 10" -!.£>; 10"

14. ClO :)

15. Cio 3D

16. 1.5 >; 10 + 1.3 fx 103

^
3. 0 X 10
2 A°3
17. c 0 . 3 x _A°2 } 40 x
-z -1
Z. 4 X 10 + 4 . 5 -x 10

-z 3
18. 0 .30 x 10' + 40 x 10
4.01 x 10

i9' r 1 .43 x ^ "f- 5.6 x 10" \

z
4.3 x 10'

20. ClO^ + ClO'^}1'

Ciol/2]4
EXERCISE A

1. INDICATE THE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT DIGITS IN EACH OF

THE FOLLOWING: -

A . 5600 2_ F. [Link]
Q. 40,02 G. ^ooi
c. 350. H. 20.40 M.
0. 0.0030 I. 0.003010
E. 0.103 J. aooooo I

a. STATE EACH OF THE FOLLOW [Link] ISTANOARO'NOTATIOMJANO

CORRECT TO THE flIGHT NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANr~OIGITS.

A .
91000 5^!03j a. .9.0 x io~11 x [3,0 x 10 ]2= ^1<10S
BB
0.01728 1.10 x |0'
it
B. E. ZOO x 50 x 6000 x 3SDO ^ ^x 10'
1.44 x 10

10s x 'Id11 x X0~4 F. 3 x 10s -h 109 ^ | \(f

Dm
c,

10~" x 10" x 10'

SIMPLIFT AND STATE THE OROER OF MAGNITUO£ FOR EACH

OF THE FOLLOWING:-

A 3 x 10
Q ^ x^-oc
6 x 10 =
10
B 3 x 10 ^ Z.4 x 10.10 2^ ^ 16
c 11452 + 680 ^ LZ13 y ^O4
0 4.5 x 8.6 x 5.7
2.4 x [Link]
z ^- \^

C Cia4]-^3
.Z4
10
 EXERCISE 5

SIMPLIFY AND EXPRESS YOUR ANSWER IN SCIENTIFIC NOTATION WITH

THE RIGHT NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT DIGITS. ~~~- •--..

1. 10" x 10 ^ 10'

2.
l03a x 10 ^ 10
3\-

il
3. IOB - 10-6 . \-b
-I
4 . 10 x 10-4= 10
5. 10 B - o*
10

6, 2 x 10s ^ 6 x 10 -= ^ -^10'

7. 4.5 x 10 ^ 30 x 106 z^\^

Q. 1.2 x 10B + 0.4 x 10 -^ $~^10'

9. 3.2 x 10 .3 x ID"3 -=.[ (^ ^ i0^

-2 -2
10. Z.5 x 10 3 x 10 fr^ iGT'L
-1 -2 -I
11. 6.4 x 10 Z x 10 <Li'- 10

12 9.3 x 1D~3 ^ 3 x 10 •= Jx 10

13. 5.0 x 10~2 - 1.3 x 10~3 ^^x icr2-

14. Cio }~4 ^ (.0'^

is, Cio 33E ^ 0'

16. 1.5 x 10 + 1.3 x 103

3.0 x 10
-2 m y ic^j

17 - C 0.3 x 10 3 - 40 x 103 ^

B.4 x 10~a + 4.5-x 10-1

^^ w
18. D.30 x 10" ^ ^O x 10"

4.01 x 10
I x I D"

2
1.43 x 10" ^ 5.6 x 10~-

4.3 x 10'
:z—"' 3 hr x ^1
za. Cio 32 Cloa31/a
s". o"~»

try:
fv^.^
Clol/V 10 6

-^y-
Ex C:

1. (2.55xl04)(3.6xl0"2)

2. (4xl0-2)(17xl04)

3. (7.2xl0'8)-(8.4xl0-2)

4. (2.1xl020)m(1.41xl06)

5. (5.55xl0-12)(3.76xl0"42)

6. 20145-700

7. 413-5000

8. 1242+710

9. 3 100000+450000

10. 140+16

11. 31-2000

12. 0.073+0.51

13. 0.6+10

14. 0.0600+1.4321

15. 6.4-3.67

16. 0.5-0.0723

17. 1-0.511

18. 7.01-0.3640
Ex C:

1. (2.55xl04)(3.6xl0~2) "

2. (4xl0~2)(17xl04)

3. (7.2xl0-8)-(8.4xl0-2)

4. (2.1xl020)-(1.41xl06)

5. (5.55xl0-12)(3.76xl0~42)

6. 20145-700 ".

7. 413-5000 -.. ^coo

8. 1242+710 -= WO

9. 3 100000+450000 --

10. 140+16 ^ ^o

11. 31-2000 - /[Link]

12. 0.073+0.51 . ^.z

13. 0.6+10 ~ lu

14. 0.0600+1.4321 - i-H

15. 6.4-3.67 -. 2.1-

16. 0.5-0.0723 - 0.4

17. 1-0.511 ^ O

18. 7.01-0.3640 -- Li-: