DCA30142

BUILDING SERVICES 2
TOPIC 1:
AIR-CONDITIONING AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(ACMV) SYSTEM
 TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students must be able to:

1.1 Apply knowledge of air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV)

system into design-based task (people habitat/ community building):
1.1.1 Define air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system
1.1.2 Explain types of ACMV system in Malaysia
1.1.3 Explain requirement of ACMV system
1.1.4 Explain space provision of ACMV equipment and components
1.1.5 Identify appropriate types of ACMV system in a building
1.1.6 Construct diagram of ACMV system in a building with appropriate label
and explanation
 TODAY’S LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this session, students must be able to:

1.1 Apply knowledge of air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV)

system into design-based task (people habitat/ community building):
1.1.1 Define air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system
1.1.2 Explain types of ACMV system in Malaysia
1.1.3 Explain requirement of ACMV system
1.1.4 Explain space provision of ACMV equipment and components
CONTENT OF TODAY’S LECTURE
1. Definition of ACMV system
2. Types of ACMV system in Malaysia
3. Requirement of ACMV system
4. Space provision of ACMV system
Definition of ACMV System
ACMV is stands for Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation.
The system is combination of two system; Air Conditioning and Mechanical
Ventilation.
Air Conditioning System is used to cool air.
Mechanical Ventilation System is used to circulate air.
Therefore ACMV system is a system that used for air cooling and air ventilation
purposes.
Definition of Air Conditioning System
Air conditioning system is a system that treats air in a defined, usually enclosed
area via a refrigeration cycle in which warm air is removed and replaced with
cooler and more humid air. In construction, a complete system of heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as HVAC. To understand on how
the system works, one must understands the Refrigeration Cycle.

Definition of Refrigeration Cycle in Air Conditioning System

Refrigeration Cycle is accomplished by continuously circulating, evaporating,
and condensing a fixed supply of refrigerant in a closed system. Evaporation
occurs at a low temperature and low pressure while condensation occurs at a
high temperature and high pressure. The processes involved are illustrated by
the figure below:
Refrigeration Cycle
 Air Conditioning System

From the Diagram of Refrigeration Cycle, it is observed that it involves FOUR

(4) equipment and components. The equipment and components are;
Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Valve and Evaporator. These are the basic
components that make up any air-conditioner.

Based on the arrangement of these equipment and components, there are TWO
(2) types of air conditioning system:
1. De-Centralized/ Unitary Air Conditioning System
2. Centralized Air Conditioning System
 Air Conditioning System

De-Centralized AC System separates between Condenser and Evaporator.

Hence, Condenser is the outdoor unit (located outside the space) while
Evaporator is the indoor unit (located inside the space).

Based on the methods of installation, there are THREE (3) types of De-
centralized/ Unitary Air Conditioning System:
1. Window Unit
2. Mono Split Unit
3. Multi Split Unit
 Window Unit
De-Centralized/ Unitary Air Conditioning System
 Mono Split Unit
De-Centralized/ Unitary Air Conditioning System
 Multi Split Unit
De-Centralized/ Unitary Air Conditioning System
 Split Unit VS. Multi Split Unit
De-Centralized/ Unitary Air Conditioning System
 Air Conditioning System
Contra to the De-Centralized AC System that separates between Condenser
and Evaporator, the Centralized AC System combines all of the equipment and
components in one place. Therefore, there is no “Indoor Unit” or “Outdoor Unit”
terms in Centralized AC System.

There are 5 types of Centralized Air Conditioning System:

1. Package System
2. Central Chiller
3. Central DX (Direct Expansion) AHU (Air Handling Unit)
4. VRF (Variables Refrigerants Flow) Unit
5. District Cooling Plant
 Package System
Centralized Air Conditioning System
Eg: Unit Psikologi dan Kaunseling, Dewan Kuliah Perdagangan
 Central Chiller
Centralized Air Conditioning System
Eg: Kompleks Sultan Nazrin Shah, Jabatan Penyiaran Malaysia Negeri Perak (RTM Perak)
 Central DX AHU
Centralized Air Conditioning System
Eg: Dewan Kuliah JKA, JKM & JKE
 VRF
Centralized Air Conditioning System
Eg: Hotels
 District Cooling Plant
Centralized Air Conditioning System
Eg: Putrajaya
 Air Conditioning System
The equipment and components in AC system run continuously, therefore they
produce heat. In order to prevent overheating like any other machineries, these
equipment and components need to be cool down.

There are THREE (3) methods of cooling in Air Conditioning System:

1. All air system
2. All water system
3. Air and Water system
 All Air System
Cooling Methods in Air Conditioning System
 All Water System
Cooling Methods in Air Conditioning System
 Air and Water System
Cooling Methods in Air Conditioning System
 Air Conditioning System
There are FIVE (5) equipment and components for air conditioning system:
1. Condenser
2. Compressor
3. Evaporator
4. Expansion Valve
5. Cooling Tower- for Central DX AHU system with water-cooled method

The role of architects and designers is to know this system by understand the
equipment and components involved in term of space provision. For example, in
process of designing a hotel, you as the architect must provide M&E space for the air
conditioning system. Now that you already know the appropriate type of AC for a hotel
is the VRF AC System, therefore you must be able to provide adequate spaces to
locate the equipment and components. Other considerations are; accessibility for
maintenance works, as well as safety and security in and of the spaces.
Definition of Mechanical Ventilation System
Mechanical ventilation system is the process of cooling and circulating interior
air by a non-natural or ‘forced’ means. These include fans, air filters, air
conditioners, which are ventilation technologies that enable interior/ exterior air
exchange.
 Mechanical Ventilation System

There are 3 types of mechanical ventilation system:

1. Supply Ventilation
2. Exhaust Ventilation
3. Balanced/ Combined Ventilation
 Mechanical Ventilation System
Supply Ventilation (mechanical supply and natural extract system)
Commonly used in boiler rooms, offices and factories
 Mechanical Ventilation System
Exhaust Ventilation (natural supply and mechanical extract system)
Commonly used in kitchens, workshops, laboratories, internal sanitary apartments,
garages and assembly halls
 Mechanical Ventilation System
Balanced/ Combined Ventilation (mechanical supply and mechanical extract system)
Commonly used in cinemas, theatres, offices, lecture halls, dance halls, restaurants,
departmental stores, operation theatres, sterilizing rooms and sport centre
Mechanical Ventilation System:
A Comparison
 Mechanical Ventilation System

There are SEVEN (7) equipment for mechanical ventilation system:

1. Fans
2. Blowers
3. Filters
4. Ducts
5. Fire Dampers
6. Diffusers
7. Grillers
The role of architects and designers is to know this system by understand the equipment
and components involved in term of space provision. For example, in process of designing
a cinema, you as the architect must provide M&E space for the mechanical ventilation
system. Now that you already know the appropriate type of MV for a cinema is the
Balanced/ Combined Ventilation System, therefore you must be able to provide adequate
spaces to locate the equipment and components. Other considerations are; accessibility for
maintenance works, as well as safety and security in and of the spaces.
 NEXT WEEK’S LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the session, students must be able to:

1.1 Apply knowledge of air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV)

system into design-based task (people habitat/ community building):
1.1.5 Identify appropriate types of ACMV system in a building
1.1.6 Construct diagram of ACMV system in a building with appropriate label
and explanation

COMMENCEMENT ASSIGNMENT 1(a)

END OF LECTURE
TOPIC 1 (PART 1)