GOLGI APPARATUS & RIBOSOMES

PREPARED BY
DR.JAVERIA.M.ARIF
CLINICAL PHARMACIST/LECTURER
PHARM-D,M-PHIL (PHARMACY
PRACTICE)
GOLGI APPARATUS
◾ Golgi apparatus or complex is a collection of membranous
vesicles, sacs or tubules which is generally located close to the
nucleus.
◾ It is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
◾ Golgi apparatus is particularly well developed in exocrine
glandular cells
 GOLGI APPARATUS

FUNCTIONS
Its main functions are:
Synthesis of carbohydrates and complex proteins.
Packaging of proteins synthesized in the rough ER into vesicles.
Site of formation of lysosomal enzymes.
FUNCTIONS

◾ Transport of the material to the other parts of cell or to the

cell surface membrane and secretion.
◾ Glycosylation of proteins to form glycoproteins.
RIBOSOMES

◾ Ribosomes are spherical particles which contain 80–85% of the

cell’s ribonucleic acid (RNA).
◾ They may be present in the cytosol as free (unattached) or in
bound form (attached to the membrane of endoplasmic
reticulum).
◾ Slightly smaller form of ribosomes is also found in
mitochondria.
FUNCTIONS

◾ They are the site of protein synthesis.

◾ They synthesize all transmembrane proteins, secreted proteins
and most proteins that are stored in the Golgi apparatus,
lysosomes and endosomes
 LYSOSOMES

◾ Lysosomes are rounded to oval membrane bound organelles

containing powerful lysosomal digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes.
◾ They are formed by the Golgi apparatus, as many as 40
different lysosomal enzymes have been synthesized.
◾ Lysosomes are particularly abundant in cells involved
in phagocytic activity, e.g. neutrophils and macrophages
FORMS OF LYSOSOMES & FUNCTION
◾ PRIMARY LYSOSOMES OR STORAGE VACUOLES are
formed from the various hydrolytic enzymes synthesized by
rough ER and packaged in the Golgi apparatus.
◾ SECONDARY LYSOSOMES OR AUTOPHAGIC
VACUOLES are formed by fusion of primary lysosomes with
parts of damaged or worn out cell components.
◾ RESIDUAL BODIES are undigestible materials in
the lysosomes.
PEROXISOMES

◾ Peroxisomes, also known as microbodies, are spherical

structures enclosed by a single layer of unit membrane.
◾ These are predominantly present in hepatocytes and tubular
epithelial cell.
FUNCTIONS

◾ They essentially contain two types of enzymes:

◾ Oxidases which are active in oxidation of lipid.
◾ Catalases which act on hydrogen peroxide to liberate oxygen.
CENTROSOME

◾ The centrosome consists of two short cylindrical structures

called centrioles. It is situated near the centre of the cell close to
the nucleus.
FUNCTION
◾ The centrioles are responsible for movement of chromosomes
during cell division.
◾ THANKYOU