Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DISASTER a disaster.
q A serious disruption of the functioning of Pre-Disaster Risk Assessment
society; Issuance of advisories
q Causing widespread human, material or Evacuation
environmental losses which exceed the ability Relief Aid & Financial Assistance
of the affected society to cope using its own Rescue Operations
resources;
q Requires help from outside; Disaster Rehabilitation & Recovery
Restore & improve facilities and living
conditions and capacities of affected
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT communities and reduce risks in accordance
the systematic process of using administrative with the “build back better” principle.
directives, organizations, and operational o Reconstruction and improvement of
skills and capacities to implement strategies, houses, buildings, facilities (“Build
policies and improved coping capacities in Back Better”)
order to lessen the adverse impacts of DISASTER CONTINUUM (BEFORE, DURING &
hazards and the possibility of disaster.” AFTER)
PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & BEFORE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2010 1. Participate in the development of disaster
plans.
REPUBLIC ACT 10121 2. Participate in community risk assessment;
Known as the "Philippine Disaster Risk a. Elements of hazard analysis for all
Reduction and Management Act of 2010" hazards approach, hazard mapping,
Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk vulnerability analysis
Reduction and Management System 3. Initiate disaster prevention measures;
Providing for the National Disaster Risk Prevention or removal of hazard, movement /
Reduction and Management Framework relocation of at risk populations, public
Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk awareness campaigns, establishment of early
Reduction and Management Plan, warning systems
appropriating funds and for other purposes. 4. Perform disaster drills and table - top
exercises
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT 5. Identify education and training needs for all
(DRRM) nurses.
Disaster Mitigation & Prevention 6. Develop disaster nursing databases for
Disaster Preparedness notification, mobilization and triage of
Disaster Recovery & Rehabilitation emergency nurse staffing resources.
Disaster Response 7. Develop evaluation plans for all components
of disaster nursing response.
Disaster Prevention & Mitigation
Avoidance of hazards and the attempt to DURING
lessen the potential impacts hazards, by 1. Activate disaster response plan;
reducing vulnerabilities, exposure and a. Notification and initial response,
enhancing of capacities. leadership assumes control of event,
o Vulnerability & Hazard Analysis command post is established,
o Alarm and Early Warning Systems establish communications, conduct
o Flood Forecasting damage and needs assessment at the
o Geo-hazard mappings scene, search, rescue and extricate,
establish field hospital and shelters,
o Policy & Safety Standards
triage and transport of patients.
o Engineering interventions 2. Mitigate all ongoing hazards
o Flood control structures 3. Establish need for mutual aid relationships
4. Integrate state and federal resources
Disaster Preparedness 5. Ongoing triage and provision of nursing care
Establish and strengthen capacities of communities 6. Evaluate public health needs of the affected
to anticipate, cope and recover from the negative population
impacts of emergency occurrences and disasters. 7. Establish safe shelter and the delivery of
Contingency Planning adequate food and water supplies.
Prepositioning of Equipment 8. Provide for sanitation needs & waste removal
Enhancement of Coordination 9. Establish disease surveillance (e.g. establish
Training vector control)
10. Evaluate the need for / activate additional
Disaster Response nursing staff.
Provide life preservation and meet the basic
subsistence needs of the affected population based AFTER
1. Continue provision of nursing and medical 8. Resource Management
care 9. Integrated Communications
2. Continue disease surveillance
3. Monitor the safety of the food and water Sample Command Structure
supply
4. Withdraw from disaster scene
5. Restore public health infrastructure
6. Re – triage and transport of patients to
appropriate level care facilities
7. Reunite family members
8. Monitor long term physical health outcomes of
survivors
9. Monitor mental health status of survivors
10. Provide counselling and debriefing for staff
11. Provide staff with adequate time off for rest
12. Evaluate disaster nursing response actions
13. Revise original disaster preparedness plan.
Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI)
PANDEMIC RESPONSE Any call involving three or more patients
Any situation that requires a mutual aid
Pandemic Problems response
1. Lack of Training (protocols on handling Any incident that has the potential for one of
patients, documentation) these situations
2. Improper donning and doffing of PPEs an incident where the number of patients
3. Lack of supplies (alcohol, disinfectant and exceeds the amount of healthcare resources
etc.) available.
4. Lack of Isolation Facilities
5. Lack of oxygen supplies Triage
6. Lack of Manpower, benefits for the “Triage” means “to sort” patients based on the
Responders severity of their injuries.
7. Lack of Transportation (Public transport,
Assessment is brief and patient condition
ambulances)
categories are basic.
8. Lack of Testing Facilities
Primary triage is done in the field. Secondary
9. Border Control
triage is done as patients are brought to the
10. Policies and Guidelines Implementation
treatment area.
11. Leadership
12. Disconnect between managers and public Preliminary assessment of patients in order to
13. Communication determine the urgency and nature of
14. Malversation of funds treatment.
15. Recognition of the possibility of a Pandemic
MCI Basics
During a large scale incident such as a mass
casualty, it is important to have a MCI
notification system. Successful MCI
notification systems will:
o Internally: alert staff to activate MCI
protocols and prepare for a potential
surge of patients
o Externally: increase community
awareness
Some patients may arrive to the hospital
without having been assessed/ triaged at the
scene
MCI response requires efficiency and
coordination
Non-clinical personnel (including hospital
volunteers) can assist in moving patients to
designated areas based on level of care
Help gather patient information in the
emergency treatment area
Staff should review patients in clinical
assignment for any potential discharges/
transfers to make room for potential MCI
admissions, a process known as “surge
discharge”