is a discipline of understanding

extremely small things, using

commonly accepted experimental
and theoretical techniques.

is a multidisciplinary field that explores

the properties, phenomena, and
applications of materials at the
nanoscale.
refers to the manipulation of matter on
an atomic or subatomic scale.

is the application of nanoscience

principles to create practical devices
and systems. It involves the
manipulation of materials and
structures at the nanoscale to
produce new functionalities or
enhance existing ones.
one nanometer (nm) is one billionth, or 10th one human hair (cross section) is about
of a meter. 100,000 nanometers.
 How to View

Nano
Materials
Presented by Olivia Wilson
 Electron microscope
Utilizes a particle beam of electrons to light up a specimen and develop a
wellmagnified image.

Reproduction of an early electron

A transmission electron An image of an ant in a
microscope constructed by Ernst
microscope from the 2000s scanning electron microscope Ruska in the 1930s
Atomic force
microscope
It makes use of a mechanical
probe that gathers information
from the surface of a material.
 Scanning
tunneling
A 1986 STM from the collection of Musée
d'histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève
microscope
It enables scientists to view and manipulate
nanoscale particles, atoms, and small
A large STM setup at the London
Centre for Nanotechnology

molecules.
 What is

NANOMANUFACTURING
& its

APPROACHES
 WHAT IS
NANOMANUFACTURING
 NANOMANUFACTURING
- Nanomanufacturing refers to
the development of processes
for the creation of structures,
devices, and systems at the
nanoscale (1-100 nanometers).
- It focuses on scaled-up, reliable, and cost-
effective production.
-This technology allows for the creation of
new products and significantly improves
existing materials.
 APPROACHES in
NANOMANUFACTURING

Bottom-up Top-down
fabrication fabrication

Builds products from Starts with larger

the ground up, like materials and breaks
constructing with Lego them down into
blocks on an atomic nanoscale structures.
scale.
 APPROACHES in
NANOMANUFACTURING
Bottom- Examples:
up
fabricati
on Chemical
Vapor
Sol-Gel Deposition Plasma or
involves self- Processing: (CVD): Creates Flame
assembly or Makes thin films by Spraying:
ceramics, breaking down Melts & sprays
directed glasses & thin chemicals on a material to coat
assembly of films from a surface. surfaces.
atoms and liquid.
Laser
molecules to Pyrolysis:
Microemulsi
create Uses a laser
on: Stable
beam to
complex break down
mixture of oil
& water
structures. materials
using a
surfactant.
 APPROACHES in
NANOMANUFACTURING
Top- Examples:
Down
Fabricat
ion Laser
Ablation:
Lithography Uses a laser Sputtering
starts with : Creates beam to Deposition:
bulk patterns on a remove Creates thin
surface using material from films by
materials and light or a a surface. ejecting atoms
utilizes beam of from a target
electrons. material using a
techniques to Pulsed plasma.
reduce them Electrochemical
Etchin:g Uses Vapor Deposition:
to nanoscale electrical pulses to Creates thin films
features. remove material
from a surface in
by depositing
material in a vapor
an electrolyte
state onto a
solution.
surface..
New Approaches
to the Assembly
of Nanomaterials
Dip Pen Lithography
The tip of an atomic force microscope is "dipped"
into a chemical fluid and then utilized to "write" on a surface.

Self-Assembly
A set of components joins together to mold an
organized structure in the absence of an outside direction.

Chemical Vapor Deposition

Chemicals act in response to form very
pure, high-performance films.
Nanoimprint Lithography
Generating nanoscale attributes by
"stamping" or "printing" them onto a surface.

Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Depositing extremely controlled thin films.

Roll-to-Roll Processing
Constructing nanoscale devices on a roll
of ultrathin plastic or metal.

Atomic Layer Epitaxy

Laying down one-atom-thick layers on a
surface.
Distinct
Features of
Nanoscale
Distinct Features of Nanoscale

Nanotechnology involves operating at a very

small dimension and it allows scientists to make
use of the exceptional optical, chemical, physical,
mechanical, and biological qualities of materials of
that small scale
Distinct Features of Nanoscale
1. Scale at which much biology occurs
2. Scale at which quantum effects dominate
properties of materials
3. Nanoscale materials have far larger
surface areas than similar masses of
larger-scale materials.
-Nanotechnology is not a single technology; it may
become pervasive.

-Nanotechnology seeks to develop new materials

with specific properties.

-Nanotechnology may introduce new efficiencies

and paradigms which may make some natural
resources and current practices uncompetitive or
obsolete.

-It may be complicated to detect its presence

unless one has the specialist tools of
nanotechnology.
EXAMPLE OF AREAS AFFECTED
POSSIBLE BENEFITS CONCERNS
BY NANOTECHNOLOGY

-Improved detection and moval

-High reactivity and toxicity
of contaminants
ENVIRONMENT -Pervasive distribution in the environment
-Development of benign
-No nano-specific EPA regulation
industrial processes and materials

-Ability to cross cell membranes and

translocate the body
HEALTH -Improved medicine
-No FDA approvalneeded for cosmetics or
supplements

-New jobs
-Better products -Redistribution of wealth
ECONOMY
-New jobs -Potential cost of cleanups and healthcare.
-Accessibility to allincome levels