based on the adapted national baccalaureate exam specifications 2024

Prepared by

Mohamed BIHI Abdelghani QOUHAFA Youssef BEN CHBIR

Supervised by

Mrs F. JELLOUL

2023 - 2024
 Content
Vocabulary............................................................................................................................................. 3
Education ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Cultural Issue and Values............................................................................................................. 4
The Gifts of Youth ......................................................................................................................... 5
Women & Power ........................................................................................................................... 6
Humour ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Advances in Sciences and Technology........................................................................................ 7
Citizenship .................................................................................................................................... 8
Sustainable Development............................................................................................................. 9
Grammar ............................................................................................................................................. 10
Table of English Tenses ............................................................................................................. 11
Gerund / Infinitive or Both ........................................................................................................... 12
Modals ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Conditionals ( 1 and 2 )............................................................................................................... 14
Relative Pronouns ...................................................................................................................... 15
Reported Speech ........................................................................................................................ 16
Passive Voice ............................................................................................................................. 21
Linking Words ............................................................................................................................. 22
Grammar Practice....................................................................................................................... 24
Tenses..................................................................................................................................... 24
Gerund or Infinitive .................................................................................................................. 25
Conditionals 1/ 2 ..................................................................................................................... 27
Relative Pronouns ................................................................................................................... 27
Linking Words.......................................................................................................................... 27
Reported Speech, Passive Voice, Conditionals ..................................................................... 28
Functions ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Making and responding to request ............................................................................................. 31
Expressing lack of understanding and asking for clarification ................................................... 32
Complaining - Talking about Complaints.................................................................................... 33
Apologizing ............................................................................................................................... 33
Asking for and giving advice ....................................................................................................... 34
Expressing Opinion..................................................................................................................... 35
FUNCTIONS PRACTICE .................................................................................................................... 35
Glossary .............................................................................................................................................. 42
Phrasal Verbs ............................................................................................................................. 42
Phrasal Verbs Practice ............................................................................................................... 43
Irregular Verbs ............................................................................................................................ 44

1
2
Vocabulary

3
 Education
A- MATCH WORDS FROM [A] AND [B] TO MAKE CORRECT COLLOCATIONS:
Notice: more than one collocation can be made:
[A] [B] Answers

1. Non-formal a. Areas 1. => ……

2. Have b. management 2. => ……
3. School c. Systems 3. => ……
4. Note-taking d. School 4. => ……
5. Higher e. Education 5. => ……
6. Boarding f. Uniform 6. => ……
7. University g. Skills 7. => ……
8. Rural h. skills 8. => ……
9. Educational i. Access 9. => ……
10. Academic j. Education 10. => ……
11. Time k. Graduate 11. => ……
B- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST:
management - subject - education - gap - attention - access
1. Many students who come from rural areas have …………………………… to boarding
schools.
2. Note-taking and time …………………………… are necessary skills for every student to
pursue their higher…………………………… successfully.
C- GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS:
1. There’s a high (illiterate)…………………………. rate in the countryside in Morocco.
2. Reducing the dropout rates in Morocco will be an important (achieve) ………………....

Cultural Issue and Values

A- MATCH WORDS TO THEIR CORRECT DEFINITIONS:
1. A stereotype
2. Human Values
3. Culture shock
4. Cultural heritage
5. Table manners
6. Cultural diversity
7. Local customs
Answers
a. The way you eat your food, or the socially acceptable way to eat your
food, especially when eating a meal with others.
b. A set of principles and beliefs such as honesty, fairness, respect,
responsibility, caring.
c. The existence of a variety of cultural groups with different languages,
religions and ethnic backgrounds within a society.
d. Refers to the impact of moving from a familiar culture to one that is
unfamiliar.
e. Are traditions and practices belonging to a certain place.
f. The inherited tangible and intangible artifacts, traditions, customs,
beliefs, practices, and values passed down through generations within a
society or community.
g. A generalized belief about a particular category of people.

4. ….. 1. …..
5. ….. 2. …..
6. ….. 3. …..
7. …..

4
B- GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS:
1. Having a lot of ethnic groups and races is referred to as cultural (diverse) ………….….…..
2. Moroccans are (hospitality) …………………………., they feel like welcoming guests.
3. Every summer, a lot of (culture)………….………………events take place in Morocco.
4. Some parents show a lot of (tolerant)………………….……. towards their kids’ behavior.
5. Morocco is a tourist (attract)…………………………..for its nice weather, the hospitality
and (kind)………………….….. of its people.
C- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST:
misunderstanding - subject - education - subjected - superstition
1. Some dark-skinned players are ………………….…..to racism by angry fans.
2. Cultural awareness allows to avoid ………………….…..
3. The belief in the evil-eye may lead people to believe in ………………….…..

The Gifts of Youth

A- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST:
tolerant - impatient - care - ambitious - rebellious - audacity
1- Teenagers have enough ………………….….. to show their talents in public.
2- Teenagers who are ………………….….. strive to make their dreams come true.
3- My brother is …………………………, he hates waiting in long queues.
B- MATCH WORDS FROM [A] AND [B] TO MAKE CORRECT COLLOCATIONS:
[A] [B]

1. Generation a. a dream
2. Voice b. opportunities
3. Fulfill c. talents
4. Job d. gap
5. Artistic e. an opinion
1 …… 2 …… 3 …… 4 …… 5 ……

C- GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS:

1. Hassan Elfed is a (gift) …………….….….. comedian. He is famous for his good sense of
humour.
2. I really like your mood. You always look active and (energy) …………………………..
3. Amanda is such a (care)………….……………… girl. I can’t rely on her anymore.

5
 Women & Power
A- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST:
violence - mindset - balance - polygamy - opportunities - violated
1. Women struggle for equal …………………….. in getting access to higher positions.
2. Social …………………….. defines women as more emotional, weaker, and more obedient than
men.
3. Many women rights are …………………………. by a patriarchal society.
4. Working women need to strike a …………………….. between their work and family life.
B- COMPLETE WITH THE RIGHT WORD USING THE FIRST LETTER:
1. The aim of this campaign is to raise women’s a………………………. about the importance of
education so as to encourage them to attend L……………………….. classes.
2. Despite the new r………………………. of the Family Code, underage marriages are
increasing in Morocco.
C- GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS:
1. Some women attained great ……………………… (achieve) in …………………………
(differ) ……………………… domains in life.
2. Women are still fighting for their ………………………………… (emancipate).
3. Women contribute to the …………………….. (develop) of our society just like men.
4. Everyone is …………………………… (freedom) to express their opinion and beliefs.
5. Men and women should help to………………………(improvement) their society.
6. Women associations are calling for …………………………… (equal) and many other rights.

Humour
A- MATCH WORDS FROM [A] AND [B] TO MAKE CORRECT COLLOCATIONS:
[A] [B]

1. sense of a. a joke
2. burst into b. comedy
3. crack c. humour
4. facial d. laughter
5. stand-up e. expressions

1 …… 2 …… 3 …… 4 …… 5 ……

6
B- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST:
laughter - funny - silly - fun - humour - sense - grimaces
1. Mr. Bean is gifted in using his …………………. as well as facial expressions.
2. We have …………………. together. My grandfather really has a good …………………. of
humour .
3. Mohamed Bassou excelled in criticizing many serious issues in a very ………………….. way.
4. The show was hilarious It just caused a lot of …………………. in the audience.

C- GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS:

1. Eko is a famous Moroccan (art) ………………………….; his performances always show great
talent and (creative)………………………
2. Children’s (addict) ………………..……... to smart phones is increasing. These means of
(entertain)…………………….. are isolating them from the real world.

Advances in Sciences and Technology

A- GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS:

1. Recent developments in (medical) ………………….. have given sick people a lot of hope.
2. ICT stands for (inform) …………………………. And communication technology.
3. Scientists build upon (science)…………………………. discoveries to create new tools.
B- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST:

have access - pay attention - computer system - have fun - take care - computer illiterate

Jane: I tried to ……………………………to this new website, but I couldn’t. Can you show me how
to do that ? You know I am almost a ………………………..
Mary : Well, just wait a minute ! I’ll show you how to do that, but you have to
…………………………… so that you can remember the steps.
Jane : Ok, let’s try.
C- MATCH WORDS FROM [A] AND [B] TO MAKE CORRECT COLLOCATIONS:
[A] [B]

1. create a. system
2. send b. a video
3. upload c. an account
4. a computer d. appliance
5. an electronic e. a friend request

1 …… 2 …… 3 …… 4 …… 5 ……

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 Citizenship
A- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST:

right - common - obey - active - service - take - voluntary - anthem

1. Anna is an ………………….…….. citizen, she always takes part in ………………….……..

work in many hospitals and charitable institutions.
2. People should consider the ………………….…….. good of their community.
3. Students should pile up community ……………….…….. experiences that help them get a job.
4. We all should ………………….…….. the law as we are all equal.
B- MATCH WORDS FROM [A] AND [B] TO MAKE CORRECT COLLOCATIONS:
[A] [B]

1. human a. citizenship
2. dual b. work
3. community c. good
4. voluntary d. obligation
5. common e. rights
6. moral f. service

1 …… 2 …… 3 …… 4 …… 5 …… 6 …….

C- GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS:

1. I don’t know where I can get a (member)……………………………… to join the English club.
2. I’m sorry for this (understanding) ………………………….; I didn’t mean to hurt you.
3. I finally got my first salary. I now feel (independence) …………..……………of my parents.
Yet, I still need to help (need) ………………………… people.
4. It is (danger) ………………………… to ride a motorcycle without wearing a helmet.
5. Active (citizen)................................. can be defined as the (involve) ............................. of
citizens in public life through their (participate) ...................................... in the
communities' projects that can (contribution) ……………………….. to the improvement
of people's living conditions.
6. NGOs receive (finance) ……………………….. support depending on their activities and
commitment.

8
 Sustainable Development

1. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST:

eradicate - preserve - species - plant - drought - countries - take - recycling –

development

1. Endangered……………………….. are animals that are very likely to become extinct in

the near future because Human exploitation for meat or leather.

2. Farmers can’t grow grain this year because of ………………………..

3. People use a lot of plastic items and they often throw them away afterwards, I think
………………………..waste would reduce land pollution.

4. We should ……………………….. trees in order to ……………………….. the forests.

5. Approximately, four to five million children each year in developing ……………………..

die due to acute respiratory infections.

2. GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS:

1. Human beings shouldn’t (pollution) ……………………… the environment where they are living.
2. Climate change is (harm) ……………… to all creatures.
3. When the forest is (destroy) ………………………., the life of animals is influenced negatively.
4. The (reintegrate) …………………………… of prisoners in society is essential.
5. Pollution threatens the (survive) ………………………… of many species in our planet.
3. MATCH WORDS FROM [A] AND [B] TO MAKE CORRECT COLLOCATIONS:

[A] [B]

1. Non-governmental a. areas
2. Social b. organization
3. Green c. countries
4. Endangered d. development
5. developing e. justice
6. sustainable f. species

1 …… 2 …… 3 …… 4 …… 5 …… 6 …….

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Grammar

10
Table of English Tenses

11
 Gerund / Infinitive or Both

Note :
The meaning can change with some verbs that can be followed by both infinitives and
gerunds. Here are examples of verbs with a change in meaning depending on the form used:

Remember:
Infinitive: He remembered to call his mother. (He remembered to perform the action of
calling his mother.)
Gerund: He remembered calling his mother. (He remembered the action of calling his

12
mother, possibly implying that he remembered the experience or conversation.)

Stop:
Infinitive: She stopped to eat lunch. (She stopped what she was doing in order to eat lunch.)
Gerund: She stopped eating lunch. (She ceased the activity of eating lunch, possibly
indicating that she was interrupted or lost her appetite.)

Regret:
Infinitive: I regret to inform you that the event has been canceled. (I feel sorry to perform
the action of informing you.)
Gerund: I regret canceling the event. (I feel sorry for the action of canceling the event,
implying responsibility or remorse.)

Try:
Infinitive: He tried to solve the problem. (He attempted to perform the action of solving the
problem.)
Gerund: He tried solving the problem. (He attempted the action of solving the problem,
possibly indicating an approach or method.)

Forget:
Infinitive: They forgot to lock the door. (They neglected or failed to perform the action of
locking the door.)

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 Modals

Conditionals ( 1 and 2 )
Conditional Form examples use
conditional

If it rains, I will stay in. We use the first

(If + Present Simple,will / won’t + conditional when we
First

infinitive) If I get enough money , I talk about future

will buy a new phone
I am not taller so I
don’t play basketball
conditional
situations, we believe
are real or possible.
The second

(If + Past Simple, would / could / conditional is used to

Second

might +infinitive) If I were taller, I would imagine present or

play basketball. future situations that
are impossible or
unlikely in reality.
 I don’t have money, so
I will not lend it to you.
If I had the money,
I would lend it to you

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 Relative Pronouns
The most common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, that, why, when,
where. Here is relative pronouns list, meanings and example sentences:

Pronouns Meaning Example Sentences

WHO Relates to people(subject) They caught the women who spied for North
Korea.

WHERE Refers to places They visited the street where they lived.

WHY Refers to reason I don’t know the reason why she doesn’t like
ice cream.

WHEN Refers to time Valentine’s Day is a day when people are

happy.

WHICH Relates to animals and objects I lost my wallet which my mother gave me.

WHOSE Refers to possession She is the woman whose sister lives in

London.

WHOM Relates to people(object) Michael, whom you saw in Texas, is an

engineer.

THAT Relates to people, animals and The man that died yesterday was my uncle.
things
The bracelet that my father bought was a gift

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 Reported Speech
Basic tense chart

The tenses generally move backwards in this way (the tense on the left changes to the tense
on the right):

Present Simple Past Simple

I'm a teacher. He said he was a teacher

Present continuous Past continuous

I'm having lunch with my parents. He said he was having lunch with his
parents.

Present perfect simple Past perfect simple

I've been to France three times. He said he had been to France three times.

Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

I've been working very hard. He said he had been working very hard.

Past simple Past perfect

I bought a new car. He said he had bought a new car.

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

It was raining earlier. He said it had been raining earlier.

Past perfect Past perfect

The play had started when I arrived. NO CHANGE POSSIBLE

Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

I'd already been living in London for five NO CHANGE POSSIBLE
years.

There are some modal verbs that change tense in reported speech. The most commonly used
are:

16
 will would
I'll come and see you soon. He said he would come and see me soon.

can could
I can swim under water for two He said he could swim under water for two
minutes. minutes.

must had to
All tickets must be bought in advance. He said that all tickets had to be bought in
advance.

Have to / has to had to

All tickets have to be bought in He said that all tickets had to be bought in
advance. advance.

shall should
What shall we do about it? He asked what we should do about it.

may might
May I smoke? He asked if he might smoke.
Am/ Is going to was going to
I am going to swim under water for He said he was going to swim under water for two
two minutes. minutes
Are going to were going to
We are going to swim under water for They said they were going to swim under water
two minutes. for two minutes

Reported questions:

1. Wh-questions

Examples: Direct questions Indirect questions

"Where does Peter live?" She asked him where Peter lived.

"Where are you going?" She asked where I was going.

"Why is she crying?" He asked why she was crying.

2. Yes / no questions.

This type of question is reported by using 'ask' + 'if / whether' + sentence:

17
 Examples:

Direct questions Indirect questions

"Do you speak English?" He asked me if I spoke English.

"Are you British or American?" He asked me whether I was British or American.

"Is it raining?" She asked if it was raining.

"Have you got a computer?" He wanted to know whether I had a computer.

"Can you type?" She asked if I could type.

"Did you come by train?" He enquired whether I had come by train.

"Have you been to Bristol before?" She asked if I had been to Bristol before.

3. Reported orders.

Direct Imperative Speech Reported Imperative Speech

"Please close the door." He asked me to close the door.

"Don't be late for the meeting." He ordered me not to be late for the meeting.

"Pass me the salt, please." He requested me to pass him the salt.

"Shut the window, please." He asked me to shut the window.

"Do your homework." He ordered me to do my homework.

18
Reporting verbs

Reporting verbs, also known as communication verbs, are the verbs that we use in reported
speech, to tell someone what someone else has said.

Reporting

Verb Direct Speech Example Reported Speech Example

"Why don't we go for a walk?" she

Suggest suggested. She suggested going for a walk.

Advise "You should study more," he advised. He advised me to study more.

Warn "Be careful of the icy roads," they They warned us to be careful of the

warned us. icy roads.

Promise "I will be there on time," she She promised to be there on time.
promised.

Inform "The meeting has been rescheduled," They informed us that the meeting

they informed us. had been rescheduled.

"Yes, I agree with your proposal," he

Agree agreed. He agreed with my proposal.

"I'm sorry for the inconvenience," she

Apologize apologized. She apologized for the

inconvenience.

"You should try this restaurant,"

Recommend she recommended. She recommended trying that

restaurant.

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Time and place references

Time and place references often have to change.

20
 Passive Voice
Tense Active Passive
Present simple I make a cake. A cake is made (by me).
Present I am making a cake. A cake is being made (by me).
continuous
Past simple I made a cake. A cake was made (by me).
Past continuous I was making a cake. A cake was being made (by me).
Present perfect I have made a cake. A cake has been made (by me).
Past perfect I had made a cake. A cake had been made (by me).
Future simple I will make a cake. A cake will be made (by me).

Passives with Modals:

 The rule in the passive is easy: modal + be + past participle.

Active Verb Passive Verb Example

can see can be seen That painting can be seen in the Louvre.

should do should be done The work should be done on time.

would sell would be sold The tickets would be sold there if possible.

might finish might be finished It might be finished by next week.

must pay must be paid Employees must be paid on the last day of
the month.

Is going to buy Is going to be bought A present is going to be bought.

Are going to eat Are going to be eaten Sandwiches are going to be eaten.

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 Linking Words

Linking Words Examples

Purpose Jim is studying English. (He wants) to get a better job.

in order to / so as to + We can say the same thing in many ways:

infinitive
● Jim is studying English in order to get a better job.

● Jim is studying English so as to get a better job.

● Jim is studying English so that he can get a better job.

so that+ can/ could /
will / would

Addition She has many problems. She has no money.

Moreover – Also - In  She has many problems. Moreover, she has no money.
addition – furthermore -
not only……. but also He is very intelligent. He is well organized.

 He is very intelligent. Also, he is well organized.

She is a successful woman. She manages her life.

 She is a successful woman. In addition, she manages her life.

 She is not only a successful woman but also manages her

life.

Contrast Older generations often prefer traditional music. Younger

generations do not
But / whereas / while
 Older generations often prefer traditional music, whereas

younger generations do not.

 Older generations often prefer traditional music, but

younger generations do not.

22
 Cause We didn’t play football because it was raining.
Because –
since – as  We didn’t play football because it was raining.
 We didn’t play football as it was raining.

 We didn’t play football since it was raining.

Due to / because of /
thanks to / owing to +  We didn’t play football due to the fact that it was raining.
noun / the fact that  We didn’t play football due to rain.

Effect Prices were reduced by 20%. Sales increased.

As a result - Consequently  Prices were reduced by 20%. As a result, sales increased.

– Therefore – for this
reason  The company is expanding. There are jobs on offer.

 The company is expanding. Consequently, there are jobs

on offer.

A hurricane has been announced. Air traffic will be disrupted.

 A hurricane has been announced. Therefore, air traffic will

be disrupted.

23
 Concession She has many diplomas. She is jobless.
However – yet –
nevertheless  She has many diplomas. However, she is jobless.

 She has many diplomas, yet she is jobless.

Although – though –even
though  She is jobless although she has many diplomas.

 She is jobless though she has many diplomas.

 She is jobless despite the fact that she has many diplomas.

In spite of / despite +  She is jobless in spite of the fact that she has many
noun / the fact that diplomas.

 She is jobless in spite of her many diplomas.

Grammar Practice
Tenses
A. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE:

When he (finish) ..…………………… his studies in Europe, Kamal returned to Morocco.

Now he (work) ..…………………… as a teacher at a university. He (just/publish)
..…………………… a book on study skills.
B. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE:

a. “It’s the best novel I (read/ever..…………………… …………”, Antonio told the teacher.
b. By this time next week, Jounes (join) ..……………………… the summer camp in Ifrane.
C. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE:

Jane: (You take) ..………… ………………………… your driving test yet?

Badre: Not yet, I’m still taking driving lessons. I hope I (finish) ..…………………… ..…next
month.
D. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE:

a. Gnawa festival (take) ………………………… place in Essaouira every year.

b. Amine (work) ………………………… as an engineer before he emigrated to Canada.
c. By the end of July, we (finish) ………………………… all our exams.
E. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE:

Last Monday, while firemen (try) ………………………… to put out the fire in the forest, two
helicopters (join) ………………………… them. Unfortunately, most of the trees were
destroyed. We hope that by the end of 2019, the local authorities (replant)
………………………… the forest.

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Gerund or Infinitive
A. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION (GERUND OR INFINITIVE) TO COMPLETE
EACH SENTENCE:

1. She enjoys in the pool every morning.

a) swim
b) swimming
2. He promised me with my homework tonight.
a) help
b) to help
3. They decided early to avoid traffic.
a) leave
b) to leave
4. I can't stand for long periods of time.
a) wait
b) waiting
5. She prefers home and read rather than going out.
a) stay
b) to stay
6. They always avoid about their personal lives.
a) talk
b) b) talking
7. He needs a new car as soon as possible.
a) buy
b) to buy
8. I enjoy to classical music while I work.
a) listen
b) listening
9. She hopes a new job before the end of the month.
a) find
b) to find
10. They agreed at the coffee shop tomorrow morning.
a) meet
b) to meet

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Modal verbs
A. COMPLETE THE DIALOGUE BELOW WITH THE WITH THE FOLLOWING MODAL VERBS:

Can / must / have to / should /may / mustn't / might / can't

Dialogue:

Teacher: Good morning, class! Today we're going to talk about school rules. Let's start with
punctuality. Why __________ students arrive late to class?

Student 1: Because they oversleep, miss the bus, or get stuck in traffic.

Teacher: Exactly. So, students, what __________ you do to avoid being late?

Student 2: Well, we __________ set our alarms earlier, leave home on time, and plan our
routes carefully.

Teacher: Excellent suggestions. Remember, students, you __________ be punctual to every

class. It's important for your learning and respect for your classmates and teachers.

Student 3: What about using phones during class, Miss?

Teacher: Ah, good question. Students, you __________ use your phones during class unless
it's for a learning activity approved by me.

Student 4: But sometimes we need to check messages from our parents or emergencies.

Teacher: Yes, you're right. In those cases, you __________ ask for permission first.

Student 1: What if we finish our work early?

Teacher: If you finish early, you __________ quietly do some independent reading or work
on other assignments.

Student 2: And what if we need to leave the classroom during the lesson?

Teacher: You __________ leave without asking for permission unless it's an urgent situation.

Student 3: So, we __________ leave the classroom to go to the restroom without asking?

Teacher: No, you __________ leave without permission. Please raise your hand and ask first.

Student 4: Got it, Miss.

Teacher: Great! Now, let's move on to the next topic.

26
Conditionals 1/ 2
A. COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE USING THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB PROVIDED:
1. If it rains tomorrow, we (stay) at home.
2. If she (pass) her exam, she will be very happy.
3. He will buy a new car if he (save) enough money.
4. If I (finish) my work early, I will go to the movies.
5. If they (arrive) late, they will miss the beginning of the concert.
6. She (be) late if she doesn't leave soon.
7. If you (need) help, just ask me.
8. He (feel) better if he takes some medicine.
9. We (have) a picnic if the weather is nice tomorrow.
10. If he (miss) the bus, he will have to walk to work.
Relative Pronouns
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT RELATIVE PRONOUN FROM THE LIST
PROVIDED: (WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, WHY)
1. The day ………………………… we went to the zoo was very hot.
2. The woman ………………………… he invited to dinner is his boss.
3. The company ………………………… he works for is well-known.
4. The time ………………………… we arrived at the party, it was already midnight.
5. The reason ………………………… he was late was the traffic.
6. The place ………………………… they had their wedding was a beautiful garden.
7. The doctor ………………………… she saw recommended more exercise.
8. The book ………………………… I'm reading is a bestseller.
9. The moment ………………………… I saw her, I knew she was the one.
10. The situation ………………………… we found ourselves was quite challenging.
Linking Words
A. JOIN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS GIVEN:
(PUNCTUATE THE SENTENCES CORRECTLY)

1. Many people learn computer skills. They want to get better jobs. (so as to)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Taoufik had family problems. He couldn’t concentrate on his work. (because of)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Hamid did a great job. He wasn’t offered a better position. (though)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Souad didn’t come to the show. She was sick. (owing to)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. We were unable to get financial support. We had to abandon the project. (therefore)
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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The government has launched a project. The government wants to reduce illiteracy. (in
order to)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Many African countries have natural resources. They still suffer from poverty. (however)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Jane was often absent from work. Her director dismissed her. (as a result)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I will try to see you this afternoon. I have so many things to do. (although)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Thousands of people are driven out of their homes. Civil wars in many parts of the world. (due
to)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Anass was waiting for his teacher. He wanted to get his mark. (so that)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Jamila didn’t attend the meeting. Her son was ill. (since)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Smoking is very dangerous. It should be forbidden in public places. (consequently)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Many people still use plastic bags. They are dangerous for the environment. (despite)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Reported Speech, Passive Voice, Conditionals
A. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED:
1. "I am reading a book," he said.
He said.…………………………………………………………………………
2. The company produces cars in Japan.
Cars …………………………………………………………………………
3. He doesn't have free time, so he will not visit me.
If he…………………………………………………………………………
4. "Did you finish your homework?" she asked.
She wanted to know ……………………………………………………………………
5. It isn't sunny outside, so children will not go for a walk.
If it…………………………………………………………………………
6. " Close the door," he told her.
He ordered her…………………………………………………………………………
7. The teacher will assign the homework tomorrow.
The homework …………………………………………………………………………
8. "Where is the nearest post office?" she inquired.
She wanted to know………………………………………………………………………
9. They are building a new house on the corner.
A new house …………………………………………………………………………

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10. She doesn't speak Spanish, so she can't explain the tourist the way to the castle.
If she…………………………………………………………………………
11. "Don't touch that!" he warned.
He warned him…………………………………………………………………………
12. My mother doesn't have time, so she will not cook dinner.
If my mother…………………………………………………………………………
13. Someone has already cleaned the kitchen.
The kitchen…………………………………………………………………………
14. She will send the invitation later.
The invitation…………………………………………………………………………
15. They don’t live far from work, so they don’t use public transport.
If they…………………………………………………………………

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Functions

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 Making and responding to request
A request is asking someone to do a favor or for something. It’s important to be polite when
doing so. Making and responding to a request can be done in different ways.

Making Request
 Could you, please…….?  Do you think you could………?
 Can you………….?  Could you possibly…….?
 Will you……….?  I wonder if you could possibly………?
 Is there any chance you could…?
 Do you mind (verb+ing)………? (it is like saying: Is there a problem if….?)
 Would you mind (verb+ing)………? (it is like saying: Is there a problem if….?)

Responding to request

Accepting request

 Yes, sure.  Certainly yes.  Sure, no problem.

 Sure.  With pleasure.
 Yes, of course.  Sure, don’t worry.

Refusing request

 Oh sorry, I can’t.  I am afraid, but I can’t.

 I just can’t, I am sorry.  Certainly not.

Examples:

Speaker 1: Could you please help me with this exercise?

Speaker 2: Yes, of course.
Speaker 3: Do you mind going with me to the market?
Speaker 4: No, I don’t mind (accepting request)
Speaker 5: Would you mind giving your brother a lift downtown?
Speaker 6: Yes. (refusing request).

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 Expressing lack of understanding and asking
for clarification
How to express lack of understanding

When you fail to understand what has been said to you, you can use these
expressions:

 I beg your pardon?

 I beg your pardon, but I don't quite understand.
 I'm not quite sure I know what you mean.
 I'm not quite sure I follow you.
 I don't quite see what you mean.
 I'm not sure I got your point.
 Sorry, I didn't quite hear what you said.
 Sorry, I didn't get your point.
 I don't quite see what you're getting at.

How to ask for clarification

When you don't understand what someone has said, you can ask for clarification
using the following expressions:
• What do you mean by...?
• Do you mean...?
• Could you say that again, please?
• Could you repeat please?
• Could you clarify that, please?
• Would you elaborate on that , please?
• Could you be more explicit?
• Could you explain what you mean by...?
• Could you give us an example?
• I wonder if you could say that in a different way.
• Could you put it differently, please?
• Could you be more specific, please?
Clarifying one's point or idea

To clarify your idea, you can use the following expressions:

• Let me explain that...

• Let me explain that in more detail...
• Let me put it in another way...
• Sorry let me explain...
• In other words...
• To say this differently...

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 • To put it differently...

Complaining - Talking about Complaints

Complaining: Here are expressions you can use when complaining:
• I have a complaint to make. ...
• Sorry to bother you but...
• I'm sorry to say this but...
• I'm afraid I've got a complaint about...
• I'm afraid there is a slight problem with...
• Excuse me but there is a problem about...
• I want to complain about...
• I'm angry about...
Responding to complaints
Positive response to complaints:

 I'm so sorry, but this will never occur / happen again.

 I'm sorry, we promise never to make the same mistake again.
 I'm really sorry; we'll do our utmost/best not to do the same mistake again.

Negative response to complaints:

 Sorry there is nothing we can do about it.

 I'm afraid, there isn't much we can do about it.
 We are sorry but the food is just alright.

Apologizing

Making apologies
•
 I do apologize for...
• I must apologize for...
• I apologize for...
• I'd like to apologize for...
• I am so sorry for...
• I shouldn't have...
• It's all my fault.
• I'm ashamed of...
• Please, forgive me for...
• Excuse me for ...
• I'm terribly sorry for...
• Pardon me for this...
• Please, forgive me for my....
• Please, accept my apologies for...

Accepting apologies:

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 • That's all right.
• Never mind.
• Don't apologize.
• It doesn't matter.
• Don't worry about it.
• Don't mention it.
• That's OK.
• I quite understand.
• You couldn't help it.
• Forget about it.
• Don't worry about it.
• No harm done.

Asking for and giving advice

Asking for advice Giving advice

• What do you think I should do?
• What should I do?
• What do you suggest?
• What do you advise me to do?
• If you were me, what would you do?
• What ought I to do?
• Do you think that I should…?
• If I were you, I would/wouldn’t….
• If I were in your shoes/position, I would…
• You had better/ you’d better…..
• You should…
• Your only option is to….
• Why don’t you….?
• Have you thought about….?
• Have you tried…?

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 Expressing Opinion
Asking for opinion Giving opinion
• What's your opinion about .... ?
• What’s your point of view about .... ? • In my opinion, ...
• What do you think of .... ? • In my point of view, ...
• What's your attitude towards .... ? • I think / guess / believe that..
• What’s your say about .... ? • For me / To me, ...
• How do you feel about .... ? • As far as I m concerned, ...
• Do you think / believe that .... ? • As I see it, ...
• It seems to me that ...
• If you ask me, ...
• To be honest, ...
Agreeing • Personally speaking, ...
• To my mind, …
• I agree.
• I share the same view.
• I think so / 1 believe so. Disagreeing
• That’s exactly how I see it.
• That's exactly what l was thinking myself. • I disagree.
• I couldn’t agree more. • I don’t agree.
• That's right / You’re right. • I don't share the same view.
• I’m for it. • Sorry to say it, but you're wrong.
• Yes, of course. • I’m not sure I agree with you.
• I'm against it.
• I don’t think so.
• I see what you mean, but...
• That's true, but...
FUNCTIONS PRACTICE
A. MATCH THE SENTENCES WITH WHAT THEY EXPRESS.
1.
a) apologizing
1. You’d better do some exercises in the notebook. b) complaining
2. Could you close the window, please? c) giving advice
3. I’m sorry to say this, but your dog was barking all night. d) asking for
4. Sorry, what do you mean by “gender”? clarification
e) making a request

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2.
1. You should review your lessons regularly. a) asking for opinion
2. I apologize for my behavior. I was under a lot of stress. b) complaining
3. In my view, parents should control their children’s use of the c) giving advice
internet. d) giving opinion
4. Do you think married women should stay at home? e) apologizing

3.
1. A : It’s Mother’s Day. Why don’t we buy something for mum?
a) giving opinion
B : I think you’re right.
b) agreeing
c) asking for advice
2. In my view, jogging is the best sport.
d) making a request
3. Can you show me how to update my antivirus?
e) giving advice
4. I have difficulties understanding French texts. What should I
do?

4.
a) apologizing
1. You’d better see a doctor for this terrible headache. b) asking for
2. Could you show me the way to the bus station, please? clarification
3. Sorry, I couldn’t answer your call. I was in a meeting. c) making a request
4. I beg your pardon, but I don’t quite see what you are getting d) giving advice
at. e) lack of
understanding

5.
1. A : I think mothers work harder than fathers.

B : I wouldn’t go along with you. I think they both work equally a) giving opinion
hard. b) making a request
c) complaining
2. Sorry to bother you, but the book I bought has some missing d) disagreeing
pages. e) asking for opinion
3. I was wondering if you could lend me your tablet.
4. I don’t think Tom’s second marriage is a success.

6.
a) making a request
1. Sorry, I didn’t get your point. Do you mean that brain drain is
b) apologizing
another form of emigration?
c) asking for advice
2. In my point of view, this is the most beautiful island on earth.
d) asking for
3. Do you mind if I use your laptop for a minute?
clarification
4. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to be rude.
e) giving opinion

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 7.
1. I’m thinking about buying a new phone. What kind a. responding to a request
of phone do you suggest? b. complaining
2. No, I don’t mind. c. giving opinion
3. It’s okay, everyone makes mistakes. d. responding to an
4. I don’t think you should change school. The teachers are apology
great. e. asking for advice

8.
a) giving advice
1. I'm afraid I've got a complaint about your child. He's too noisy.
b) disagreeing
2. I advise you to brush your teeth on a regular basis.
c) making a request
3. I’m really sorry for not attending your birthday party.
d) complaining
4. That’s not always the case.
e) apologizing

B. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER BY CROSSING (X) A, B, OR C.

1. If I were you, I …………………. tell them the truth.

a) will b) would c) should
2. Would you mind …………………. me some money ?
a) to send b) send c) sending
3. The secretary : …………………. check these files?
The boss : Yes, sure.
a) I was wondering if you b) Do you think c) Would you mind
could
4. Tom : It’s all my fault we missed the train. I should have woken up early.
Adam : ………………….
a) Forget about it. No harm done.
b) What’s your opinion about bullying ?
c) Excuse me ! I didn’t realize this was your seat.

5. A : I apologize for my behaviour. I was under a lot of stress.

B : ………………….
a) I was wondering if I b) Never mind ! c) I hope you will forgive
could get more me for being late. I had a
materials? I need them flat tire.

6. Customer : Excuse me, I have a complaint to make. The Tajine that I ordered is cold ; I really can’t
eat it like this.

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 Waiter : ………………….
a) Oh ! I’m terribly sorry sir. We had a problem in the kitchen that’s why your order was delayed.
b) Oh really ? Never mind !
c) Oh ! I’m awfully sorry. I will make sure to heat it right away.
7. Neighbour1 : ………………….
Neighbour2 : Well, I’m afraid there is nothing I can do about it. My son is a little boy.
a) I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise when I’m busy working.
b) Sorry to say this, but your son broke the window of my house.
c) I’m afraid I have to make a complaint. You broke my phone screen.
8. Sarah : I feel tired and dizzy.
Lisa : …………………, don’t leave the bed if it is not necessary.
a) That’s exactly how I b) In my opinion c) I don’t think so.
feel.
9. Alex : …………………. ?
John : I think I like it.
a) What do you think b) What should we do to c) I partly understand
about the film stay healthy

10. ………………….what you said ?

a) Sorry, I don’t understand b) Sorry, I don’t have his number c) Sorry, what’s your name?

11. The teacher said: Physics is the study of atoms. But, the student is confused. what expression
do you think he will say?
a) I don't get that. b) let me explain c) sorry I will repeat
more. that.
12. A : It’s the worst film we’ve seen.
B : ………………….
a) You should lie down and have some rest.
b) I wouldn’t say that.
c) I must take some rest, too.

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C. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONVERSATIONS APPROPRIATELY.

1. Layla: Do you think browsing on the internet is difficult?

Monica: Mm… _________________________. We just need more practice.

2. Roni: I’m thinking about going camping next holiday. What do you think?

Laura: _____________________________.

3. Jack: What do you think of our new jackets?

Jill: It’s a lovely jacket ever. I’m satisfied with the model.

Jane: Yes, _____________________. I like the model. We’d better order again next year.

4. Mr Parker: Excuse me, there seems to be something wrong with my car. It has broken down

again. You said you had fixed it.

Mechanic: _______________________. I think it’s the radiator. I’ll look into the problem.

5. Kate: ____________________________ the computer I purchased at your store. You told me it

was in good condition, but it seems it won’t start.

Operator: ____________________________. I’ll connect you to the support department immediately.

6. A: I signed the contract with our new business partner.

B: Sorry, ______________________________.

A: I said that I had a meeting, and we clarified the terms.

B: Which terms? ________________________________ .

A: _____________________. We agreed that the length of the contract would be one year, but it can

be cancelled.

7. Teacher : It’s cold in here. _________________________________ ?

Student : ________________________________.
Teacher : Thank you.
Student : You’re welcome, sir.

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 8. (Sam is asking his teacher for some tips on how to improve his English more quickly).
Sam : Excuse me, Sir. Can I talk to you for a minute?

Teacher : Yes, Sam. How can I help you?

Sam : Well, I need to improve my English fast. I need a C2 level of English for my new job, and I
don’t know what to do. _____________________ ?
Teacher : Of course. So, in my opinion, one of your main problem areas is listening comprehension.
___________________________________ . You can listen to podcasts too.
Sam : ___________________________________.

D. WHAT WOULD YOU SAY IN THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS?

1. You are staying in a hotel and the room is dirty.
You : (complain to the hotel manager) …………………………………………………………
2. Your friend: You look tired. What’s the matter?
You: I have a terrible pain in my leg. (ask for advice) …………………………………………
You friend: Well, (give advice) …………………………………………………………………
You: Yes, you are right.
3. Michael: Could you please scan this document for me?
You: (respond to this request) …………………………………………………………………
4. You didn’t bring your textbook to class today. Apologize to your teacher and give a reason.
You: …………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. You need a mobile to call your parents. Make a request to your friend.
You: ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Father: The use of the internet may have bad effects on your studies.
You: (express disagreement) …………………………………………………………………
7. You don’t know the meaning of the word matrimony.
You: (ask your teacher for clarification) …………………………………………………………
8. Your friend: Do you think computers will replace teachers?
You: (give your opinion) …………………………………………………………………………

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9. Your friend: I’m really sorry. I didn’t know you were sleeping.
You: (accept the apology) ………………………………………………………………………
10. Your teacher: The government should invest more in renewable energies.
You: (ask for clarification) …………………………………………………………………

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Glossary
Phrasal Verbs

42
Phrasal Verbs Practice

43
Irregular Verbs

44