MATH

PROJECT
BY JUANFER, GAEL, EMILIANO AND MAYA
SECTION A
SURVEY
 INVESTIGATION (1)
In a census, data about all individual units (e.g. people or households)
are collected in the population. In a survey, data are only collected for
a sub-part of the population; this part is called a sample. These data
are then used to estimate the characteristics of the whole population.
Based ond this we believe this is a survey considering that a census is
much more extensive and collect all individual uni of information we
also use the fact regarding these definitions: A population is the entire
group that you want to draw conclusions about. A sample is the
specific group that you will collect data from. Based from this we
support the fact that it is a survey since it doesent collect information
on the whole population but on a certain group of people.
VARIABLES
A categorical variable is a type of variable in statistics that can take on a limited number of
distinct groups or categories. It assigns individuals or units of observation to specific groups
based on qualitative characteristics. Examples include race, sex, age group, educational level,
and hair color. Categorical variables have no inherent order among the categories.

A quantitative continuous variable is a numerical variable that can take on an infinite

number of values within a specific range, it includes height, weight, temperature, and
speed.

A discrete quantitative variable is one that can only take specific numeric values (rather than
any value in an interval), but those numeric values have a clear quantitative interpretation.
Examples of discrete quantitative variables are number of needle punctures, number of
pregnancies and number of hospitalizations.
 TYPES OF GRAPHS
PIE CHART
A pie chart is appropriate to use when
you want to compare parts of a whole.
It is commonly used to represent
categorical or qualitative data. The
main characteristics of a pie chart are:
Proportional Composition: A pie
chart visually represents the
proportional composition of
different categories or groups within
a dataset.
Circular Shape: The chart is circular
in shape, with each category
represented by a slice of the pie.
Angles: The size of each slice is
determined by the proportion of the
category it represents, which is
reflected in the angle it subtends at
the center of the chart.
Labels: Each slice is usually labeled
with the category it represents and
the corresponding percentage or
frequency.
BAR CHART
A bar chart is appropriate to use when you
A frequency polygon chart is appropriate to
want to compare different groups or track
changes over time. It is commonly used to
represent numerical or quantitative data.
commonly used to display large datasets
The main characteristics of a bar chart are:
Comparison: A bar chart visually
characteristics of a frequency polygon chart
compares different categories or groups
by representing them as rectangular
bars.
Independent Data: The categories or
groups being compared are independent
of each other.
Vertical or Horizontal Orientation: The
bars can be oriented vertically or
horizontally, depending on the
preference and clarity of the
representation.
Length or Height: The length or height of
each bar represents the value or
frequency of the category it represents.
Labels: Each bar is usually labeled with
the category it represents and the
corresponding value or frequency.
FREQUENCY POLYGON CHART
use when you want to represent the
distribution of numerical data. It is
with repeated data points. The main
are:
Line Graph: A frequency polygon is a
type of line graph that connects data
points representing the frequencies of
different values or intervals.
Quantitative Data: It is used to represent
large, continuous, quantitative datasets.
X and Y Axes: The horizontal X-axis
represents the values or intervals of the
variable being measured, while the
vertical Y-axis represents the
frequencies.
Connected Points: The data points on the
graph are connected by straight lines in
the order in which they occur.
Shape: The shape of the frequency
polygon can provide insights into the
distribution of the data.
 TYPES OF GRAPHS
HISTOGRAM
A histogram is appropriate to use when you want to
represent the distribution of numerical data. It is
commonly used for large, continuous, quantitative
datasets. The main characteristics of a histogram
are:
Bar Graph: A histogram is a type of bar graph
that represents the frequencies of different
values or intervals.
Quantitative Data: It is used to represent large,
continuous, quantitative datasets.
X and Y Axes: The horizontal X-axis represents
the values or intervals of the variable being
measured, while the vertical Y-axis represents
the frequencies.
Bar Heights: The heights of the bars correspond
to the frequencies or counts of data points
falling within each interval.
No Gaps: The bars in a histogram are typically
adjacent to each other, with no gaps between
them.
BAR CHART
A line chart is appropriate to use when you
want to track changes over time or
compare trends. It is commonly used to
represent numerical or quantitative data.
The main characteristics of a line chart are:
Trends Over Time: A line chart visually
represents trends and changes in data
over a period of time.
Connected Points: Data points on the
graph are connected by straight lines,
emphasizing the continuity and
progression of the data.
X and Y Axes: The horizontal X-axis
represents the time increments or
independent variable, while the vertical
Y-axis represents the values or
dependent variable being measured.
Comparison: Line charts can also be
used to compare changes over the same
period of time for more than one group.
 Based on our previos research we believe that the best way
to representt our data form the survey would be this:
1. Marital status: For representing data of marital status, the most
appropriate chart would be a bar chart. A bar chart is used for
comparing data of large or more complex items, making it helpful to
seeing different information about marital status.
2. Age group: For representing age group, the best chart type would be a
bar chart or a histogram. Both chart types can represent frequencies
of different categories. A bar chart is good for showing a bar in each
age group category, and a histogram is used for continuous numbers .
3. Monthly income: For monthly income, we also think the best chart to
use would be a bar chart. With the reasons stated before.
4. Number of people living with you (including yourself): For people living
with you, the best chart would also be a bar chart. Considering that in
bar charts reading and understanding the information can be easier
and it also charts everything correctly.
MODE, MEAN, MEDIAN, RANGE, AND MEAN DEVIATION
Mode:
The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset.
There is no specific formula the way to get it is to observe the value that constantly appears
Mean (average):
The mean is the average of a data set and is calculated by summing all the values and dividing by the total number of
values.
Formula: mean = (Sum of all values) / (Number of values)
Median:
The median is the middle value in a dataset when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order.

Formula: In order to calculate the median first, organize and order the data from smallest to largest. To find the midpoint
value, divide the number of observations by two. If there is an odd number of observations, round that number up, and the
value in that position is the median there also is the formula that is: When the number of values is odd: Median = ((n + 1) /
2)th observation When the number of values is even: Median = Average of the (n / 2)th and ((n / 2) + 1)th observations

Range:
The range is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset.
Formula: Range = Largest value - Smallest value

Mean Deviation:
The mean deviation measures the average distance between each data point and the mean of the dataset.
Formula: Mean Deviation = (Sum of absolute differences between each value and the mean) / (Number of values)
MODE, MEAN, MEDIAN, RANGE, AND MEAN DEVIATION
FOR THE SET: 123, 125, 127, 129, 120, 120, 124, 125, 127, 128

MODE=120,125,127
MEAN=130.8
MEDIAN=125
RANGE=9
MEAN DEVIATION=5.98