EEE 303

Signals and Linear Systems

Instructor: Dr. Tishna Sabrina

Spring 2020

Lecture 3
Classification of Signals
Energy vs Power Signal
◼ If the energy of the signal is finite, then it is
called an energy signal.
◼ If the power of the signal is finite, then it is
called a power signal.

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Energy vs Power Signal
◼ If the energy of the signal is finite, then it is
called an energy signal.
◼ If the power of the signal is finite, then it is
called a power signal.

◼ Signal Energy, 𝑬 = ‫׬‬−∞

∞ 𝑳
𝒙(𝒕) 𝟐 𝒅𝒕 = 𝓛𝒊𝒎𝑳→∞ ‫׬‬−𝑳 𝒙(𝒕) 𝟐 𝒅𝒕

◼ Signal Power, 𝑷 = 𝓛𝒊𝒎𝑳→∞ 𝟐𝑳𝟏 ‫׬‬−𝑳𝑳 𝒙(𝒕) 𝟐 𝒅𝒕

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Energy vs Power Signal
◼ If the energy of the signal is finite, then it is
called an energy signal.
◼ If the power of the signal is finite, then it is
called a power signal.

◼ Signal Energy, 𝑬 = ‫׬‬−∞

∞ 𝑳
𝒙(𝒕) 𝟐 𝒅𝒕 = 𝓛𝒊𝒎𝑳→∞ ‫׬‬−𝑳 𝒙(𝒕) 𝟐 𝒅𝒕

◼ Signal Power, 𝑷 = 𝓛𝒊𝒎𝑳→∞ 𝟐𝑳𝟏 ‫׬‬−𝑳𝑳 𝒙(𝒕) 𝟐 𝒅𝒕

◼ Power of an energy signal is 0.
◼ Energy of a power signal is ∞.
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Energy vs Power Signal
◼ Periodic signals are assumed to exist for all
time from -∞ to +∞ and therefore have infinite
energy.
◼ Essentially they are power signals.
◼ On the other hand, bounded finite duration
signals are energy signals.

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Example
◼ Test whether x(t) is an energy signal or power
signal.

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Example
◼ Test whether x(t) is an energy signal or power
signal.

◼ It is an Energy Signal.

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Deterministic and Random Signals
◼ Deterministic signal is a signal about which
there is no uncertainty with respect to its
value at any time.
◼ Random signal is a signal about which there
is no certainty with respect to its value at any
time e. g., - noise, distortion etc.
◼ Any signal that is capable of carrying
meaningful information is in some way
random.

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Transformation of the independent variable
◼ A number of important operations are often
performed on signals.
◼ Most of these operations involve
transformations of the independent variable.
◼ Main three operations are –
➢ Shifting

➢ Reflecting and along time axis

➢ Time-scaling.

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The Shifting Operation
◼ x(t + a)→shift " a" amount to the left
◼ x(t - a)→shift " a" amount to the right

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Example 1.5.1
◼ When a signal repeats itself after a fixed time, it is
known as periodic.

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Example 1.5.1
◼ When a signal repeats itself after a fixed time, it is
known as periodic.

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Example 1.5.1
◼ When a signal repeats itself after a fixed time, it is
known as periodic.

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Example 1.5.1

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Example 1.5.1
◼ When a signal repeats itself after a fixed time, it is
known as periodic.

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Home Work
◼ Section 1.4
◼ Section 1.5.1

◼ Section 1.7

◼ Example 1.4.1

◼ Example 1.4.2

◼ Example 1.4.3

◼ Example 1.4.4

◼ Example 1.5.1
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