FPT UNIVERSITY

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Chapter 1:
Introduction to Statistics

Course Name: PROBABILITY & STATISTICS

Lecturer: Dr. Duong Thi Viet An

Hanoi, 2024

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Content

1 1.1 Big Picture of Statistics

2 1.2 Data

3 1.3 Collecting Data

4 1.4 Statistical Model

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 1.1 Big Picture of Statistics

1.1 Big Picture of Statistics

Why is Statistics?
Statistics allows you to understand a subject much more deeply.
Statistics helps us to make discoveries in science, make decisions
based on data, and make predictions.
Statisticians and statistical methods are important parts of the
pharmaceutical industry, social scientists, business practice,. . .

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 1.2 Data

1.2 Data

What is Statistics?

Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and

interpreting DATA in order to make decisions

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 1.2 Data

1.2 Data

Descriptive Statistics:
Involves organizing, summarizing, and displaying data.
e.g. Tables, charts, averages

Inferential Statistics:
Involves using sample data to draw conclusions about a
population.

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 1.2 Data

Statistical concepts

Population: the complete collection of all individuals to be studied.

Sample: Sub-collection of members selected from a population.
Data: consist of information coming from observations, counts,
measurements, or responses.
Parameter: a numerical measurement describing some characteristic
of a population.
Statistic: a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of
a sample.

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 1.2 Data

Big Picture of Statistics

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 1.3 Collecting Data

1.3 Collecting Data

Retrospective study: using historical data.

Observational study: A researcher observes and measures
characteristics of interest of part of a population.
Designed experiment: A treatment is applied to part of a population
and responses are observed

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 1.4 Statistical Model

1.4 Statistical Model

Mechanistic model: built from our underlying knowledge.

Example: Current = Voltage/Resistance, or I = U/R

Empirical model: uses our engineering and scientific knowledge of the

phenomenon:
Response = deterministic function + random error
Example: I = U/R + ε

Remark: ε is a term added to the model to account for the fact that
the observed values of current flow do not perfectly conform to the
mechanistic model.

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 1.4 Statistical Model

Sample Questions

Question 1: The process of using sample statistics to draw conclusions

about true population parameters is called ............
a) the scientific method.
b) statistical inference.
c) sampling.
d) descriptive statistics.
Question 2: Jared was working on a project to look at global warming
and accessed an Internet site where he captured average global surface
temperatures from 1866. Which of the four methods of data collection
was he using?
a) Surveying
b) Experimentation
c) Observation
d) Retrospective study

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