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‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺓﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ‬
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‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬

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‫‪50‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫‪60‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫‪2022‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎًﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ‪ Microsoft Power BI‬ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺭﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢﺭﺅﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬

‫ﻓﻲﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺫﻛﺎء ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻔﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ‪ Power BI‬ﻛﺄﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺎً‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻊﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺳﺄﻋﺮﺽ ﻟﻚﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ Power BI‬ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻞ‪ .‬ﺑﺪءﺍً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪،‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﺲﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ– ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﻴﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

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‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﺃﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﻘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ‪ ،Power BI‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻬﻢﻳﻔﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ‪ Power BI‬ﻛﺄﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺎً‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻟﻲ ﺃﻧﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ‪ -‬ﺇﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮﺩﻏﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﺾ! ﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﺾ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻛﺎء ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء‪،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻊﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻲء ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ‪...‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

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‫ﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻟﻖ!‬

‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺳﺄﻋﺮﺽ ﻟﻚﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ Power BI‬ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻞ‪ .‬ﺑﺪءﺍ ًﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ – ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﻴﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

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‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﻤﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺳﺄﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1.8‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺻﻒ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﺻﻒ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺩﺙﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ‪/‬ﻗﺘُﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ 1000‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ ،CSV‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 29‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺍً‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ‪Unsplash‬‬

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‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩﻫﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻓﻬﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻞﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ؟ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅﻫﺪﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ؟ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ؟ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ "ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ" ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊﺍﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻫﺰﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺪءﺍ ﻣﻦﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺬﻭﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢﺟﺰءﺍً ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺎ‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺒﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫)ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻲ( ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪،Power BI‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻥﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ‪ -‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪-Star‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑﻳﻌﺠﺒﻚ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ...(:‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻹﺭﺿﺎء ﺃﻋﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﻣﺮﺋﻴﺎﺕ ‪ Power BI‬ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻥﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻴﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻟﺸﺨﺺﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ؟ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ؟‬
‫ﻛﻢﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺻﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﻨﺰ؟ ﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ ً‬
‫…‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞﻭﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻬﻼ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﻴﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎﻧﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ!‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻓﻬﻢﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻢ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ )ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺢ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺨﺪﻡﻏﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺇﻋﻄﺎء ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺋﻌﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢﺻﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻭﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎﺗﻲ؟ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ؟‬
‫ﻣﺎﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ؟ ﻣﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻻﺳﺘﻬﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻣﻊﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺎﺕ؟‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎً ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺭﺑﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻧﻤﺎﻁ ﻭﺃﻧﻤﺎﻁ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪:‬ﻫﻞ ﻧﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ؟‬

‫ﻻﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺋﻌﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻗﺒﺔﻭﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺻﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻭﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻓﻬﻢﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺤﻦ‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻭﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﻫﺎ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ "ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ" ‪ -‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺠﻴﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ "ﻗﻴﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ "ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ" ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪:‬‬

‫✓ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺃﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ؟‬

‫✓ ﺃﻱﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ؟‬
‫✓ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ؟‬
‫✓ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺃﺣﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﻟﻠﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ؟‬
‫✓ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ؟‬

‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺄﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ )ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﻴﺮﺓ(‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻓﻬﻢﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺪ‪ Power BI‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ! ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺲ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﺟﺢ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﻫﺎﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﺍء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻬﻢﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻗﺒﻞﺑﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺤﺐﺳﻮﺍﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﺘﺬﻛﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮﺃﻭﻻ ًﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ‪ ،CSV‬ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 1.8‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺻﻒ ﻭ‬
‫‪29‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺍً‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻨﻠﻘﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪:Power BI‬‬

‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻤﺤﻮﺍ ﻟﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻴﺰﺓ ﻭﺃﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‪) Power BI‬ﺃﻭ ‪ Power Query Editor‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﺍً( ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎً‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪءﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺟﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺄﺳﻤﺎءﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ‪ Power Query‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎً‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺭﺣﻠﺘﻨﺎ! ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺣﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ‪ Power BI‬ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﻤﺤﻮﺍ ﻟﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﺮﺡ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺫﻟﻚﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ‪ Power Query Editor‬ﻭﺍﺑﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﺗﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ!‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻧﻚﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊﺍﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﺎً‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺃﻧﺖﻳﺠﺐ…ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﻢﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻭﻣﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺎً‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎءﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻚ ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍًﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ CSV‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ Power Query Editor‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ SQL‬ﻛﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‪،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺪﺫﺍﺗﻬﺎ!‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎ‪،‬ﻛﺄﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﺄﻗﺘﺒﺲﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺛﻴﻮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺮﺓ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍًﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺐ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ‪...‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﺎﺛﻴﻮﺭﻭﺵ‪-‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﻂﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺪﺋﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻚ ‪ Power Query Editor‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﻂ‪ .‬ﺳﺄﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ "ﻋﺮﺽ" ﻭﺃﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻲﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢﺣﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ‪ %36‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮﺩﺓ ﻟـ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺮﺭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻼﺕﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺮﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﻝﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑـ ‪ N/A‬ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ )ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ(‪ .‬ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﺘﺨﻴﻞ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲﺭﻗﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦﻋﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )ﺃﻱ ﺑﺪﻻ ًﻣﻦ ‪ 7‬ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ‪،(7000‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﻨﻜﻮﻥﻗﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﺬﻟﻚ!‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺒﺪﺃﺑﺎﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﺑـ ‪ N/A‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻒﺑﺮﻭﺝﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺡ‪:‬‬

‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻛﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺴﺘﺒﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪ 0‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻥﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎً ﻭﺳﻬﻼ‪ ً،‬ﺃﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻭﻧﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻄﺮﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ؟ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮﻣﺎﺫﺍ؟! ﺑﻴﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﻮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺑﻴﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﻮﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ – ﻧﻌﻢ! ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ‪ ،M‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺘﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺎﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً! ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮﻧﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎﺗﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺄﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎء‪،‬ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻡ‪:‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﻟـ ‪BELT PARKWAY‬؟ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ CSV‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﺨﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻖ‪،‬ﻟﺪﻱ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨّﻚ ‪ Power Query‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮ!‬

‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﺋﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎﻧﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً‪،‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻧﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓ!‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺇﻏﺮﺍء ﺿﺮﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖﺯﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻟﻄﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﺕﻓﻲ ‪ .Power BI‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻣﺤﺮﺭ ‪.Power Query‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﻫﻞ ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟـ ‪ 29‬ﻟﺤﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ؟ ﺳﺄﺿﻊ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻦﻻ ﻧﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﺘﺒﻊﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ %90‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ )ﺷﻜﺮﺍً ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪Power‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮﺭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻀﻊ ﺛﻮﺍﻥ ٍﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً( ‪ -‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺑﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻀﺨﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺃﻱ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ؟!‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻵﻥﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ! ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﻧﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎءﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﻲء ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻊﺍﻝﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪.Power Query Editor‬‬

‫ﺳﺄﻗﻮﻡﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ )ﺃﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺃﻧﺎ( ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪،‬ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺃﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ! ﺃﻋﻨﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚﺑﻀﻊ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟـ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺪﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً(‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺠﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍً‪...‬ﺑﺪﻻ ًﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻬﻢﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺻﺪﻗﻨﻲ‪،‬ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ‪(:‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞﺃﻥ ﻧﺨﺘﺘﻢ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﺍً ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻟـ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢﺣﻔﻆ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺩﺗﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‪ ،Power Query Editor‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻚ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑﻧﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ!‬

‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﺪﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎءﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻨﻤﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺪﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺤﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺮﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺪﻣﺠﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ –ﻣﺤﺮﺭ ‪-Power Query‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻞﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ! ﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨّﻚ‪ ،Power Query Editor‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺟﺰءﺍً ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺰﺃ ﻣﻦ ‪ ،Power BI‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻼﺕﻣﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ ‪ M‬ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﺍً ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺨﺒﺮﻙ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪ Power BI‬ﻫﻲ "ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺭﺣﻠﺘﻨﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،Power BI‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪﺃﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﺍء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻗﺒﻞﺑﻨﺎء ﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ‪،‬ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻟﻌﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺤﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻠﺘﺬﻛﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝﺗﺼﺎﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲﻓﻌﺎﻝﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ .‬ﻟﻦ ﺃﺗﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺡﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ OLTP‬ﻭ‪OLAP‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪ Power BI‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎً ﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻮﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻻﺕﻭﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺻﻔﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ‪...‬‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺎً ﺑـ ‪- Power BI‬‬

‫ﻓﻬﻮﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩﻓﻲ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ!‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍﻛﻨﺖ ﺟﺎﺩﺍً ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ،(Power BI‬ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﺃﺅﻳﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺼﺢﺑﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪:‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟـ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻘﻠﻢ ﺭﺍﻟﻒ ﻛﻴﻤﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﻭﺱ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ" ﻟﻠﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﺮﺡﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭ‪ – Power BI‬ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ!‬

‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ! ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻘﺎﺵ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ‪ -‬ﻫﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ )ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎًﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ "ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻮﻥ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ؟‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺟﻲ ﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ‪ .Starschema‬ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻨﻲ ﻟﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﺮﺡ ﻟﻚ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ (:‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ‪Power BI‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻘﺎﺵ ﻣﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺪﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ﺣﻼ ًﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖﺍﻟﺤﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﺿﻲ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء – ﻓﻲ ﺭﺃﻳﻬﻢ‪Power BI ،‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺛﻢ‪،‬ﺃﻣﻴﺮ ﻧﺘﺰﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء ‪ Microsoft Analytics‬ﻓﻲ ‪، CTO‬ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻮﻙﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻳﺘﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍﻛﻨﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﻄﺎء‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﺒﺮﺍء ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﻦ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ‪ ،Power BI‬ﻣﺜﻞﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻳﻚ )ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻌﺐ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍﻣﻦﺃﻟﺒﺮﺗﻮ ﻓﻴﺮﺍﺭﻱ )‪.(SQL BI‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺓ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮﻙ!ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻟﺒﺮﺗﻮ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒﺃﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕ ‪ DAX‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ )ﺃﻭ ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﻥﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻓﻬﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ!‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻨﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء؟ ‪ ،30‬ﺃﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻞ‪،30 ،20‬‬
‫ﻭ‪40‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎً ‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍً ‪ 30‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟ ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪...Power BI‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ = ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ )ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ‪] 1‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ[(‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒﺑﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﺠﺤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ؟! ‪ 32‬ﺣﻘﺎ؟! ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ(‪...‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻌﻨﺎﻛﻞ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 320...320‬ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻣﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ‪) 10‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻮﻳﻼ! ﻫﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺫﺍ‪،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻤﻼﺋﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ‪ 32‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎً!‬

‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪،‬ﺳﺄﺑﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌُﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌُﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪﻗﻤﺖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً‪،‬ﺃﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻲ ﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻩ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎً‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ = ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ )ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء]ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ[(‬

‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‪،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺅﻛﺪ ﺃﻧﻨﻲ ﺳﺄﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ‪ DAX‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍً ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔﻣﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ؟ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥﺩﺍﻛﺲ‪.‬‬

‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺓ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً! ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪:‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ!‬

‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‪ Building Star‬ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ‪ DAX‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍً ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔﻣﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ؟ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥﺩﺍﻛﺲ‪.‬‬

‫‪37‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﻤﺎﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺠﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻨﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪ ،%90‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺃﻱ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ ‪ 9‬ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﻘﻲ ‪ 20‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺍً‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻮﻫﻠﺔﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻱ ‪ 5‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎءﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫✓ ﺑﻌُﺪﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫✓ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‬
‫✓ ﺑﻌُﺪﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ +‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻱ(‬
‫✓ ﺑﻌُﺪﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻢ‬
‫✓ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻷﻋﻄﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ )ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ(‪ ،‬ﺳﺄﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪38‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺄﻗﻮﻡﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ‪ 4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ )ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬
‫ﺑﻌُﺪﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ(‪ .‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎﺳﻨﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻌُﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻭﺳﻨﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪39‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺎً ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻌُﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺤﻦ‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ‪ M-1‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‪ .‬ﺳﺄﻗﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺝﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻌُﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺎ! ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ "ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ" ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ )ﻣﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ "ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺎً‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺑﺴﻂ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓﺍﻟﻨﺺ ‪ -‬ﻻ ﺣﺮﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ "ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬ﺳﻨﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪.‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ)ﺃﻭ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ( ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪41‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻳﻌﺪﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻲ ‪ Power Query‬ﺃﻣﺮﺍً ﺳﻬﻼ ًﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪42‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔﻟﻠﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ ،CSV‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﻃﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ ﺑﺄﻣﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻻ ًﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺇﻧﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﺳﺄﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺪﻣﺞ ﺑﻌُﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻲ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﺄﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺎً ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍً ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ )ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻱ(‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ‪ Power Query‬ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﺄﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺩﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺧﺬ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻤﺎﺕ ‪ BOROUGH‬ﻭ‪ - ZIP CODE‬ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻧﻈﻒﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻓﻮﺿﻰ ‪ -‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ‪ -‬ﺑﺪﻻ ًﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ‪،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ!‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺄﻃﺒﻖﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ( ‪ -‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓﻛﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺳﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺒﻌُﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﺭ ‪ Power Query‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ ﺟﺎﻫﺰﻳﻦ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪Power‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ‪ DAX.‬ﻭﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺑﻌُﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪BI‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ M‬ﻓﻲ ‪ ،Power Query‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﺍً ﻟـ ‪ ،DAX‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﻚ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ‪.Power BI‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﻬﺎﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻝﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﻌُﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪/‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ‪DAX‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒﺍﻟﺬﻛﺎء ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎءﺑﻌُﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ‪.SQL BI‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ=‬
‫( ( ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ]ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ[ ) ‪( ( VAR MaxYear = YEAR ) MAX‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ]ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ[ ) ‪VAR MinYear = YEAR ) MIN‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ )‬
‫ﻣﻨﻘﻲ)‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ) (‪،‬‬
‫( ‪[ ( <= MinYear، YEAR ) ]Date[ ( >= MaxYear‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ] ) ‪AND ) YEAR‬‬
‫(‪,‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻤﻴﺔ"‪] ) CY" & YEAR" ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ[(‪" ،‬ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ) ]ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ[‪" ،( "mmmm" ،‬ﺭﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ"‪] ) MONTH ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ[(‪،‬‬
‫"ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ) ]ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ[‪،( "dddd" ،‬‬
‫"ﺭﻗﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ"‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ )]ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ[(‪،‬‬
‫"ﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ"‪ "Q" ،‬ﻭ ‪ ) ) TRUNC‬ﺷﻬﺮ ) ]ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ[ ( ‪1 + ( 3 / ( 1 -‬‬
‫(‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪﺃﻥ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﻛﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺄﻗﻮﻡﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﻭﻝ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻫﻞﻳﺬﻛﺮﻙ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺸﻲء؟ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻤﺔ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺒﻌﺖﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ‪ Power BI‬ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ‪.Star‬‬
‫ﻻﺗﻨﺲ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ‪،Power BI Desktop‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ Power Query Editor‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻛﻮﺩ! ﺃﺳﻤﻌﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻤﻌﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﺍﻛﺲ‬
‫ﻻﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺑﻌُﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪(:‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻨﺎﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺑﺒﻂء‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‪،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ‪ Power BI‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻷﺩﺍء ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﺍء ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ DAX‬ﺃﺑﺴﻂ ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎﺷﻬﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ‪ Power BI‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ!‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻭﻧﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻌﺔ‪،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺸﺄﻧﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪49‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻓﺎﻕ ‪ -‬ﺑﺒﻂء ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻘﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺪﻓﻨﺎ ‪ -‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟـ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻬﺎءﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ Power BI‬ﻓﻘﻂ! ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻗﺒﻞﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰءﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ‪ Star‬ﻭ‪Power BI‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎً ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪،‬ﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻨﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺬﻩﺍﻟﺮﺅﻯ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﻴﺮﺓ ‪ -‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺣﺪﺱ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺪﺱ!‬

‫ﺗﻨﺼﻞ‪:‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﺎً ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻫﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺮﺃﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ )ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻭﻧﺎﺕ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺣﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻋﻀﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﺭﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﺳﻔﻮﺭﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻴﻴﻞﻣﺎﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﺳﻜﻮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺪ ﻫﺎﻓﻴﻨﺰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺪﺭﻳﻪ ﻻﺑﺎﺟﻨﻲ )ﺯﻳﺒﺮﺍ ﺑﻲ( ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‪.powerbi.tips‬‬

‫‪50‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ – ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ!‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻓﻊ ﺳﻮﺍﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻧﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬

‫‪.1‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬

‫ﻻﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺎً‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻞﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ! ﻓﺘﺮﺓ! ﻛﺨﻄﻮﺓ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ –ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻴﻦ‪.‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺓ‪ ...‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻤﺎﻁ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲﺣﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪.2‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﺍﻩ‪،‬ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺮﺡ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﺎ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲﻳﺠﺐﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪MICROSOFT POWER BI‬‬

 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ" ﻋﻤﺪﺍً‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻤﻨﻌﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﻬﻢ‬

‫ﻳﻨُﺼﺢﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﻦ ﺣﺬﺭﺍً ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻋﻴﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺗﻚ ‪%50‬‬
‫ﺃﻗﻞﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ )ﺗﺨﻴﻞ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎً‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎً‬
‫ﺟﺬﺏﺍﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫‪.4‬ﻛﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﻘﺎً!‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ! ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺴﺎﻕ؟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡﺑﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰء ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺷﺮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬

‫ﻋﺮﺽ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫‪.5‬ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎء‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ‪.Power BI‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ‪ .‬ﻟﻨﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﺗﻤﻴﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ًﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ )‪ .(Calibri‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺗﻬﺎ – ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺆﺩﻱﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ‬

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 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺃﻓﺘﺮﺽﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺃﻋﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ "ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺃﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً‪،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﺌﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺛﻢ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎً‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﻲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪:‬ﺃﻭﻻ‪ ً،‬ﺃﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ "ﺳﺮﺩﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪،‬ﺃﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎً‪،‬ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺪﺩﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎً ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﺘﺴﺨﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪ Power BI‬ﻟﺴﺮﺩ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء‪ ،‬ﻟﻦ ﻧﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﻤﺤﻮﺍ ﻟﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﺈﻳﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮﻡﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺻﻔﺤﺘﺎﻥ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺔ "ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻲ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬

‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺎً ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﺪﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺔ )ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ( ‪ -‬ﺭﺍﻗﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ – ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ!‬

‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﺣﺪﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﻘﻄﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ – ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻮﺭﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐﻓﺌﺘﻴﻦ – ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﺮﺽﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻤﺖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺄﻛﺮﺭﻫﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍً ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ "ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺎً" ﻣﻮﻫﻮﺑﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ‪ Power BI‬ﺫﻭ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻤﻜﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻊﺃﺧﺬ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻣﺘﻴﻨﺎً ﻹﻧﻬﺎء ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪ -‬ﺳﻨﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺋﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺔﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻦﻫﻨﺎ – ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﺬﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ ،CSV‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ )ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﺕﻣﻘﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺭﺅﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺻﻲﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ!‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝﺍﻟﺮﺅﻯ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺒﺪﺃﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺎ ًﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﻮﻥ‪ -‬ﻗﺘُﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ‪ 8‬ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﻛﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ!‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺻﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻼﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻘﻴﻦ! ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻟﻘﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺓﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺘﺠﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻤﻀﻲﻗﺪﻣﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬
‫‪-‬ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﺍ ًﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 4‬ﻭ‪ 5‬ﻣﺴﺎء‪ ً.‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺗﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻟﻬﻢﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺋﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻬﻢ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺇﻧﻬﺎﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %30‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ )‪ 9-8‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎً( ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭﻣﺘﻌﺒﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﻧﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ "ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍء" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻮﻫﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻘُﺘﻞﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﻛﻠﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎء ﻧﻤﻂ "ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ" ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﻴﻦ‪،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﺗﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺘُﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﺎﺋﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻘﻮﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ )ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ( – ﺃﺻﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻘﻮﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 4‬ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ!‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎً ﻫﻲ ‪ 11207‬ﻭ‪) 11101‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﻛﻠﻴﻦ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﻨﺰ(‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻛﺰﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺮﻭﺩﻭﺍﻱ )ﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﺗﻦ( ﻭﺃﺗﻼﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺃﻓﻴﻨﻴﻮ )‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﻛﻠﻴﻦ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻱ ‪ (11207‬ﻫﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﻮ ﺳﺎﻭﺙ ﻭﻳﻠﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔﻳﻮﺭﻙ!‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻚ!‬
‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎً‪،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻨﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ!‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓﻫﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ! ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔﻳﺤﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻙﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻨﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﺎً ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎً‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻫﻢ ‪ 5‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴُﺘﺤَﺴﻦَ‪:‬‬

‫✓ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕﺃﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﻴﻦ‬

‫✓ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐﺇﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻘﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ‪،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﻓﻮﻕ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻚﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺿﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻭﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺩﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ “ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍء”‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

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 ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ! ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺘﺬﻛﻴﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺪﺃﻧﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﻟﻰﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻭﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼﻮﺭﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺨﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ‪-‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪!Power BI :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻨﻲ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﺳﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫ﺣﻞﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ‪ - Power BI‬ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺃﺛﺒﺖﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ‪،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﻋﻦ "‪ Power BI‬ﻛﺄﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ!‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﺮﺍًﻟﻚ!‬

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