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Acknowledgements
Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge Illustrations
English Corpus, a multi-billion word collection of spoken and
Ilias Arahovitis (Beehive Illustration) pp. 28 (T), 54; Russ Cook
written English. It includes the Cambridge Learner Corpus,
pp. 14, 21 (R), 28 (B), 55, 58, 71, 82; Nigel Dobbyn (Beehive
a unique collection of candidate exam answers. Cambridge
Illustration) pp. 6, 8, 12, 16, 33, 47, 56, 65; Mark Draisey pp. 4,
University Press has built up the Cambridge English Corpus
10,13, 24, 53, 57, 63, 72; Mark Duffin pp. 27, 32, 40, 48, 66, 78;
to provide evidence about language use that helps to produce
Tony Forbes (Sylvie Poggio Artists Agency) pp. 21 (L), 22, 25,
better language teaching materials.
35, 51, 62, 70; Pablo Velarde pp. 36, 60, 83.
This product is informed by English Profile, a Council of
The publishers are grateful to the following contributors:
Europe-endorsed research programme that is providing detailed
text design and layouts: emc design Ltd; cover design: Andrew
information about the language that learners of English know
Ward; picture research: emc design Ltd; audio recordings:
and use at each level of the Common European Framework of
produced by IH Sound and recorded at DSound, London; edited
Reference (CEFR). For more information, please visit
by Liz Driscoll.
www.englishprofile.org
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following
sources of copyright material and are grateful for the
permissions granted. While every effort has been made,
it has not always been possible to identify the sources of
all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders.
If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy
to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting.
Photo acknowledgements
p. 8: (T/L) Wolf Avni/Shutterstock, (T/C) Rafael Martin-
Gaitero/Shutterstock, (T/R) Gratien Jonxis/Shutterstock, (B/L)
Nemar74/Shutterstock, (B/C) George Rodger/Getty, (B/R) Pal
Teravagimov/Shutterstock; p: 11 (T) Four Oaks/Shutterstock,
(B) Airn/Shutterstock; p. 13 GeoPic/Alamy; p: 15 (T) Tagstock1/
Shutterstock, (CT) Emilio Gomez/Shutterstock, (CB)
Hamideddine Bouali/Corbis, (B) Religious Images/UIG/Getty;
p. 19: (T) Martin Child/Getty, (C) jennyt/Shutterstock, (B) StfW/
Alamy; p.26: Florilegius/Alamy; p. 30: Roussel Bernard/Alamy;
p. 31: Pyty/Shutterstock; p. 38: ZUMA Press, Inc./Alamy;
p. 39: Ivan Arlandis/ActionPlusCorbis; p. 41: Inti St Clair/Getty;
p. 43: (T) Wikimedia unified mark is a trademark of the
Wikimedia Foundation and is used with the permission of
the Wikimedia Foundation. They are not endorsed by or
affiliated with the Wikimedia Foundation. (B) Syda Productions/
Shutterstock; p. 44: (TL) JM Travel Photography/Shutterstock,
(TC) ivavrb/Shutterstock, (TR) Ramon Espelt Photography/
Shutterstock, (CL) lillisphotography/Getty, (C) Ramon Espelt
Photography/Shutterstock, (CR) Brian Kinney/Shutterstock,
(BL) Celso Diniz/Shutterstock, (BC) Joakim Lloyd Raboff/
Shutterstock; p. 45: Tim Dobbs/Shutterstock; p. 61: Oliver
Strewe/Getty; p. 67: Janine Wiedel Photolibrary/Alamy;
p. 69: epa european pressphoto agency b.v./Alamy; p.73: (T)
Halfpoint/Shutterstock, (C) Lithiumphoto/Shutterstock,
(B) l i g h t p o e t/Shutterstock; p. 75: Alexander Ishchenko/
Shutterstock; p. 77: Golden Pixels LLC/Shutterstock; p. 80:
Renata Sedmakova/Shutterstock; p. 81: Robin Weaver/Alamy.
Front cover photo by Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.

84 Acknowledgements
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