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Andhra Pradesh- Vishnu Kundins
Vishnukundina dynasty was also Known as Vinukundina dynasty. Vishnukundina dynasty was an Indian dynasty based in Deccan,
which ruled modern Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and parts of South India

venkatarao Published On March 23rd, 2024

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Ancient History- Vishnu Kundins

Vishnukundina Dynasty : The Vishnukundina dynasty is also known as Vinukundina dynasty. The Vishnukundina dynasty was an
Indian dynasty in the Deccan region that ruled parts of modern-day Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and parts of southern India.
According to history, the Vishnukundina dynasty came to power in the Deccan in the 5th and 6th centuries. There are different
arguments about the founders of the Vishnukundina dynasty, mainly Sriparvataswamy and Mallikarjuna, but some argue that they are
the same. The dynasty first ruled from Indrapalanagara or (Shukrapuram) (present-day Nalgonda district in Telangana), then moved to
Dendulur and Bejawada (Vijayawada). In this article we are providing complete details about Vishnukundina dynasty. Read full article
for more details.

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Details of Vishnu Kundinula

The Vishnukundina dynasty is also known as the Vishnukundina dynasty. The details of Vishnukundina Raja Vamsa are given in the
table below. History says that the kingdom was established in AD 358.

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the founder Indravarma (Maharajendravarma)

Royal emblem A lion with raised claws

Royal bribery Famous as devotees of Sri Parvataswamy

Capitals Amarapuram
Indrapalanagaram
Dendulur
Bejwada

royal language Sanskrit

religion Vaishnavism

Uniqueness Encouraging Human Sacrifice (Madhavavarma-2)

great Madhava Varma-II (The Golden Age of Administration)

the last one Manchana Bhattarak

sculpture Undavalli Caves

Evidence of history of Vishnukundins

Literary sources:

1. Janashraya Chandowichitti,
2. Texts called Setubandha

Legal Evidence:

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Name of the statute area

1. Tummala Gudem Copper Inscriptions Waligonda Mandal,

Nalgonda District

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2. Chaitanyapuri rock inscription Hyderabad District

3. Keesara Gutta Rock Inscription Ranga Reddy District

4. Saleswaram Rock Inscription Amrabad Mandal,

Mahbubnagar Jalla

Vishnu is the ruler of the Kundins

1. Indra Varma (Maharajendra Varma):

Majority of historians are of opinion that Indravarma was the founder of Vishnu Kundins.
He built the capital called Indrapuram. Now it is known as Indrapalapuram.

2. First Madhava Varma:

He was the son of Rajendravarma. During his time he expanded the kingdom to Amarpuram, Keesara and Bhuvanagiri.
He married the Vakatakula princess.
He carved the caves of Undavalli, Bhairavakona and Mughal Rajpuram.
According to the Polamuru inscription he had the title Vikram Mahendra.

3. Govinda Varma :

One of the first kings of the Vishnukundins.

He ruled with Indrapalpuram as his capital.
A Mahavihara was built for Buddhist monks at Indrapalapuram in the name of his pattamahishi Mahadevi.
Govindavarma donated the villages of Penkapara and Enmadala for this vihara.
Venendendra Bhattakaravarma (the second Venendendravarma) who came later donated the village 'Irundera' to this vihara.
He built a fort temple of Lord Vishnu atop Keesaragutta/Kesarigutta. Kesari means lion. Their royal seal was also found in this area.
A Prakrit inscription was found on the shore of the closed one.

4. Madhava Varma II:

1. The most famous of the Vishnukundinula kings. During his time the kingdom extended up to the river Narmada.
2. As a symbol of each victory he achieved, he installed one Shiva Lingam on top of Keesaragutta.
3. He built Ramalingeshwara temple wherever he won.
4. According to the Velpur inscription, it is known that he worshiped Ganapati (Danthamukha Swami).
5. Undavalli carved Purnakumbha in the caves.
6. Her titles are: Trishamudrapati, Trivaranagara Bhavanagata Sundari Hrudayanandana.

5. Indra Bhattaraka Varma (Second Indra Varma)

He founded the Ghatikeshwara Ghatikasthana (Vedic poet schools) near Keesara Gutta.
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In the Somaveda written by Uddankudu, Indrabhattaraka Varma mentions the establishment of Vedic Vidyalayas called "Ghatikalu" .

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6. Venendendra Bhattaraka Varma (Second Venendendra Varma)

He donated the village of Irundera to the Vihara built by Govindavarma's wife Mahadevi at Indrapalapuram .
He donated the village of Tundi to the Brahmins .
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6. Manchana Bhattaraka Varma

He was the last of the Vishnukundinus.

The "Tandivada" inscription reveals that Manchana Bhattarakuna was defeated by Prithvimula Maharaja and occupied the kingdom.

Administration of Vishnu Kundinula

During the time of the Vishnukundins, the country was divided into states and subjects for administrative convenience. Land
measurement was carried out using 'practice' as the unit of measurement. Rajjuka officers used to measure land.
Each state was headed by a Rashtrik. This administrative system is based on the principles mentioned in the Yajnavalkya Smriti.
Devotees of Vishnu demonstrated their devotion by donating lands and agraharas (residences of educated Brahmins) to temples,
Vedic scholars and Vipras to support and promote their lineage.
There was an officer called “Phaladaru” who used to collect sistu on land and assess Mairayu sistu. There was a “setti” to calculate
the income.
In times of war, Brahmins showed their commitment by donating land, gold, and agraharas to fellow Brahmins. Similarly, they made
donations during important events such as going to war, after victory and during solar and lunar eclipses.

Justice of Vishnukundins
The 'Polamuru' inscription gives fascinating details about the period of Madhavavarma 3 who had the honorific title of 'Avasita Vishta
Divya'. This title signifies that justice is administered without any bias and all persons are treated equally in the court of law. Notably, this
principle was so deeply upheld that even the ruler's youngest son faced the ultimate punishment of 'death' when found guilty. It
exemplified the notion that everyone, regardless of their social status or family ties, stood on equal footing before the law.

Trade of the Vishnukundins

During the time of the Vishnukundins , a diverse series of 16 types of coins existed, the coins were mainly made of copper-plated iron.
This currency system facilitated flourishing trade, which led to the prosperity of cottage industries. Society is characterized by many
occupations, different classes of people foster an environment conducive to economic growth.

During the reign of Madhavvarma II, Trisamudrapati, famous port towns bustled with activity, attracting foreign traders from far and wide.
The ruler generously supported these merchants, providing them with all the facilities they needed to run their business smoothly. This
promoted vigorous international trade and further boosted the economic status of the region.

Buddhism in the time of Vishnukundins

During the time of the Vishnukundins, Buddhism spread throughout the kingdom and the Vishnukundins were the last Telugu kings to
practice Buddhism. King Govinda Varma supported Buddhism and did many administrative programs in the kingdom. Traces related to
Mahayana Buddhism were found at Keesaragutta. A six-line Prakrit inscription was found on a large rock near the Kosagundla
Narasimhaswamy cave in Telangana. Dijnaga is mentioned in Megha Sandesh by Kali Dasa and he wrote Pramana Samuchchayam.
He is considered to be the last of the Buddhist scholars from the Telugu regions.

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