Lecture 3.

Extra Practice
1. Two relations involving word meanings are antonymy and synonymy. Which
relation is illustrated in each of the pairs of words below?
a) flourish-thrive
b) intelligent-stupid
d) young-old
c) casual-informal
e) uncle-aunt
f) intelligent-smart
g) flog-whip

2. It was noted in the lecture that a single form can have two or more meanings.
Depending on whether these meanings are related to each other, this
phenomenon involves polysemy or homophony. Which of these two relations is
exemplified by the forms below?
a) leech: a bloodsucking worm; a hanger-on who seeks advantage
b) range: a cooking stove; a series of mountains
c) key: an instrument used to apply to a lock; an answer sheet for a test or
assignment
d) steal/steel: rob; a type of metal
f) race: a competition, often involving speed; people belonging to the same
genetic grouping
g) flower/flour: a type of plant; finely ground wheat

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3. Three semantic relations among sentences were covered in the lecture:
paraphrase, entailment, and contradiction. Which of these relations is exemplified
in each of the following pairs of sentences?
a) I saw Timothy at the anniversary party. It was Timothy that I saw at the
anniversary party.
b) Jules is Mary’s husband. Mary is married.
c) My pet cobra likes the taste of chocolate fudge. My pet cobra finds chocolate
fudge tasty.
d) Vera is an only child. Olga is Vera’s sister.
e) It is fifty kilometers to the nearest service station. The nearest service station is
fifty kilometers away.
f) My cousin Bryan teaches at the community college for a living. My cousin Bryan
is a teacher.

4. In discussing the nature of meaning, we noted that it is necessary to distinguish

between intension and extension. Describe the intensions and the extensions of
each of these phrases.
a) the president of the United States
b) the Queen of England
c) the capital of Canada
d) women who have walked on the moon
e) my linguistics professor