10 Science

Quarter 4 - Module 8
Factors Affecting the Rate of Chemical
Reaction Applied in Food Preservation,
Materials Production, Control of Fire,
Pollution and Corrosion
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 8: Factors Affecting the Rate of Chemical Reaction in Food
Preservation, Materials Production, Control of Fire, Pollution and Corrosion
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education- Region III

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Illustrator/Layout Artist/Editors:
Glenn Maurice N. Cano
Luzviminda T. Dela Cruz
Sherie May B. Martin
Anacel P. Figuracion
Teza Lorainne M. Ibay

Content Evaluator : Alexander N. dela Cruz

Language Evaluator : Ronald C. Mendoza
Layout Evaluator : Melody Anne R. Duran
Management Team : Gregorio C. Quinto Jr., EdD
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
Marinella P. Garcia Sy, PhD
Glenda S. Constantino
Joannarie C. Garcia

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Office Address: Curriculum Implementation Division
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 10

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 8
Factors Affecting the Rate of Chemical
Reaction Applied in Food Preservation
and Materials Production, Control of
Fire, Pollution and Corrosion
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module will help you understand the factors that affect the rate
of chemical reactions. Various activities are provided for you to perform and
strengthen your knowledge and skills regarding the topic.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• describe the effects of temperature, concentration, pressure, surface area,
and catalyst on the rate of chemical reactions in food preservation, control
of fire, corrosion prevention, and similar activities;
• conduct simple activities at home which show how these factors affect the
rate of a chemical reaction;
• explain ways on how to minimize the negative effects of chemical reactions
in real life situations.

What I Know
Directions: Read the following questions and answer each by writing the letter that
corresponds to your BEST response. Place your answers on your notebook or
on a piece of paper.

1. Which of the following DOES NOT affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
A. concentration
B. size of the container
C. surface area (particle size)
D. temperature

2. Which of the following would cause the rate of a chemical reaction to slow down?
A. increase the concentration of the reactants
B. increase the surface area of the reactants
C. increase the temperature of the reactants
D. increase the volume that the reactants take up

3. Complete this statement:

As temperature __________________, the rate of a chemical reaction ___________.
A. decreases, increases
B. increases, increases
C. increases, decreases
D. remains constant, reaches zero

4. Which of these DOES NOT help in increasing the rate of a chemical reaction?
A. Add catalyst to the reaction.
B. Place the reactants in bigger container.
C. Increase the concentration of the reactants.
D. Increase the temperature of the environment of the reactants.

1
5. Which of the following factors can increase the rate of forming a product during a chemical
reaction?
A. temperature is decreased
B. the reaction is not stirred
C. the particle size of the reactants is larger
D. concentration of the reactants is increased

6. What do you call to the substance that is found in the human body that has the same
function as a catalyst?
A. acid
B. bacteria
C. enzyme
D. ligament

7. Which of the following correctly explains why higher temperature increases the rate of
reaction according to the particle theory?
A. As temperature increases, particles lose energy resulting in less collisions occur.
B. As temperature increases, particles gain more energy and more collisions occur.
C. As temperature increases, particles lose energy resulting in lesser chances of
successful collisions.
D. As temperature increases, particles gain more energy resulting in a greater chance of
a successful collision.

8. How much amount of catalyst will be left at the end of the reaction if 2.5 g of it was
added at the start of reaction?
A. exactly 2.5 g
B. less than 2.5 g
C. more than 2.5 g
D. nothing was left

9. A glow stick emits light when two chemicals are mixed. Which of the following
would decrease the amount of time that a glow stick would stay bright?
A. increase the size of the glow stick
B. increase the temperature of the reactants
C. decrease the temperature of the reactants
D. decrease the concentration of one of the reactants

10. Which of the following statements that tells about a catalyst is FALSE?
A. It speeds up a reaction.
B. It becomes chemically changed at the end of a reaction.
C. Its mass is the same from the start to the end of a reaction.
D. It provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.

11. Enzymes are important components in the human body. Without enzymes, many
chemical reactions could not occur, affecting the metabolic activities of our cells. Based
on their operational functions, what are enzymes?
A. catalyst
B. simple elements
C. chemicals that increase surface area
D. molecules used to increase concentration

2
12. How does a coating of oil slow down the oxidation of iron?
A. The oil cools the chain so that the rusting reaction occurs much slower.
B. The oil’s surface decreases the surface area of the chain, slowing the rusting reaction.
C. The oil is an “anti-catalyst”, which actually causes the opposite reaction to occur (“anti-
rusting”).
D. The oil stops oxygen from reaching the iron, and therefore decreases the concentration
of oxygen in the rusting reaction.

13. Why do you think that using of small and thin pieces of wood is better compared to using
of big logs when starting a fire?
A. Small and thin pieces of wood absorb higher temperature.
B. Small and thin pieces of wood increase the amount of fire.
C. Small and thin pieces of wood release more chemical as fuel.
D. Small and thin pieces of wood expose more surface in contact with fire.

14. Which of the following could be the reason why a loaf of bread was baked beyond its
normal size, even if the same regular amount of dough was used?
A. more flour was used for the dough
B. the dough was baked at high temperature
C. the amount of yeast added to the dough was doubled
D. there were few cuts around the surface of the dough

15. Which of the following activities leads to higher concentration of pollutants in the air?
A. waste segregation system
B. planting more trees
C. factories and vehicles emitting black smoke
D. using CFC-free air-conditioners and refrigerators

3
 What’s In

In the previous lesson, you’ve learned that reactions can only happen when the
reactant particles collide, but most collisions are NOT successful in forming product
molecules despite the high rate of collisions. You’ve learned as well that the rate of a
chemical reaction is affected by the following factors: temperature, surface area or size
of the particles of reactants, concentration of the reactants, and the presence of
catalyst. Let us try to remember these concepts by answering the activity given below.

Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle below. Copy the puzzle and write your answer
on your answer sheet.

Across
5. The resulting substance in a chemical
reaction.
6. The minimum amount of energy needed
in order for the reactant particles to
form a product.
7. The substance that speeds up a
reaction but is chemically unchanged
at the end.
8. The biological catalyst which is also
considered as a special type of protein.
Down
1. The measure of the total area of
particles exposed in a reaction.
2. The substances that enter a
chemical reaction.
3. The measure of the average kinetic
energy of particles in a substance –
it is the hotness or coldness of a
given body.
4. The amount of the reactants present
in a reaction.

4
 What’s New
Directions: Read and analyze each statement and illustration carefully. Write FACT if the
statement is correct and BLUFF if it is wrong. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Adding few drops of bleach will
remove the stains on a cloth.
Answer: _____________
3. Applying some used engine oil on
the bicycle chain will make it rustier.
Answer: _____________
5. Placing of leftover foodstuffs or
drinks inside a refrigerator will
prolong their shelf life.
Answer: _____________
5
2. Covering a lighted candle with a
clear glass will make the fire burst
and the glass will be broken.
Answer: _____________
4. Using twigs or thinner chunks of
wood when starting to light a
firewood stove or bonfire is better
than using of bigger pieces of
wood.
Answer: _____________
Guide questions:
Explain your answer.
Q1: What will happen to a colored shirt if you
apply too much bleach on it?
Q2: Will the light of the candle be gone
immediately after you cover it?
Q3: What will happen to a rusty bicycle chain
if you wipe it with oil?
Q4: Which one will you choose to start a
bonfire, big pieces of wood or twigs?
Q5: Is it safe to consume foodstuff and drinks
left at room temperature after 24 hours?
 What is It

Factors Affecting the Rate of Chemical Reaction and their

Effects in Food Preservation, Material Production, Control of
Fire, Pollution and Corrosion

Temperature

What do you usually do during hot or dry weather? How about during cold or rainy
days? People like to do more activities during hot or dry season. We can do more things if it
is not raining, like doing the laundry, your daily dose of exercise, or do some repair at home.
On the other hand, it is unlikely to do these things when we are chilling in the cold weather,
when most of us just want to take a bowl of hot soup, drink a cup of hot chocolate or coffee,
or just stay in bed and sleep.

The same applies to the particles of the reactants in a reaction. When heat is applied,
these particles absorb the energy needed that makes them collide with each other, thus
increasing the rate of the reaction. The more energy they absorb due to increasing
temperature, the faster they react. The faster the rate of the reaction, the lesser time needed
to achieve the product.

Most of the time, when we cook at home or eat in a restaurant, we have leftovers. To
ensure that leftovers are safe, make sure the food is cooked to the right temperature
(absorption of energy) and refrigerate (release of energy) the leftovers immediately. Not
cooking food to a safe temperature and leaving food out at an unsafe temperature are the two
main causes of foodborne diseases and spoilage.

The use of low temperature to prolong the shelf life of food lies in the fact that the
activities of foodborne microorganisms can be slowed at temperatures above freezing and
generally stopped at the subfreezing level. The reason is that all metabolic reactions of
microorganisms are enzyme-catalyzed and that its rate of reactions is dependent on
temperature.

On the other hand, the use of high temperatures to preserve food is based on their
destructive effects on microorganisms. Concerning food preservation, there are two
temperature categories in common use: pasteurization and sterilization. Pasteurization by
use of heat implies either the destruction of all disease-producing organisms (for example,
pasteurization of milk) or the reduction in the number of spoilage organisms in a certain food,
as in the pasteurization of vinegar. Sterilization is a controlled heating process used to
eliminate all living micro-organisms, including thermo-resistant spores in milk or other food.
Canning is one of the ways of food sterilization by applying heat in sealed containers to
produce a commercially sterilized product, which enables food to be kept at room temperature
while keeping food safety and organoleptic property for months or even years.

Fig. 1: Leftover food should be Fig. 2: Dairy products like Fig. 3: Canned goods
refrigerated to prolong milk, is pasteurized undergo
shelf life to make safe sterilization.
for human
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consumption
 Many manufacturing industries also depend on temperature so that the desired
outcomes of their products are met. One of these is crude oil refining. The picture below
represents basic oil refinery process and products produced based on different temperature
level.

Distillation unit and products of crude oil

boiling point range products

(lower boiling point
<85°F produce lighter butane and lighter products
products)

85-185°F gasoline blending

components

186-350°F naphtha

351-450°F kerosene, jet fuel

451-650°F distillate (diesel, heating oil)

651-1,050°F (higher boiling point heavy gas oil

produce heavier
products)
>1,050°F residual fuel oil

Fig. 4: Shows different oil products produced based on different temperature levels. Petroleum refineries change
crude oil into petroleum products that can be used as fuels for transportation, heating, paving roads, and
generating electricity and as feedstock for making chemicals.

Air temperature affects the movement of air, and therefore the movement of pollution
the atmosphere. Since energy from the sun is absorbed by the Earth's atmospheric layer, the
air closer to the ground is hotter than air that is farther up in the troposphere. The hotter and
lighter air at the surface arises, and the cooler and denser air in the upper troposphere sinks.
This is identified as convection and it transfers pollutants from the bottom to higher altitudes.

Fig. 5: Rising, warm air often helps disperse pollution from near the surface, resulting in less pollutants (left
picture). But in a temperature inversion the warm air cannot rise, resulting in trapping more pollutants
at the surface (right picture).
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Concentration
Increasing the concentrations of reactants make the reaction occur at a faster rate. For
a chemical reaction to happen, there must be a definite number of molecules with energies
similar to or higher than the activation energy. With an increase in concentration, the number
of particles with the minimum required energy will increase, hence, the rate of the reaction will
increase. For instance, if one in a million molecules has sufficient activation energy, then out
of 100 million particles, only 100 will react. However, if you have 200 million of those particles
within an equal volume, then 200 of them react. By making the concentration rate double, the
rate of reaction has doubled as well.

Let’s have another example. Please refer to the illustration below. A person infected
by COVID-19 (represented by black dot ) can infect one person (white dot ) in a span of 1
minute. Situation A shows that there is 1 infected person and 10 another uninfected individual
in an enclosed basketball gym, while situation B shows another infected person was added.

Fig. 6: Represents one person infected by virus, Fig. 7: Represents two persons infected by virus,
with ten other uninfected persons with ten other uninfected persons

Guide questions
Q1: How long will it take for all the persons be infected in each situation?
Q2: Which situation has the faster rate of transmitting the virus?

Salt has been an agent of preserving food. Food preservation is the process of treating
and handling food to stop or greatly slow down spoilage and inhibit foodborne sickness while
keeping nutritional value, texture, and flavor. Salt (solute) removes the water (solvent) in food,
making the environment hypertonic (more concentration of solute than solvent.) Most
bacteria, fungi and other pathogenic organisms will not survive where the salt concentration
is greater than 10%. Any living cell in such condition will become dehydrated through osmosis
and die or become temporarily inactivated.

Have you also tried using bleach to remove stains on your clothes? Bleach is the
familiar term for any chemical product that is utilized industrially and domestically to remove
the color from fabric or fiber or to clean and remove stains in a process called bleaching. It is
good to use this cleaning agent if you are dealing with stains in white clothes, but if you apply
too much on your colored clothes, you may also end up fading the color or having white spots
on your favorite shirt.

Most bleach that are used in industrial processes are chlorine-based and released into
the environment in massive quantities, either through the air or in bodies of water. If you have
tried using too much amount of bleach while doing the laundry, or swam in a pool with high
concentration of chlorine and got irritated with its effect, imagine such harm this chemical can
do to our surrounding.

8
Fig. 8: Too much use of bleach Fig.9: Too much exposure to Fig. 10: Chlorine toxicity on
fades the color of the chlorine will cause chlorine plants
cloth allergy rash

Have you seen a dry or withering plant or tree? How about structures like buildings,
houses, or bridges in which paint coatings are peeled off and discolored? Or have you
observed statues being deformed? These are some of the effects of high concentration of
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the air that when mix and react with water, oxygen, and
other chemicals, will form more acidic pollutants, thus creating what we called acid rain.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen oxide (NO) becomes Sulfuric acid and Nitric acid when they
get in contact with water.

Fig. 11: Showing dried and withered trees Fig. 12: Showing deformed and
due to acid rain. discolored statue, due to
acid rain.

Surface Area
Different materials with smaller particles have more exposed areas than one large
particle. The more area of the surface is available for particles to collide, the faster the reaction
will happen. An example of this is if you have tried to start a fire in a bonfire or firewood
cooking. If you hold a match or a lighter up against a large chunk of wood or log in an attempt
to start the log burning, you will find it to be very difficult effort. Holding a match against a large
log will not cause enough reactions to take place in order to keep the fire going by providing
sufficient activation energy for further reactions. In order to start a wood fire, it is common to
break a log into many small, thin sticks called kindling. These thinner sticks of wood provide
more times the surface area of a single log. The match will successfully produce enough
reactions in the kindling so that adequate heat is given off to provide activation energy for
further reactions.

March is considered the “Fire Prevention” month because it is one of the hottest
months of the year and the beginning of the summer season here in the Philippines. During
this month, the most alarming fire incidents happen in the country. According to the Bureau
of Fire Protection (BFP), one of the causes of fire is that an open flame or lighted candle was
left unattended inside a house made up of light and thin materials, in which fire would easily
react due to large surface area that is exposed.

9
 Fig. 13: Using small and thinner wood (kindling) Fig. 14: A house made of light, smaller and thinner
in firewood cooking materials is prone to fire incidents.

Catalyst

In the previous module, you have learned that a catalyst is a substance that makes
the rate of reaction faster, by lowering the activation energy of the reactants, and without itself
being used up. Any reaction that uses a catalyst is called catalysis. The table below shows
some industrial processes and the catalysts involve:

PROCESS CATALYST PRODUCT FUNCTION

Nitric acid is used in

the production of ammonium nitrate
Platinum (Pt) and Rhodium
Making nitric acid for fertilizers, making plastics
(Rh)
products, and in the manufacture of
dyes.

Ammonia is an ingredient in making

fertilizers, in household cleaning
Making ammonia Iron (Fe) products, and in wastewater
treatment.

Sulfuric acid is commonly used in

Vanadium (V) oxide on
Making sulfuric acid
silica
fertilizer manufacture. It is also
used in steel and iron making.
When mixed with Hydrogen
peroxide, it can create a strong
cleaning agent called Piranha
solution.

Synthesis gas or Syngas is a

flammable gas mixture of Carbon
Making synthesis gas Nickel (Ni)
monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen (H)
as the main components of fuel.

Epoxyethane produces Ethane-1,

Silver (Ag) or Alumina
Making epoxyethane 2-diol, the primary component of
(Al₂O₃)
engine coolant.

10

Catalytic cracking
Catalytic cracking is used mainly in
refining viscous crude oil into more
Zeolite
high-end naphtha and lighter fuel
products.

Naphtha is found in mothballs – a

Platinum (Pt) and Rhodium pest and insect repellant commonly
Reforming naphtha
(Re) in Alumina (Al₂O₃) used at home. It is also used in fuels
of blow torch and cigarette lighter.

Yeast is a kind of catalyst being used in converting sugar into alcohol in the process
of fermentation of alcoholic drinks. It is also used in making bread from dough. If too much
yeast is added to the juice that you are trying to ferment, chances are you will be seeing some
sediments settling at the bottom of the bottle. If you add too much yeast in your dough, your
bread will end up having massive in size.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1
Concentrate!
Objective: To investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction.

Materials: vinegar, water, baking soda or baking powder, medicine dropper, drinking glass
or glass jars

Procedure:
1. In a drinking glass, pour 1 tablespoon of baking soda. Then, place 10ml of vinegar using
medicine dropper. Observe.
2. In another glass, mix 7ml of vinegar and 3ml of water. Then, add 1 spoonful of baking
soda. Observe.
3. In the third glass, place 5ml of vinegar and 5ml of water. Then, place 1 spoonful of
baking
soda. Observe.
4. In the fourth drinking glass, pour 3ml of vinegar and 7ml of water. Then, add a spoonful
of baking soda. Observe.

Guide Questions:
1. In which glass had the reaction rate gone fastest?
_____________________________________________________________________

2. As you decrease the amount of vinegar, what happened to the reaction? Why?
______________________________________________________________

3. Why does high-concentration create faster reaction than low-concentration?

____________________________________________________________

11
Independent Assessment 1

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of your answer on your
answer sheet.

Column A Column B

1. Solution that has more solute A. Sulfuric acid

than solvent B. Acid rain
2. Treating and handling food to C. Nitric acid
slow down spoilage D. Hypertonic
3. Sulfur Dioxide + Water E. Food preservation
4. Nitrogen oxide mixed with water
5. Concentration of acidic pollutants in the rain

Independent Activity 2
Size Matters!
Objective: To investigate the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction.

Materials: Alka-Seltzer tablets or alkaline balls or denture cleaner tablets (whichever is

available), mortar and pestle, plastic cups, water, timer

Procedure:
1. Prepare two plastic cups with half-filled water.
2. Get two tablets of either of these options (Alka-Seltzer tablets / alkaline balls / denture
cleaner tablets). Two tablets must be of the same kind.
3. Pound one of the two tablets using mortar and pestle until it is pulverized.
4. Simultaneously drop the whole tablet and the pulverized tablet in two separate plastic cups
with water.

5. Observe the reactions for few minutes and note what you have observed. Record the
time it takes for each tablet to stop fizzing.

Guide Questions:
1. Which tablet fizzed for a longer period of time? Explain any difference.
______________________________________________________________

2. Describe in your own words the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction.
_____________________________________________________________

12
Independent Assessment 2
Directions: Read each situation carefully and analyze what is being asked. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper. (NOTE: base your answer on the effect
of surface area in the rate of reaction)

1. In a camp site, you were asked by your scout master to start a bonfire. How would you
do it if you have large chunks of log?
______________________________________________________________________
2. How would you make a glass of acidic water be neutralized using 2 pieces of alkaline
balls in the shortest possible time?
______________________________________________________________________
3. Why is that a bunch of crumpled paper trash takes time to burn than shredded paper?
______________________________________________________________________
4. Your mother is having hyperacidity attack and she is in great pain. She asked you to buy
an anti-acid medicine and you rushed at the nearest drugstore. When you arrived at the
store and asked the pharmacist, she gave you two options: one in powder form in a
sachet while the other one is in table form. Which one would you choose and why?
______________________________________________________________________
5. You’ve noticed that your father got pissed off when he is about to fix a cup of coffee but
saw that the powdered coffee turned hard. What does he need to do aside from
buying another coffee sachet?
______________________________________________________________

Independent Activity 3
Hot or Cold!

Objective: To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction.

Materials: yeast, Hydrogen peroxide (Agua Oxinada, or you may also use bleach for colored
clothes, as it contains Hydrogen peroxide), two storage bags, warm and cold water,
small basin

Procedure:
1. In two separate storage bags, place ½ tablespoon of yeast and 20ml hydrogen peroxide.
Then, tie the storage bags.
2. Place one bag in warm water and the other bag in cold water. Observe.

Guide Questions:
1. What happened when you placed the bag in warm water?
______________________________________________________________________
2. What happened when you placed the other bag in cold water?
______________________________________________________________________
3. How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
______________________________________________________________
4. What should you do to slow down food spoilage?
______________________________________________________________

13
Independent Assessment 3
Directions: Complete the table below by writing either the possible cause or effect in each
given situation. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Cause Effect

1. Leaving leftover food overnight, 1.

uncovered, and at room temperature.

2. 2. When swimming on a pool, your eyes

and skin gets reddish and irritated.

3. Putting too much amount of yeast in a 3.

dough.

4. Using big chunks of wood or log in 4.

starting a fire in firewood stove.

5. 5. It forms acid rain, which could lead to

skin irritation, drying of trees and plants,
damages to structures, and pollution to
bodies of water.

6. 6. Commercialized milk made safe for

human consumption, and shelf life is
prolonged.

7. Pouring too much bleach in removing 7.

stains on your clothes when doing the
laundry.

14
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete each statement by writing the appropriate word in the blanks. Choose
your answer inside the word pool and write them on your answer sheet.

absorb bleach burn catalysis catalyst

concentration faster prolong spoilage warm

1. A __________ is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.

2. Any reaction made with the use of catalyst is called __________.
3. The more surface area is available for particles to collide, the ________ is the reaction
rate.
4. When heat is applied in a chemical reaction, the particles of the reactants ____ energy
that makes them collide with each other.
5. Using salt to preserve meat will slow down its _______.
6. Too much use of ________ will make colored clothes fade.
7. When high ___________ of Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide is mixed with water in
the air, they form acid rain.
8. Smaller and thinner chunks of firewood _______ faster than a single big piece of log.
9. Rising ______ air often helps disperse pollution from near the surface of the earth.
10. Leftover food should be refrigerated to ________ shelf life.

What I Can Do
Directions: Carefully analyze each scenario. Identify the factors that affect it and what needs
to be done with the amount of the factors to yield the desired results. Write your
answer on your answer sheet.

Choose the factor involve Choose if you need to

(Temperature, Catalyst, Increase , Moderate, or
Scenario Concentration, or Decrease the factor
Surface Area)

1. Choose the right wood

to use for building your
house so it will not
easily be caught on fire.

2. You want to make wine

out of durian extract.

15
 3. Too much pollutants in
the air is very harmful to
our lives.

4. Preserving raw beef

using salt.

5. Pasteurizing milk to
make it safe for
consumption and to
prolong its shelf life.

Assessment

Directions: Carefully read and answer the following questions. Write the letter of your answer
on a separate answer sheet.

1. What will happen to the rate of chemical reaction if the particles of the reactants were able
to absorb the needed energy through heat?
A. constant
B. decreases
C. increases
D. stops

2. What is the main purpose of storing leftover food inside the refrigerator?
A. restore its quality
B. not be eaten by your pets
C. slow down its spoilage
D. maximize its consumption

3. Which of the following should be applied to reduce the number of spoilage microorganisms
during the pasteurization of milk?
A. catalyst
B. good bacteria
C. heat
D. vacuum

4. Which of the following products require the least amount of heat in crude oil distillation
process?
A. butane
B. diesel
C. kerosene
D. naphtha

5. What will happen if a rising, warm air dispersed the pollution that formed near the surface
of the Earth?
A. cooler air breeze
B. less pollutants
C. more pollutants
D. warmer air breeze

16
6. What should be done to increase the rate of reaction between two liquid substances?
A. Rapidly cool the container that the reactants are in.
B. Add a catalytic converter to reduce airborne pollutants.
C. Pour the reactants into a large, flat container to increase the surface area.
D. Increase the concentration of the reactants by adding more to the solution.

7. Which of the following refers to the process of treating and handling of food in order to
stop or slow down spoilage?
A. canning
B. fermentation
C. pasteurization
D. preservation

8. Which of these substances can make the color of your clothes fade when used in
excessive amount?
A. bleach
B. heat
C. salt
D. yeast

9. Which of the following substances can cause eye irritation when it is applied in high
concentration on swimming pools?
A. chlorine
B. flourine
C. potassium
D. sodium

10. Which of the following situations may happen when pollutants from cars and industrial
manufacturing sites mix with rain water?
A. Acid rain
B. Bleaching
C. Global warming
D. Whirlwind

11. How does a catalyst work?

A. produce more reactants
B. being used up in a reaction
C. decreasing activation energy
D. increasing activation energy

12. Which of the following refers to the process of making wine from fruit extract by converting
sugar into alcohol?
A. bleaching
B. fermentation
C. kindling
D. pasteurization

13. Which of the following substances can result in the formation of sediments at the bottom
of wine bottles if used in excessive amount during the wine-making process?
A. acid
B. potassium
C. sodium
D. yeast

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14. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about surface area?
A. Small, light, and thin materials can easily be attracted to fire.
B. Pounded alka-seltzer tablet reacts faster in water than one whole tablet.
C. Using bigger chunks of wood is better than small stick when starting a fire.
D. When starting a fire using wood, it is better to use small and thin sticks than big logs.

15. Which of the following catalysts is applied in crude oil refining process?
A. iron
B. platinum
C. silver
D. zeolite

Additional Activities

Directions: You have known that too much pollutants mixed with moisture in the air will cause
acid rain to form. You have identified as well the adverse effects it may cause in
our surrounding. Make further research about acid rain, then write an essay on
how you can help minimize its effect in our daily life.

Rubric For Scoring:

Features 1 2 3 4
The essay The essay is The essay is The essay is
poorly focused on focused on the focused,
addresses topic topic and topic and purposeful, and
FOCUS and includes includes few includes reflects clear
irrelevant ideas. unrelated ideas. relevant ideas. insight and
ideas.
So many A number of Few spelling Virtually no
spelling, spelling, and punctuation spelling,
punctuation and punctuation or errors, minor punctuation or
GRAMMAR grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical
USAGE errors that it errors. errors. errors.
interferes with
the meaning.

Piece had no Piece had little Piece was Piece was

style and gives style and gives written in an written in an
no new some new interesting extraordinary
QUALITY OF information and information but style. style. Very
WRITING very poorly poorly Somewhat informative and
organized. organized. informative and well-organized.
organized.

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 19
What I Know Independent Activity 1
1. B (Suggested answers to guide questions, but not
2. D limited to):
3. B 1. The first glass with 10ml vinegar had the fastest
reaction. It had the most amount of vinegar.
4. B
2. The rate of reaction becomes slower as the
5. D amount of vinegar decreases because the
6. C concentration is lessened.
7. D 3. The greater number of reactants present in a
8. A reaction, the more particles moving together,
9. B allowing more chances of collision. The more
10. B particles collide, the faster they react.
11. A
Independent Assessment 1
12. D
1. D
13. D 2. E
14. C 3. A
15. C 4. C
5. B
What’s In
Crossword puzzle Independent Activity 2
DOWN (Suggested answers to guide questions, but not
1. SURFACE AREA limited to):
2. REACTANTS 1. The whole tablet fizzed longer because it has a
3. TEMPERATURE lesser surface area that reacts with water compared
4. CONCENTRATION with the pulverized tablet which has a larger
exposed surface.
ACROSS 2. The more area of the surface is available for
5. PRODUCT particles to collide, the faster the reaction will
6. ACTIVATION ENERGY happen.
7. CATALYST
8. ENZYME Independent Assessment 2
(Suggested answers to guide questions, but not
limited to):
What’s New
1. I will chop the woods carefully using an axe into
Fact or Bluff
thinner pieces. Once these thinner pieces have
1. FACT
created and sustained enough fire, then I will use
2. BLUFF
bigger chunks of wood.
3. BLUFF
2. I will pound the alkaline balls until it is pulverized
4. FACT
so that it will easily melt in water.
5. FACT
3. Crumpled paper reacts slower with fire because it
Guide Questions 1-5
has lesser surface exposed to reaction compared to
(Suggested answers to guide questions, but not
shredded paper which has more surface area
limited to):
exposed to fire.
1. The color of the shirt will be faded/damaged as
4. I will choose the one in powder form because it
well.
can react with acid faster than the one in tablet
2. No, it may take up to 10 secs for the light to be
form.
gone.
5. I will advise him to pour enough amount of hot
3. The chain may be prevented from getting more
water to the hardened coffee so that it will melt.
rust.
4. Using twigs is better when starting a fire compared
to using big pieces of wood because it easily reacts
with fire.
5. It may not be safe to consume foodstuff or drinks
left at room temperature after 24 hours because
there is a great possibility that microorganisms like
harmful bacteria might have inhabited them. Make
sure to physically observe the food/drinks. If there
are undesirable changes, do not consume it.
Answer Key
 20
Independent Activity 3 What I have Learned
(Suggested answers to guide questions, but not 1. catalyst
limited to): 2. catalysis
1. Normally, the bag expands because heat is 3. faster
released from hydrogen peroxide when mixed with 4. absorb
yeast which acted as the catalyst that broke down 5. spoilage
hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. The 6. bleach
bag expanded faster when it was placed in warm 7. concentration
water. 8. burn
2. The bag that was placed in cold water expanded 9. warm
slower than the ones in warm water. 10. prolong
3. Higher temperature makes the reaction faster
between particles of the reactants because they What I Can Do
absorb heat energy. Lower temperature means 1. Surface area – decrease
lesser energy and a slower rate of reaction. 2. Catalyst – moderate/increase
4. Food spoilage can be slowed by placing them in 3. Concentration – decrease
an environment with lower temperatures. 4. Concentration – moderate/increase
5. Temperature – increase
Independent Assessment 3
(Suggested answers to guide questions, but not Assessment
limited to): 1. C
1. The food might be contaminated with dirt and 2. C
dust when left uncovered. At room temperature, 3. C
bacteria will multiply faster that causes spoilage. 4. A
2. It is possible that the water on the pool has too 5. B
much amount of chlorine. 6. D
3. It makes the bread too fluffy. The bread becomes 7. D
bigger but it is less dense due to too much pores 8. A
inside of it. 9. A
4. It is difficult and takes time to start a fire because 10. A
there is less exposed surface of the wood to react 11. C
with fuel and oxygen. 12. B
5. More chemicals from smoke created by vehicles 13. D
and manufacturing industries are released and 14. C
contaminated the air. 15. D
6. Pasteurization of milk.
7. Your hands may form rashes due to skin irritation,
and your clothes will be discolored.
 References

A. Books
Acosta, Herma D., Liza A. Alvarez, Dave G. Angeles, Ruby D. Arre, Ma. Pilar P. Carmona,
Aurelia S. Garcia, Arlen Gatpo, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Regaele A. Olarte, Marivic S.
Rosales, and Nilo G. Salazar. Science 10 Learner's Material. 1st Edition. Pasig City:
Department of Education -Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS),
2015.

Gregorio, Jay B., Ruel A. Avila, Melandrio D. Santos. Practical Science 10. 1st Edition. Makati
City: Diwa Learning Systems, Inc., 2018.

B. Electronic Sources
Jay, James M. “High-Temperature Food Preservation and Characteristics of
Thermophilic Microorganisms.” In: Modern Food Microbiology. Food Science Texts
Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7476-7_16, 1998.

Johnson, Doug. "Naphtha Uses”. Accessed March 12, 2021. https://sciencing.com/naphtha-

uses-7665916.html.

Lazonby, John. “Catalysis in Industry”. Accessed March 11, 2021.

https://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/processes/catalysis-in-industry.html.

Senese, Fred. “General Chemistry Online. What are the everyday examples of
temperature effects on reaction rate?”. Accessed March 12, 2021.
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/kinetics/faq/everyday-kinetics.shtml,
2018.

“The Rate of a Chemical Reaction”. Accessed March 11, 2021.

https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/47565, 2021.

United States Energy Information Administration. “How crude oil is refined into petroleum
products?”. Accessed March 12, 2021. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-
petroleum-products/refining-crude-oil-the-refining-process.php, 2020.

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph

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