PDF Created With Pdffactory Pro Trial Version

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪2008‬‬
‫‪ISSN: 1991-8941‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻴـﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺠـﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل‪2008/6/20 :‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ‪2007/12/12 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﺼﺒﻭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻠﻜﻲ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬـﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻴﺤﻅﻰ ﺒﺘﺄﻴﻴﺩ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻙ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺤﻴـﺩ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺜﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺜـل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨـﺎ" ﻭﺠﻬـﻭﺩﺍ" ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ" ﺤﻭﺍﺭﺍ" ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺼـﻼ" ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻐﻴـﺔ ﺘﻀﻴﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ" ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺼل ﻭﻴﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴــﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻘـﺩﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ" ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﻭل ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻴﺤﻅﻰ ﺒﺈﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺼﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻷﺭﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻷﻫﻠﺔ ﺃﺸـﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺼﺎﺩ ﺒﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻭﻤـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ)‪ ،(1‬ﻭﻤـﻥ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺼﺒﻭﺍ ﻭﻨﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻨﺤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻗـﺩ ﻴﺴﺘﻐﺭﻕ ﻭﻗﺘﺎ" ﻁﻭﻴﻼ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺤﻥ ﻨﺄﻤل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘـﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1990‬ﻡ ﻭﻟﺤــﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺤﺩﻭﺩﺍ" ﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪ .‬ﺘﻭﻟﺩﺕ ﻟﺩﻱ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺃﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟـﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻙ ﻭﺘﺴﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤل ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻼﺒﺴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻁﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻠﻜﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴـﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﻼل ﺃﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭﻱ ﺃﻤـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﻏﻭﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻁﻤﻭﺡ ﻭﻴﺤل ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﻜﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪ . 1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺜﻴﺙ ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻠﻜﻲ ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﻤﺜـل ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻤﺘـﺩ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻔﻘﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﺍل ﻟﺤـﺩ ﺍﻵﻥ)‪ ،(4،3‬ﻟﻡ ﻴﺜﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺠـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺭﺅﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻏﺭﻭﺏ ﺸـﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻴـﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺒﺎﺤﺜﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻜل ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺒﻘﻠﻴل ﺃﻭ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺨـﺭﻯ ‪ .‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪2008‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻴﻤﻨﺤـﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬـﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﺠـﺎل ﺍﻟـﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻌـﺽ‬ ‫‪ . 2‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻷﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻜﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺒﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺩﻗﻴـﻕ ﻫـﻲ ﺃﺸـﻬﺭ ﺭﻤـﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺸـﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﻥ ﻓﻘﻁ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺠـﺩﺭ ﺒﻨـﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ" ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴـﺔ ﺸـﻬﺭ ﺸـﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﺍﻟﻴـﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻟﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺩﻋﻡ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻘـﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘـﺸﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸـﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸـﻬﺭ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻜﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺒﻌـﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﻼل ﺸـﻬﺭ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻟﻪ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻋـﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺨﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤـﺩ‪ -‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍ" ﻓﺎﻋﻼ" ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﺱ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺤﺼل ﺃﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺭﺅﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻬـﻼل‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺭ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺅﻴــﺔ ﺍﻟـﺸـﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﻫﻼل ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻭﻟﺩ ﺃﺼـﻼ"‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻨﻌﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺃﻜﻤﺎل ﻋـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻌـﺩ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ" ﻟﻠﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭﻫﻡ ﻴﻌﻠﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺭ ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺜﻼﺜـﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ" ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺃﻤﺭ ﻗﻁﻌﻴﺎ" ﻭﻟـﻴﺱ ﺃﻤـﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﺸـﻬﺭ‬
‫ﻅﻨﻴﺎ" ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﻻﺩﺘﻪ ﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺃﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫‪ . 4‬ﻻ ﻴﺤﺼل ﺃﻱ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻫﻼل ﺸـﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﻜﻤﺎل ﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟـﺸﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺜﻼﺜﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤـﺎ" ﺒـﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻅـﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴـﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻨـﻭﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺃﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﺠﻤـﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺞ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻜل ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﺠﺩﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺨﻔـﻑ ﻭﻴﻘﻠـل‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻨﺘﺨﺫ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒﺎ" ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴـﺔ ﺸـﻬﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﺠﻤـﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺩﺍﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺸﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸﻬﺭ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺞ ﺒﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫‪ . 3‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺕ ﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ 15‬ﻋﺎﻡ)‪ ،(5‬ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪ . 5‬ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻬﺘﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻫﻼل ﺸﻬﺭ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ" ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻁـﺭﺃ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻤﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻴﺴﻌﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺒﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﻉ ﺒﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻀﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺍﻟـﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻤﻅـﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺠﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺼﺩﻴﻥ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟـﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻼل‪ -‬ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍ" ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ" ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻔﻀﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺠﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﻓﻴﺘﻭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﺼﻭل ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴـﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺒﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺃﻭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻤﻨﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺃﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻻ ﻴﺒﺤﺜﻭﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻻﻨﻌﺩﺍﻡ ﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻭ ‪ .‬ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺒل ﻴﻔﺘﺸﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔـﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋـﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺅﺨﺫ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜـﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﻨـﻭﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻘﺩﻤﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ" ﻟـﺩﻯ ﺒﻌـﺽ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﺒـﺩﺍﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻴـﻥ ﻴﺅﻴﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺒﺸـﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻟﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻤـﺕ ﺒﺜﺒـﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ" ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺘﻁﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻥ ﻀﻌﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻔـﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺅﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻤﻼ" ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺂﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﻤﻊ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺼﻐﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪2008‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟـﺔ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺤﺼل ﻤﻨﺫ ﺯﻤﻥ‪.‬ﻤـﻥ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒل ﺘﻭﺠـﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺸﻬﺭ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻭﻟﺩ ﻫﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺎ" ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺎ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻨﺠـﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺤﻴـﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴـﺔ ﺸـﻬﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﻴﻐﺭﺏ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺃﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺭﺅﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺎ" ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺸﺭﻋﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟـﺭﺅﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ ﻗﺒل ﻟﺫﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﺼـﺔ" ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ) ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸـﻬﺭ ﺸـﻌﺒﺎﻥ (‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺃﻤﺭ ﻗﻁﻌﻴﺎ" ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻅﻨﻴﺎ" ﻜﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل ﻤﺩﺓ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺭﻤـﻀﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ)‪ ،(6‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺃﺴﻬل ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‪(8،7،2) :‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ‪ .‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﺴـﻭﻑ ﻴﻘﻠـﺹ‬ ‫ﻉ = ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺒﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫*‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺭﻱ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﻭﺍل ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻴـﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃ = ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺏ = ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻬﻼل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻷﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ = ﻤﻜﺙ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻗﺎﺌﻕ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺈﻜﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻨﻘﺘـﺭﺡ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺴـﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺜﺒﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﻗﺒل = ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻗﺒل ﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﺸﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻜﻤﺎل ﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﻨﺎﻁ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﺍﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻨﺠـﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪12‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭﻴـﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴـﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺤﺼﻠﺕ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺜﺒـﻭﺕ ﺭﺅﻴـﺔ ﺸــﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒـﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ ﺘﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻜل ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ ‪.‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠـﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺒﺴـﻁ ﻭﺃﻜﺜـﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﻀﻭﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﺤـﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻠﻜـﻲ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺘﺴـﺎﻫﻼ" ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺃﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ %35‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ 34‬ﺤﺎﻟـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻘﺩ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍ" ﺃﻭ ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﻤﻭﺴــﻌﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺫﺍ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻏﺭﺍﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ ﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘـﻭﻡ ﺒﺠﻤﻊ ﻜل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻭﻟـﺩ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﻭﻓﻘـﺎ" ﻟﻠﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺼﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓـﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻕ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻴﻐـﺭﺏ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺘﻤﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻴـﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻼل ﻓﻲ ﻤـﺴﺎﺀ ﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺃﻥ ﻤﺜـل ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻭﻗﻔﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴـﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻴـﻭﻡ ﺒـﺩﺀ ﺍﻟـﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﻤﻭﺴﻊ ﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﻨﺤـﻥ ﻨﻌـﻴﺵ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺼﺩ ﺍﻷﻫﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨـﺭﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﺤﻘـﻕ ﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ" ﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻌﺠـل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺇﻋـﻼﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﻌﻠﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﻓﺘﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﻭل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﻌـﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ) ﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ ( ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒـﻪ ﻜـل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺎ" ﻓﺘﻀﻁﺭ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺩﻓــﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺸـﻬﺭ ﺭﻤـﻀﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺨﻠﻑ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻋﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﻤﻊ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺸﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺒـﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﻴﻌﻠـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻲ ﻓﺘﺘـﺄﺨﺭ ﺒﻴـﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻴـﻭﻤﻴﻥ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔـﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‪.‬ﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺩﺭ ﺠـﺩﺍ" ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﺤـﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎ" ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎ" ﻤـﻥ ﻗﺒـل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻴـﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﺤـﺩ ﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻟـﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﻫـﺫﻩ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪2008‬‬
‫‪ . 5‬ﺃﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤـﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‪.‬ﻭ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪2000– 1990‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻨـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬
‫‪ . 6‬ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻨـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﻭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺩ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﺌﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺂﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺭﻏﺒﻭﻥ‬
‫‪1988‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺩﻻﺀ ﺒﺩﻟﻭﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨـﺔ‬
‫‪ . 7‬ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﻴـﺩ ﻤﺠﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺠـﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ‪1988‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﻭﻴـﻡ ﺃﻭﺍﺌل ﺍﻷﺸـﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ . 1‬ﺠﺭﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻴـﺩ ﻤﺤﻤـﻭﺩ ‪2000‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻴــﺎﺭ‬
‫ـﻼﻤﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺍﻹﺴـ‬
‫ـﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴـ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴـ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴـﺩ ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺅﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻬـﻼل ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤـﺕ‬
‫ـﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌـ‬
‫ـﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴـ‬
‫ـﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟـ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪1988‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2 . The astronomical Almanac, 1988‬‬
‫‪ . 8‬ﺠﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ‪2000‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ ﺃﻭﺍﺌـل‬ ‫‪– 2000.‬‬
‫‪3 . Ilyas. M. 1988, Astr and‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪Astrophs. 206, 133.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ‪2000‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪4 . Schaefer, B.E. 1988, J.R.Astro.‬‬
‫‪Soc. 29, 511.‬‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻫﻼل ﺸﻬﺭﻱ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻟﻸﻋﻭﺍﻡ ﻤﻥ ‪ 1425 – 1408‬ﻫــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴـــﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬــﻼل ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴـﺎﻋـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻬــــﻼل ﻓﻘـــــــﺎ"‬
‫ﻴــﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸــﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒــﺔ ﻓﻠﻜﻴــﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻭﻻﺩﺓ *‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴــــــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔــﻠﻜـــﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻫــ‬
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘــﺎﺭﻴــﺦ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1988/4/16‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1988/4/16‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1408‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﻗﺒل‬ ‫‪53‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪1988/5/16‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪1988/5/16‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ *‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪1989/4/6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪1989/4/6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1409‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1989/5/5‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪1989/5/5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪1990/3/27‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪1990/3/26‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1410‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪1990/4/25‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪1990/4/25‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪1991/3/16‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪1991/3/16‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1411‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪1991/4/15‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪1991/4/14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1992/3/4‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪1992/3/4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1412‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪1992/4/3‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1992/4/3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1993/2/21‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪1993/2/21‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1413‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪1993/3/23‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1993/3/23‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫‪1414‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪1994/3/12‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪1994/3/12‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1995/1/31‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪1995/1/31‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1415‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1996/1/20‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪1996/1/20‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1416‬‬
‫ﻟﻡ ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1996/2/18‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪1996/2/19‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ *‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫‪1417‬‬
‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1997/2/7‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪1997/2/7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﻗﺒل‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪1997/12/30‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪1997/12/29‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1418‬‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1998/12/19‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫‪1998/12/19‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ *‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1419‬‬
‫ﺘﺜﺒﺕ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1999/1/17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪1999/1/17‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﻗﺒل‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1999/12/8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪1999/12/8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ*‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫‪1420‬‬
‫ﻟﻡ ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2000/1/6‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪2000/1/6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬

  2008
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴـــﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬــﻼل ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴـﺎﻋـﺔ‬ "‫ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻬــــﻼل ﻓﻘـــــــﺎ‬

‫ﻴــﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒــﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸــﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒــﺔ ﻓﻠﻜﻴــﺎ‬ * ‫ﺍﻟـﻭﻻﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴــــــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔــﻠﻜـــﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻫــ‬
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘــﺎﺭﻴــﺦ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ 33 7 6 14 2000/11/26 2 11 2000/11/26 * ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
1421
‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ‬ 0 0 0 0 2000/12/25 20 22 2000/12/25 ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ 20 5 3 7 2001/11/15 9 40 2001/11/15 ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
1422
‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ‬ 0 0 0 0 2001/12/14 23 48 2001/12/14 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ‬ 0 0 0 0 2002/11/4 23 24 2002/11/4 ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
1423
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ 6 5 1 6 2002/12/4 10 35 2002/12/4 ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ 4 0 1 2 2003/10/25 15 49 2003/10/25 ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
1424
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﻗﺒل‬ 21 9 4 17 2003/11/24 2 58 2003/11/24 * ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺕ‬ 14 0 3 12 2004/10/14 5 46 2004/10/14 ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
1425
‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ‬ 0 6 0 0 2004/11/12 17 25 2004/11/12 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺸــﻭﺍل‬
Scientific Astronomical Criteria for the Crescent Visibility and Actual

sighting.
Majeed M. Jarad
E.mail: majeedjarad@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The main goal to which we aspire is to reach a unified scientific astronomical
criteria in order to determine the possibility of a sighting of the crescent newborn which
support by the majority of astronomers and scholars of religion in order to work on the
standardization of our events Islamic religious sites, as is the case in determining the
beginning of the holy month of Dhul Hijjah, which does not differ by two in the Islamic
world. To reach such criteria requires cooperation between the scientific astronomers and
the religious scholars in order to narrow the differences and inequalities that often
happening. The differences could be two days and in some cases three days. In this study
we offer some observations and recommendations on this subject.
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

PDF Created With Pdffactory Pro Trial Version

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PDF Created With Pdffactory Pro Trial Version

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪2008‬‬

‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴـــﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬــﻼل ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴـﺎﻋـﺔ‬ "‫ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻬــــﻼل ﻓﻘـــــــﺎ‬

Scientific Astronomical Criteria for the Crescent Visibility and Actual

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

You might also like