The following equations can be used to calculate the dew points of several acids

commonly found in incinerator flue gases, where TDP is the dew point in degrees Kelvin
and P is the partial pressure in mmHg:

Hydrobromic acid

1,000 / TDP = 3.5639 – [0.1350 ln(PH2O)] – [0.0396 ln(PHBr)] + [0.00235 ln(PH2O) ln(PHBr)]

Hydrochloric acid

1,000 / TDP = 3.7368 – [0.1591 ln(PH2O)] – [0.0326 ln(PHCl)] + [0.00269 ln(PH2O) ln(PHCl)]

Nitric acid

1,000 / TDP = 3.8614 – [0.1446 ln(PH2O)] – [0.0827 ln(PHNO3)] + [0.00756 ln(PH2O) ln(PHNO3)]

Sulfurous acid

1,000 / TDP = 3.9526 – [0.1863 ln(PH2O)] + [0.000867 ln(PSO2)] - [0.000913 ln(PH2O) ln(PSO2)]

Sulfuric acid

1,000 / TDP = 2.276 – [0.0294 ln(PH2O)] – [0.0858 ln(PH2SO4)] + [0.0082 ln(PH2O) ln(PH2SO4)]

1000/Tdp = 2.276-0.0294*ln(PH O)-.0858*ln(PH SO ) + 0.0062*ln(PH O)*ln(PH SO )

2 2 4 2 2 4

Where, Tdp = Acid Dew Point PH O = Partial pressure of water in the flue gas PH SO = Partial pressure of
2 2 4

sulfuric acid in the flue gas

The dew point is in degree K and partial pressures in mm Hg.

For example, if a flue gas contains 12 % volume of water vapor and 0.02 % volume SO and say 2 % of
2

SO converts to SO3, compute the sulfuric acid dew point.

2

Gas pressure = 10 in wg or (10/407) =0.02457 atmg or 1.02457 atma.PH O =0.12 * 1.02457 * 760 = 93.44 mm
2

Hg.ln(PH O) = 4.537PSO = PH SO .PSO = 0.02 * .0002 * (64/80) * 760 * 1.02457 = 0.0024917ln(SO ) = -6Note
2 3 2 4 3 3

that 2 % conversion is on weight basis and hence we multiplied and divided by the molecular weights of SO and
2

SO in the above calculation.

3
1000/Tdp = 2.276 -0.0294 * 4.537 + 0.0858 * 6-0.0062 * 4.537 * 6 =
2.489Or Tdp=402 K or 129 C or 264 F

The percent conversion of SO to SO is calculated in the Combustion Model Sheet based on an algorithm
2 3

thataccounts for the sulfur in the coal and specific ash constituents (Fe O ).
2 3

Q: How do I calculate dew point when I know the

temperature and the relative humidity?
A: Relative humidity gives the ratio of how much moisture the air is
holding to how much moisture it could hold at a given temperature.
This can be expressed in terms of vapor pressure and saturation vapor pressure:
RH = 100% x (E/Es)
where, according to an approximation of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
E = E0 x exp[(L/Rv) x {(1/T0) - (1/Td)}] and
Es = E0 x exp[(L/Rv) x {(1/T0) - (1/T)}]
where E0 = 0.611 kPa, (L/Rv) = 5423 K (in Kelvin, over a flat surface of
water), T0 = 273 K (Kelvin)
and T is temperature (in Kelvin), and Td is dew point temperature (also in
Kelvin)
So, if you know the temperature, you can solve for Es, and substitute the
equation for E into the expression for relative humidity and solve for Td
(dewpoint).
--Michael Bell

AJ Dew Point Equations Formulas Calculator

Meteorology Weather Water Vapor

Solving for dew point temperature.

Inputs:
 Top of Form
relative humidity (f)
temperature (T)

Conversions:
relative humidity (f) = 0 = 0
temperature (T) = 0 = 0 celsius

Solution:

dew point temperature (TD) = HAS NOT BEEN CALCULATED

Other Units:

Change Equation
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relative humidity

Solve for relative humidity.

Solve for actual vapor pressure.

Solve for saturated vapor pressure.

dew point relative humidity

relative humidity

temperature

dewpoint temperature
References:
Martin Wanielista, Robert Kersten and Ron Eaglin. 1997. Hydrology Water Quantity and
Quality Control. John Wiley & Sons. 2nd ed.