10

Science
Quarter 4 – Weeks 5 & 6:
Chemical Reactions
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Weeks 4-5: Chemical Reactions
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Catherine C. Manzano

Editor: Ann Christian A. Francisco & John Patrick D. Ramos
Reviewer: William M. Cinense
Illustrator: Wensdy S. Casio
Layout Artist: Aljhon U. Febrero
Management Team: May B. Eclar, CESO III
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Nestor R. Nuesca, EdD
Larry B. Espiritu, PhD
Rodolfo A. Dizon, PhD
Mary Queen P. Orpilla, PhD

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region III

Office Address: Matalino St., Diosdado Macapagal Center

Maimpis, City of san Fernando (P)
Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89
E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Chemistry. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.
This module is divided into two lessons namely:
● Lesson 1- Chemical Change
● Lesson 2- Chemical Reactions
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. identify chemical change;
b. classify reactions according to the different types;
c. write chemical equations; and
d. apply the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions
(S10MT-IVe-g-23).

What I Know

Directions. Choose at least 10 elements or compounds from the list given below. Then,
write the symbol or formula of your chosen elements or compounds. Write your answers
in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Water 11. Copper
2. Table salt 12. Baking Soda
3. Oxygen 13. Toothpaste
4. Sugar 14. Mouth wash
5. Iron 15. Carbon
6. Hydrogen 16. Vinegar
7. Aluminum 17. Nitrogen
8. Carbon Dioxide 18. Calcium
9. Sodium 19. Magnesium
10. Gold 20. Helium

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 Lesson
Chemical Change
1
Change is the only permanent thing in the world. Changes in matter can either
be physical or chemical. Physical change occurs when the appearance of an object is
altered without forming a new type of substance. Chemical change involves a
transformation of one substance into a new type by altering its chemical composition.
In your Grade 9 Science, you have learned that chemical bonding includes
breaking up of bonds and the formation of new bonds. When new bonds are formed, new
substances are also produced. These processes of bond breakage and formation cause
atoms to rearrange themselves brought chemical changes in matter.

What’s In

Activity 1
Directions. Classify the given processes into physical change or chemical change.
Write your answers in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Burning of paper
2. Washing of plates
3. Leaves in a compost pit
4. Ripening of fruits
5. Leftover foods in the trash bins

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 What’s New

Activity 2: Exploring the Evidences of Chemical Reactions

Directions: Perform the simple experiment below. Write your answers in your
notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.

Objective: Exploring chemical reactions

Materials Needed:

bleaching reagent (chlorox) matchsticks

colored paper piece of paper
mentos candy (5 pcs) soft drinks (15 mL)

Procedures:
1. Place a piece of colored paper in a pan then pour a drop of bleaching agent
(chlorox). Observe what happens.
2. Open the soft drinks then put the mentos inside the bottle. Observe what
happens.
3. Get a piece of paper and lift it up using the matchstick. Observe.

Guide Questions:
1. What happened to the colored paper?
2. What is formed in coke after putting the mentos?
3. What is formed when you lift the paper?

What is It

Evidences of Chemical Reactions

Chemical change is caused by chemical reactions. Though reactions occur at
microscopic level there are still some observations or physical changes which can be used
as indicators that chemical reactions are happening. There are things that will help us to
identify if a certain substance undergoes chemical reactions and we call it evidences of
chemical reactions. The evidences are production of light, evolution of gas, temperature
change, change in intrinsic properties (color, odor) and formation of precipitate. Chemical
reactions are observed with the combination of the 5 evidences.
Fire was the greatest discovery of all time. The earliest people considered it as one
of the earliest elements. George Ernst Stahl stated that when a material burns, it releases
a substance known as phlogiston and he called it the Phlogiston Theory. Antoine Lavoisier
contradicts this theory as he carefully observed in his experiment that instead of releasing

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a substance, the material being burned reacts with oxygen. This is now known as the
Theory of Oxidation, and this is accepted up to this day.
There are 3 factors that should be present in proper conditions and proportions for
burning to occur:
1. Fuel
2. Oxygen
3. Heat

What’s More

Activity 3
Directions: Identify the evidences that occurred in the given chemical change. Choose
your answers inside the box and write them in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of
paper.
Production of light Evolution of gas Temperature change
Change in intrinsic properties Formation of precipitate

1. burning of paper
2. leftover foods in the trash bins
3. dead rat
4. ripening of mango

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 What I Have Learned

1. When a physical change occurs there is no breaking and forming of bonds. There
are certain things that will help us identify if a chemical reaction has taken place.
We call these evidences of chemical reactions. These are production of light,
evolution of gas, temperature change, color change, and formation of precipitate.

2. Three factors that should be present in proper conditions and proportions for
burning to occur: fuel, oxygen, & heat

What I Can Do

Activity 3. Recreate Me
Objective: Apply the evidences of chemical reactions
Materials:
Black t-shirt bleach (cholorox) double-sided tape
Procedures:
1. Place the t-shirt on a flat surface.
2. Use double-sided tape to form your desired design.
3. Pour on the bleach on the t-shirt.
4. Let it dry.

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 Lesson
Chemical Reactions
2
Chemical reactions create new substances. Substances that undergo chemical
changes is called reactant while the new type of substances formed is product.
Chemical equation describes chemical reactions by identifying the reactants and
products. It also uses symbols and formulas of substances involved in the chemical
reaction.

What’s In

Activity 4
Directions. Group the following ingredients used in cooking sopas, pork adobo and
burger. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

a bun pork macaroni margarine

tomatoes onion burger patty black pepper
soy sauce garlic carrots onion
evaporated milk chicken cabbage hotdog
garlic cheese lettuce vinegar

sopas pork adobo burger

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 What is It

Chemical equation shows the symbols or formulas of the reactants and products,
the phases (solid, liquid, gas) of these substances, and the ratio of the substances as they
react. In writing chemical equations, you should know the common symbols needed in
writing equations.

Symbols Meaning
+ Shows a combination of reactants or
products
→ To produce; to form; to yield
(s), (l), (g), (aq) (s)-solid (l)-liquid (g)-gas (aq)-
aqueous
(substance is dissolved in water)
Reversible reaction

HEAT Indicates that heat is supplied to the

reaction
A formula written above or below the
Pt yield sign indicates its use as a
catalyst or solvent

Example of chemical equation:

2 𝐻2(𝑔) + 𝑂2(𝑔) 2 𝐻2 𝑂

Reactants Product

There are different types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, single

displacement, double displacement, combustion, and acid-base reaction.

Different Types of Chemical Reactions

COMBINATION OR SYNTHESIS REACTION

When 2 or more reactants combine to form a single product
A + B → AB

DECOMPOSITION REACTION
A single reactant breaks down into simpler ones. (2 or more products)
AB → A+B

SINGLE DISPLACEMENT or Replacement REACTION

When one element replaces another element from a compound. The more active
element takes the place of the less active element in a compound.
A + BC → AC + B

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DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION (Metathesis)
When the positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) of different compounds
switch places, forming two entirely different compounds
AB + CD → AD + CB

COMBUSTION (Burning) REACTION

When oxygen combines with a hydrocarbon (compound containing hydrogen and
carbon) to form a water and carbon dioxide. Example of which is the burning of
butane gas.
CH4 + O2 → 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑐𝐻4 𝐻10 + 𝑂2

ACID-BASE REACTION
A special kind of double displacement reaction that takes place when an acid and
base react with each other. The H+ of the acid reacts with the OH- of the base
forming water. The other product is salt.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Activity 5
Directions. Classify the following unbalanced chemical equations according to the six
types of chemical reactions. Write your answers in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. AgNO3 + Cu → Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
2. P4 + O2 → P2O5
3. HBr + Al(OH)3 → AlBr3 + H2O
4. O3 → O- + O2
5. C3H6O + O2 → CO2 + H2O
6. HBr + KOH → KBr + H2O
7. H2 + N2 → NH3
8. Hg2O → Hg + O2
9. Cl2 + NaBr → NaCl + Br
10. CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
11. SO2 + O2 → SO3
12. HgO → Hg + O2
13. P + O2 → P4O10
14. KClO4 → KCl + O2
15. Fe2O3 + C → Fe + CO2
16. H2 + AgNO3 → Ag + HNO3
17. CaCO3 + HCl → CaCl2 + H2CO3
18. Cu + AgNO3 → Ag + Cu(NO3)2
19. Mg + O2 → MgO + energy
20. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

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 During a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. Atoms of
substances undergoing reactions simply rearrange themselves thus matter is said to be
conserved. This concept is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Activity 6: Popcorn Mass

Directions. Answer the questions given below based on your observations. Do this in
your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

Note to the students and parents/guardian:

Ask the help of your guardian/ parent in performing this activity.

Objective: Perform an activity that illustrates Law of Conservation of Mass

Materials:
Popcorn kernel (5 grams)
Oil
Weighing scale
Frying Pan
Procedures:
1. Weigh the popcorn kernels and the oil that you will be using.
2. Cook the popcorn kernels in the pan. Be careful in using the stove.
3. Weigh the cooked popcorns.

Guide Question:
What is the difference between the weight of the uncooked popcorns and the cooked
popcorns?

Balancing Equation
Balancing chemical equations is done to obey the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Balanced equations depict that the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the
number of atoms on the product side. Generally, making the atoms at both sides of the
equation is done by putting coefficients before the symbol or formula of the substances
present in the equation.
To balance a chemical equation, we have to perform the following steps:

1. Rewrite the unbalanced chemical equation.

Example: Al + O2 → Al2O3

2. Make a list of all the elements on the reactants (left) and products (right).
Reactants Products
Al: Al:
O: O:
3. Identify the atoms in each element.
Reactants Products
Al: 1 Al: 2
O: 2 O: 3

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4. Multiply the numbers of atoms. Observe the element whose atom is not equal.
Reactants Products
Al: 1 ∙ 2 = 2 Al: 2
O: 2 ∙ 3 = 6 O: 3 ∙ 2 = 6
5. Place coefficient in front of the equation.
2 Al + 3 O2 → 2 Al2O3
Reactants Products
Al: 1 ∙ 2 = 2 Al: 2
O: 2 ∙ 3 = 6 O: 3 ∙ 2 = 6
6. Check your equation. If it is not balanced rework your multiplication.
4 Al + 3 O2 → 2 Al2O3
Reactants Products
Al: 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 4 Al: 2∙ 2 = 4
O: 2 ∙3 = 6 O: 3 ∙ 2 = 6
7. Balance chemical equation
4 Al + 3 O2 → 2 Al2O3
Reactants Products
Al: 4 Al: 4
O: 6 O: 6

What’s More

Activity 7
Directions. Choose 5 equations and balance them by following the appropriate steps.
Write your answers in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Fe + O2 → Fe2O3
2. H2 + Cl2 → HCl
3. Ag + H2S → Ag2S + H2
4. CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
5. HgO → Hg + O2
6. Cu + AgNO3 → Ag + Cu(NO3)2
7. SO2 + O2 → SO3
8. CaCO3 + HCl → CaCl2 + H2CO3
9. P + O2 → P4O10
10. KClO4 → KCl + O2

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 What I Have Learned
1. A chemical equation is a chemist’s shorthand for a chemical reaction. It shows the
symbols or formulas of the reactants and products, the phases (solid, liquid, gas) of
these substances and the ratio of the substances as they react.
2. Chemical reactions are classified according to the following types:
combination: A + B → AB
decomposition: AB → A + B
single displacement: A + BC → AC + B
double displacement: AB + CD → AD + CB
combustion (reaction with oxygen-producing carbon dioxide and water)
acid-base: reaction between acid and base
3. Law of Conservation of Mass states that during physical and chemical changes,
matter cannot be created nor destroyed; the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass
of products.

What I Can Do

Activity 8.
Directions: Decode the message below by matching the balanced equation of column A
to column B. Write your answers and solutions in your notebook/on a separate sheet of
paper.

Column A
1. Co + H2O → Co2O3 + H2
2. Fe+ Cl2 → FeCl3
3. Al + CuCl2 → AlCl3 + Cu
4. Fe+ O2 → Fe2O3
5. FeBr3+ H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3+ HBr
6. C4H6O3+ H2O → C2H4O2
7. C2H4+ O2 → CO2+ H2O
8. C4H10O+ O2 → CO2+ H2O
9. C7H16 + O2 → CO2+ H2O
10. H2SiCl2+ H2O → H8Si4O4+ HCl
Column B
A. 4 H2SiCl2+4 H2O →H8Si4O4+8 HCl
C. C2H4+3 O2 → 2 CO2+2 H2O
E. 2 FeBr3+3 H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3+6 HBr
H. 2 Al + 3 CuCl2 → 2 AlCl3 + 3 Cu
I. C4H6O3+H2O→2 C2H4O2
M. C7H16+11 O2 →7 CO2+8 H2O
R. 2 Fe+3 Cl2 → 2 FeCl3
S. 4 Fe+3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
T. 2 Co + 3 H2O → Co2O3 + 3 H2
Y. C4H10O+6 O2 → 4 CO2+5 H2O

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
7 3 5 9 6 4 1 2 8 6 4 5 10 4 8

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice.
Directions. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it
on your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is not an evidence of chemical reactions?

a. Evolution of Gas
b. Production of light
c. Same substance
d. Temperature change

2. Who discovered the Phlogiston theory?

a. Amadeo Avogadro
b. Antoine Lavoiser
c. Charles Darwin
d. George Ernst Stahl

3. Who is the proponent of the Oxidation theory?

a. Amadeo Avogadro
b. Antoine Lavoiser
c. Charles Darwin
d. George Ernst Stahl

4. For burning to occur, the following factors should be present in proper conditions and
proportions.
I. Fuel II. Oxygen III Heat IV.Nitrogen
a. I, II, III
b. I, II, IV I, III, IV
c. II, III, IV

5. How does a reactant differ from a product?

a. Reactants are the entering material.
b. Products are the resulting substances.
c. Both a and b
d. none of a, b c

6. A + BC → AC + B is an equation used in __________________.

a. Combination reaction
b. Decomposition Reaction
c. Double displacement reaction
d. Single displacement reaction

7. NAOH + KNO3 → NaNO2 + KOH is the formula used in __________________.

a. Combination reaction
b. Decomposition Reaction
c. Double displacement reaction
d. Single displacement reaction

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8. How many atoms of Zn, H, Cl are present in the reactants below?
Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
a. 1;1;1
b. 1;2;2
c. 2;2;2
d. none of a,b

9. It is the law which states that the total mass of reactant is equal to the total mass of
the product. No new atoms are created nor destroyed.
a. Law of Conservation of Energy
b. Law of Conservation of Mass
c. Law of Conservation of Momentum
d. Law of Conservation of Weight

10. It is an equation that uses chemical symbols and formulas to represent a chemical
reaction.
a. Chemical equation
b. Nuclear equation
c. Nuclear reaction
d. Mathematical equation

Additional Activities

Poster Making
Directions. In a short bond paper, draw one scenario inside your house that undergoes
chemical reactions. Illustrate first the original setting then identify what happens during
reactions and draw the product or the output.

Rubrics for Scoring

Category 5 pts 4 pts 3pts 1pt Score

Sketch The sketch is neat, The sketch is The sketch is The sketch is
and necessary legible. The somewhat not legible or
markings are concept is okay but is not clear at all.
found on the clear and exactly neat
paper. It shows a legible but can and legible.
clear and legible neater
concept.
Understanding The learner The learner The learner The learner
the topic understood the has sufficient has sufficient has not
lesson and can comprehensio understanding understood
apply it to the n of the lesson of the lesson most of the
activity. and can apply but is not lesson &
it to the applied in the cannot apply
activity. activity. it to the
activity.
Total: (10 pts)

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 16
Activity 5 Activity 7
1. Single Displacement 1. 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
What’s In 2. Synthesis 2. H2 + Cl2 → 2 HCl
1. Chemical change 3. Double Displacement 3. 2 Ag + H2S → Ag2S +
2. Physical change 4. Decomposition H2
3. Chemical change 5. Combustion 4. CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2
4. Chemical change 6. Acid-base H2O
5. Chemical change 7. Synthesis 5. 2 HgO → 2 Hg + O2
8. Decomposition 6. Cu + 2AgNO3 →
What’s New 9. Single Displacement 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
Q1. Answers may vary 10. Combustion 7. 2 SO3 + O2 → 2 SO3
Q2. Answers may vary 11. Combustion 8. CaCO3 + 2 HCl →
Q3. Answers may vary 12. Decomposition CaCl2 + H2CO3
13. Combustion 9. 4P + 5O2 → P4O10
Activity 4 14. Decomposition 10. KClO4 → KCl + 2O2
Burger 15. Single Displacement
a bun, burger patty, 16. Single Displacement
17. Double Displacement Activity 8
tomato, cheese, lettuce CHEMISTRY IS EASY
Pork Adobo 18. Single Displacement
onion, garlic, pork, soy 19. Combustion
sauce, vinegar, black 20. Acid-base
Assessment
pepper 1.c
Sopas Activity 6 2.d
macaroni, evaporated Equal 3.b
milk, onion, garlic, 4.c
chicken, hotdog, carrots, 5.c
cabbage, margarine 6.d
7.c
8.b
9.b
10.a
Answer Key