MERRIE ANNE

P.BAGSIC
SCIENCE TEACHER
23451
PICTURE ANALYSIS

CARBOHYDRATE
PICTURE ANALYSIS

PROTEIN
PICTURE ANALYSIS

LIPIDS
PICTURE ANALYSIS

NUCLEIC ACID
 BIOMOLECULES
Objectives:
1.Recognize the major categories of
biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins and nucleic acids;
2.Differentiate the biomolecules from each
other in terms of their structure and
function.
1. carbohydrates 3. Nucleic acids

2. proteins 4. lipids
What are
BIOMOLECULES?
 Organic compounds made by
living things
 Compounds essential to life
 Also called biochemicals
 Some are very large - polymers
FOUR CATEGORIES OF
BIOMOLECULES

■CARBOHYDRATES
■LIPIDS
■PROTEINS
■NUCLEIC ACIDS
• The simplest biomolecules

• The word carbohydrate literally means

“HYDRATES OF CARBON”
(CH2O)n

• Contain 3 elements:
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
 provide energy and regulation of blood
glucose.
 prevents the breakdown of protein for
energy.
 Part of structural material of plants.
 Carbohydrates also help with fat
metabolism. If the body has enough
energy for its immediate needs, it stores
extra energy as fat.
Breaking down into microscopic molecules

Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide

Monosaccharide Disaccharide
 MONOSACCHARIDES
(mono-“one” sacchar- “sugar ”)
■simple sugars and monomers of
carbohydrates
■have a formula of (CH2O)n, and they
typically contain three to seven carbon
Monosaccharide atoms.
EXAMPLES OF
MONOSACCHARIDES
■GLUCOSE
■GALACTOSE
■FRUCTOSE
DISACCHARIDES
■form when two
monosaccharides undergo a
condensation reaction
EXAMPLES OF
DISACCHARIDES
■ MALTOSE
■ LACTOSE
■ SUCROSE
POLYSACCHARIDES
■A long chain of
monosaccharides linked by
glycosidic bonds.
EXAMPLES OF
POLYSACCHARIDES
■ STARCH
■GLYCOGEN
■CELLULOSE
 ACTIVITY 2. Carbohydrates
1. What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
2. What are the elements that make up
carbohydrates?
1. What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
2. What simple sugar is present in fruits?
3. What carbohydrate is composed of two simple
sugars (monosaccharides) linked by a
glycosidic bond?
4. What disaccharide will form after the
condensation reaction between glucose and
galactose?
7. What way of representing carbohydrates is shown
in figure 1?
For items 8 – 10, identify whether the following is
monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide.
7. Maltose
8. Starch
10.Galactose

Figure 1
ACTIVITY 2. Carbohydrates
Figure 1
• A class of biological molecules
defined by low solubility in water
• The word lipid is derived from a
greek word “lipos” which means FAT
• Contain 3 elements:
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
 LIPIDS
FUNCTIONS

• Chemical messengers
• Storage and provision of energy
• Maintenance of temperature
• Membrane lipid layer formation
• Cholesterol formation
• The "fat-soluble" vitamins
CLASSIFICATION OF
LIPIDS
■ Fats and Oils
■ Waxes
■ Phospholipids
■ Steroids
■ Prostaglandins
 Fats and Oils
■ These are the most abundant of
the lipid compounds.
■ Triglycerides or triacylglycerols
– made up of a glycerol and 3
fatty acids
■ Lipids that are harder and less
greasy compared to fats.

■ Have high melting point at

solid at room temperature.
• Form part of the structure of the cell
membrane

• Important in the transport of lipids

in the body

• Made up of a glycerol,
phosphate group and two fatty acids
 • Also called sterols
• hydrophobic and insoluble
in water

• Examples:
• Cholesterol
• Estrogen
• Testosterone
  Biochemically synthesized from the
FATS fatty acid, arachidonic acid
 Produce fevers and inflammatory reactions
 Functions:
OILS
 Stimulate constriction of damaged blood vessels
 Induce labor and reproductive
processes
 Increase blood flow in kidneys
 Also known as POLYPEPTIDES

 Contain the following elements:

 Carbon
 Oxygen
 Hydrogen
 Nitrogen
 Immunoglobulin
G (IgG)

Enzymes carry
out almost all of
the thousands of
Phenylalaninehy
chemical
droxylase
reactions that
take place in
cells.
 Also called as
POLYNUCLEOTIDES

 Large molecules used by

living organisms for the
storage and transmission of
genetic information.

 Made of:
 Carbon
 Hydrogen
 Phosphorus
 Oxygen
 Nitrogen
CLASSIFICATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
 to create, encode, and store
biological information in cells,
and serve to transmit and
express that information
inside and outside the nucleus.
What will happen if we take too
much or too little supply of glucose?
 ASSESSMENT
 Identify the words inside the box and place it to the categories of biomolecules where it belongs such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acid

   

   

   

Oils Glycogen Fatty acids Steroids

DNA Enzymes Starch

Glucose Amino acids Cellulose

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acid

Starch  Oils Amino Acids   DNA

Glucose  Fatty Acids Enzymes  

Glycogen  Steroids  

Cellulose
 List the food that you will going to eat when you at
home and identify it whether it contains
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Send your answers
online via messenger or email.