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LAWS OF THE GAME DOCUMENTS HISTORY WORK OF IFAB NEWS 18
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HISTORY OF THE IFAB HISTORY OF THE LAWS OF THE GAME

History of
the Laws of the Game

Birth of Modern Football (1863 - 1970) 1990 - 2000

Towards Fair Play (1970 - 1980) Among other changes, the period 1990-2000 brought
notable additions to the Laws of the Game like the
Streamlining the Game (1980 - 1990) introduction of professional foul, simulation, back-
pass rule and further adjustments in fouls and
Professional Foul and Simulation (1990 - 2000) misconduct laws.

Modern Era Football (2001 - 2016)

1990
SHINGUARDS
The basic compulsory equipment of a player consists of a jersey or
shirt, shorts, socks, shinguards and footwear (pertinent
OUR USE OF COOKIES
qualification regarding shinguards included). I agree
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OFFSIDE
A player is offside unless he/she is not nearer to the opponents’
goal-line than at least two of his/her opponents, or unless he
receives the ball directly from a goal kick, a corner kick or a throw-
in.

A player who is level with the second-last opponent or with the

last two opponents is not in an offside position.

PROFESSIONAL FOUL
If a player moving towards his opponents' goal with an obvious
opportunity to score a goal is intentionally and physically impeded
by unlawful means (an offence punishable by a free kick or a
penalty kick), and his team is thus denied a goal-scoring
opportunity, the offending player is sent off the field for serious
foul play.

1992
BACK-PASS
Tactics used during the 1990 FIFA World Cup indicated that still
more modifications were necessary. Therefore, since 1992 the
goalkeeper is not permitted to touch the ball with hands on any
occasion when a team-mate deliberately kicked the ball to this
goalkeeper. If the goalkeeper touches the ball with the hands in
such a situation, the opposing team is awarded an indirect free
kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred.
This rule garnered some scepticism at first, but would later come
to be commonly appreciated.

1993
COACHES
The coach may convey tactical instructions to players during the
match. The coach and other team officials must remain within the
confines of the technical area and behave “in a responsible
manner”.

1995
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SUBSTITUTIONS
In any match played in an official competition, the maximum
number of substitutions allowed is three.

OFFSIDE CHANGES
It is not an offence in itself to be in an offside position. A player in
an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched by
a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play
by: interfering with play, interfering with an opponent, or gaining an
advantage by being in the offside position.

1996
NUMBER OF SUBSTITUTIONS
The competition rules must state how many substitutes may be
named, from three to a maximum of seven.

1998
TACKLE FROM BEHIND
A tackle from behind which endangers the safety of an opponent
must be sanctioned as serious foul play. Serious foul play is
punishable by a sending-off (red card).

1999
SIMULATION
Any simulating action anywhere on the field, which is intended to
deceive the referee, must be sanctioned as unsporting behaviour

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