Pattern Explorer Begining

Beginning
Pattern Explorer products available in print or eBook form.

Beginning • Level 1• Level 2
Written by
Darin Beigie
Graphic Design by
Scott Slyter
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Pattern Explorer: Beginning Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About the Author.......................................................................................................................... iii
Introduction................................................................................................................................... iv
1. Pattern Predictor 1................................................................................................................... 1
2. Equality Explorer 1................................................................................................................... 3
3. Sequence Sleuth 1................................................................................................................... 4
4. Number Ninja 1........................................................................................................................ 5
5. Function Finder 1..................................................................................................................... 6
6. Pattern Predictor 2................................................................................................................... 7
7. Equality Explorer 2................................................................................................................... 9
These copyrighted pages are digitally coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.
8. Sequence Sleuth 2................................................................................................................. 10
9. Number Ninja 2...................................................................................................................... 11
10. Function Finder 2................................................................................................................... 12
11. Pattern Predictor 3.................................................................................................................. 13
12. Equality Explorer 3................................................................................................................. 15
13. Sequence Sleuth 3................................................................................................................. 16
14. Number Ninja 3...................................................................................................................... 17
15. Function Finder 3................................................................................................................... 18
16. Pattern Predictor 4................................................................................................................. 19
18. Sequence Sleuth 4................................................................................................................. 22
19. Number Ninja 4...................................................................................................................... 23
20. Function Finder 4................................................................................................................... 24
23. Sequence Sleuth 5................................................................................................................. 28
24. Number Ninja 5...................................................................................................................... 29
25. Function Finder 5................................................................................................................... 30
28. Sequence Sleuth 6................................................................................................................. 34
29. Number Ninja 6...................................................................................................................... 35
30. Function Finder 6................................................................................................................... 36
33. Sequence Sleuth 7................................................................................................................. 40
34. Number Ninja 7...................................................................................................................... 41
35. Function Finder 7................................................................................................................... 42
38. Sequence Sleuth 8................................................................................................................. 46
39. Number Ninja 8...................................................................................................................... 47
40. Function Finder 8................................................................................................................... 48
Hints.............................................................................................................................................. 49
Solutions...................................................................................................................................... 56
Sample.......................................................................................................................................... 84
ii © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

Pattern Explorer: Beginning About the Author
About the Author

Darin Beigie teaches mathematics at Harvard-Westlake School in Los Angeles, CA. He
develops curriculum and classroom materials to foster greater critical thinking and creativity
amongst his students. He publishes frequently in education and teaching journals. He is the
author of other books by The Critical Thinking Co.™, including the award-winning Mathematical
Reasoning™ Middle School Supplement (Grades 7-9), Math Analogies Level 3 (Grades 6-7)
and Level 4 (Grades 8-9), Dare to Compare Math Level 1 (Grades 4-5) and Level 2 (Grades
6-7), Pattern Explorer Level 1 (Grades 5-7) and Level 2 (Grades 7-9), and Critical Thinking
Detective™ – Math (Grades 6-12+). Darin began his career with a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics
at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, CA, followed by a Research and Teaching
Fellowship at Cornell University’s Center for Applied Mathematics in Ithaca, NY. Darin’s
volunteer work at public middle schools inspired him to become a school teacher, and he has
since taught middle school mathematics in New York, Massachusetts, and California.
© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 iii

Pattern Explorer: Beginning Introduction
Introduction
Mathematics and science can be thought of as a search for patterns and structure. Discovery and
insight comes when patterns are recognized and structure is understood. From a developmental
perspective, the ability to recognize a pattern signals the transition from concrete to abstract
thinking. So having children explore pattern problems helps sensitize them to the discovery
process that provides a foundation for authentic learning and abstraction.
The pattern problems in this collection are divided into 5 themes: Pattern Predictor, Equality
Explorer, Sequence Sleuth, Number Ninja, and Function Finder. To maximize diversity and
variation, these themes appear in rotating order for a total of 40 activity sets (8 sets per theme).
The activities are independent and self-contained, but they tend to build on one another and get
slightly more sophisticated as the collection progresses. So students are generally encouraged
to work on the earlier sets first and build up from there, although they should feel free to pick and
choose as well.
The patterns are appropriate for children in Grades 3-4, although their experiences with these
activities may vary widely depending upon readiness for abstraction. Younger students may
find each activity to be like a small project, worthy of rich exploration and deep thinking. Older
students may be equipped to uncover patterns with much greater agility and speed. In all
situations, and at whatever pace and facility, the transition from concrete to abstract thinking is
worthwhile.
All activities provide space for work to be shown, but students are encouraged to have scratch
paper at hand in case uncovering a pattern merits deeper investigation, such as guess-and-check,
drawing diagrams, and making lists or charts. Calculators are never needed, and their use is
discouraged.
Each activity is accompanied by hints and solutions, in separate sections following the activities.
The hints provide occasional nudges to help steer a student in the right direction. The solutions
are generally detailed and comprehensive. There are many ways to solve and explain a pattern
problem, and the solutions we provide are not intended to be unique. The reader may come up
with many other wonderful ways to solve and describe the patterns. The answers, however, are
usually unique.
We encourage students to pursue these pattern problems with a sense of adventure and
perseverance. Some pattern discoveries may come quickly, while others may require patience
and determination. Regardless, the pattern exploration offers rich and authentic experiences in
mathematical reasoning.
iv © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

Pattern Explorer: Beginning Activities
1. Pattern Predictor
1.1.Pattern 1 1
Predictor
Pattern
Predictor 1 1
1. Look at the
1. Look pattern
at the andand
pattern thenthen
draw stage
draw 5. For
stage 5. Forlater stages,
later make
stages, a drawing
make if itifhelps
a drawing you
it helps
1.
1. answer
Look Look
at the
the at the pattern
pattern
questions.and
you answer the questions. and
then then
draw draw
stagestage
5. 5.
For For
later later stages,
stages, make make
a a drawing
drawing if it if
helpsit helps
you answer
you answer the questions.
the questions.
stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4 stage 5
stagestage
1 1 stagestage
2 2 stagestage
3 3 stagestage
4 4 stagestage
5 5
2. How many unshaded circles 3. How many shaded circles

2.2. How
How many
2. there
How unshaded
manymany circles
unshaded circles 3.3. How
How many
many shaded
shaded circles
circles
are atunshaded
stage 5? circles 3. How
are many
there atshaded
stage circles
5?
areare are there
there
there at at at stage
stage
stage 5?5?5?
areare
are there there at at
atthere
stagestage 5?5?
stage
5?
4. What is the total number of circles at stage 6? How many of these circles are
4. What
4. What is theistotal
unshaded? the total
How number
many number
ofofthem of are
circles
circles at stage
atshaded?
stage 6? How
6? How manymany of these
of these circles
circles are are
unshaded?
4.unshaded?
What is the How How
many
total many of
of them
number them are
are shaded?
of circles shaded?
at stage 6? How many of these circles are unshaded? How
many •oftotal:
them_____
are shaded?
• total:
• total: _____ _____
• unshaded:
• total: _____ _____
• unshaded:
• unshaded: __________
• shaded: _____
• unshaded:
• shaded:
• shaded: _____
_____ _____
• shaded: _____
5. What
5. What is theistotal
unshaded? the total
How number
number
many ofofthem of are
circles
circles at stage
atshaded?
stage 7? How
of these circles
circles are are
unshaded? How many of them
unshaded? How many of them are shaded? are shaded?
5. What •istotal: _____
the total number of circles at stage 7? How many of these circles are unshaded? How
• total:
• total: __________
many •ofunshaded:
them are shaded?
_____
• unshaded:
• unshaded: __________
• total:• shaded:
_____ _____
• shaded:
• shaded: __________
• unshaded: _____
6. What
6. •What is theis
shaded:
unshaded? the total
total
_____
How number
number
many ofofthem of are
circles
circles at stage
atshaded?
stage 10? How
of these circles
circles are are
unshaded? How many of them
unshaded? How many of them are shaded? are shaded?
• total: _____
• • the
total: total:
_____
6. What •isunshaded: _____
total number
_____ of circles at stage 10? How many of these circles are unshaded?
How •
many unshaded:
of them
• unshaded: _____ _____
are shaded?
• shaded: _____
• _____
• shaded:
• total: shaded:
__________
• unshaded: _____
1
• shaded: _____ 1 1
© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 1

1. Pattern Predictor 1 (continued)

7. Look at the pattern and then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
7.1. Pattern
Predictor 1 draw
1drawstage
7.Look
Look atatthe
thepattern
pattern andthen
and then stage4.4.For
Forlater
laterstages,
stages,make
makeaadrawing
drawingififitithelps
helpsyou
you answer
answer thethe questions.
questions.
1. Look
1. Look
7. Look
at the
at the
at the
pattern
pattern
andand
pattern and
thenthen
draw
then draw
stage
draw stage
5. For
stage 5. For
4. For
laterlater
stages,
later stages,
make
stages, make
a drawing
make aa drawing
drawing
if it ififhelps
itit helps
helps
youyou
you
answer
answer the the
questions.
questions.
answer the questions.
stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4
stagestage1 1 stage
8. How many unshaded circles stage
2 2 stagestage
3 3 stagestage
4 4
9. How many shaded stage stage
5circles
5
stageat1stage stage
are there 4? 2 stage 3 stage 4?
are there at stage 4
8. How many unshaded circles 9. How many shaded circles
How
8.2.are
How
2.there
Howmany
many many
at unshaded
unshaded
stage 4? circles
unshaded circles
circles 9.
3.are
How How
3.there
Howmanymany
many
at shaded
shaded
stage shaded circles
4? circles
circles
areareare
there
8. there
there
How atmany
stage
at atstage
stage
5?4?5?
unshaded circles are9.are
there
are
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atmany
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at at
there stage5? 5?4?
stage
shaded circles
are there at stage 4? are there at stage 4?
unshaded? How many of them are shaded?
4.unshaded?
What
4. What is the
isHow
the
totaltotal
number
many number of circles
of them ofare
circles
at stage
at stage
shaded? 6? How
6? How many many
of these
of these
circles
circles
are are
unshaded? • total:
unshaded? How _____
Howmanymanyof them
ofofthem
are are
shaded?
10. 10.
What Whatis theis the
totaltotal number
number circles atshaded?
of circles at stage
stage 5? 5?How Howmanymany of these
of these circles
circles areare
unshaded?
How unshaded:
• total:
many _____
unshaded? ofHow
them_____
many
are of them are shaded?
shaded?
• total:
• total:
shaded:_____
• unshaded: _____
_____
_____
• total: • total:
_____ _____
• unshaded:
• unshaded:
• shaded: _____
_____ _____
• unshaded: _____
• •unshaded:
shaded:
• shaded: _____
__________
• shaded: _____
11.• Complete
shaded: _____ the table to show the number of circles for stages 1 through 7.
5.11.What
5.Complete
What is the
is the
total
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number
table number of circles
to show ofthe
circles
at stage
numberat stage
of7? How
7? How
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for manyof these
stages of1 these
circles
throughcircles
7.are are
unshaded?
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of them
are1 are 2
shaded?
shaded? 3 4 5 6 7
11. Complete
total
11. Complete numberstage the table
of circles
the table to show
to show the5 the number
1 number of circles
2 of 3circles for
5 stages
4for stages 1 through
16through 7 7. 7.
• total:
• total:
__________
total number
number of unshaded of circles
circles 5
2
• unshaded:
• unshaded:stage
_____
_____ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number
number of
total of unshaded
shaded
number circles
ofcircles
circles 2
35
• shaded:
• shaded: __________
number
numberofofshaded unshaded circles
circles 3 2
6. number
6. WhatWhatis the is of
the shaded
totaltotal
numbercircles
number 3 at stage
of circles
of circles at stage
10?10?
HowHow
many
many
of these
of these
circles
circles
are are
unshaded?
unshaded? How Howmanymanyof them
of them
are are
shaded?
shaded?
unshaded? How many of them are shaded?
unshaded?
• •total:
total: How
_____
• istotal:
_____ many of them are shaded?
_____
12. 12.
What What the total
is the number
total numberof circles at stage
of circles 12?12?
at stage How many
How of these
many circles
of these areare
circles unshaded?
How • unshaded:
total:
• unshaded:
many
unshaded? _____
• unshaded:
ofHow _____
_____
them_____
are of
many shaded?
them are shaded?
shaded:
• •shaded:
unshaded: _____
_____
•• total:
• total:
shaded:
_____
_____
_____
• shaded: _____
• unshaded: _____
• unshaded: _____
• shaded: _____ 2
• shaded: _____ 1 1
2
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© 2018
2. Equality
2. 2. Equality
Equality Explorer
Explorer
Explorer 11 1
2. Equality
2. Equality
Explorer
Explorer
1 1
Each Each
2D shape
2D shape
represents
represents
a different
a different
wholewhole
number.
number.
Use the
Useequations
the equations
to findtotheir
find their
Each 2D shape represents a different whole number. Use the equations to find their value.
value.value.
Each Each
2D shape
2D shape
represents
represents
a different
a different
wholewhole
number.
number.
Use the
Useequations
the equations
to findtotheir
find their
value.value.
1. 1.
18 18 2. 2.
19 19
1. 1.
18 18 2. 2.
19 19
7 7 20 20 24 24
7 7 20 20 24 24
3. 3. 4. 4.
15 1525 25
3. 3. 4. 4.
15 1525 25
7 7 19 19 11 11
7 7 19 19 11 11
5. 5. 10 10 24 246. 6.
29 29
5. 5. 10 10 24 246. 6.
29 29
9 9 34 34
9 9 34 34
20 20 13 13 28 28
20 20 13 13 28 28
3 3
3 3

3. Sequence
3. Sequence Sleuth Sleuth
1 1
3. Sequence Sleuth 1 3. Sequence Sleuth 1
3.
1. Sequence
1. a. 3. a. the
Find
Sequence
Find pattern Sleuth
the pattern
Sleuth
and draw 11 shape
and shape
draw 7 and7shape
and shape
8. 8.
1. a.
1. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 7 and Find8.
shape the pattern and draw shape 7 and shape 8.
1. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 7 and shape 8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 15 26 7
3 84 5 6
b.1Draw shape
2 10. 3 c. Draw shape
4 5 14. 6 7 d. Draw8shape 18.
1 shape 210.
Draw 3 4c. Draw shape
5 6
14. 7 d. Draw 8 shape 18.
b. Draw shape 10. c. Draw b. Draw14.
shape shape 10. d. Draw c. Draw
shape shape 14.
18.
b. Draw shape 10. c. Draw shape 14. d. Draw shape 18.
2. a.
2. a. Find
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the pattern
pattern and
and draw
draw shape
shape 2. a.
9.7 and Find8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 15 26 37 84 95 6
b. Draw shape 10. c. Draw shape
4 5 13. 6 7 d. Draw8shape 17.
1 2 3
1 shape 10.
b. Draw 2 3 4
c. Draw b. 5 13.
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shape shape 10.6 d.7Draw c. 8 17.
Draw
shape shape 13.
b. b.Draw
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shape10.
10. c. Draw shape
c. Draw shape 13. 13. d. Draw shape17.
d. Draw shape 17.

3. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 7 and 3. a. Find8.
3. a. 3. a. Find
Find the pattern
the pattern and draw
and draw shape
shape 7 shape
7 and and shape
8. 8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 10. 3
1 Draw shape
b. 4 c. Draw shape
15 12. 26 37 d. Draw 84 shape 15.5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
b. Draw 1 shape 10.
2 3 4 b.
c. Draw Draw5
shape shape 10.6
12. 7
d. Draw c. 8 15.
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shape shape 12.
b. b.Draw
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shape10.
10. c.c.Draw
Drawshape
shape12.
12. d.d.Draw
Draw shape 15.
shape 15.
4. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 9.

4. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 9. 4. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 9.
4. a. 4.Find
a. Find the pattern
the pattern and and
drawdraw shape
shape 9. 9.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1b. Draw shape
2 12. 3 4 5 1shape6 13.2
c. Draw 7 3 8 d. 4Draw shape
9 5 15. 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b. Draw1 shape 212. 3 4 Draw b.
c. 5Draw13.
shape shape
6 12. 7 8 c.
d. Draw shape915.
Draw shape 13.
b. Draw shape 12. c. Draw shape
4 13. d. Draw shape 15.
4 4
4
4
4 © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

4. Number Ninja
4. Number 1 1
Ninja
4.4.Number
Write
Write whole Number
4.numbers
Number
whole4.numbers
Number
Ninja
Ninja
Ninja1Ninja
in the
in the 1 empty
empty 1 1 boxes so
boxes sothat
thattheir product
their product
equals the number on the right for each
equals the number on the right for each row and the number row and the number 3 7 21
Write
on Write
theWrite
whole
whole
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numbers
numbers
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for numbers
each in
numbers
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the
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column. in
empty
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boxes
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that
their
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product
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product
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on the equals
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equals
the
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number
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number column.
number
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onthethe
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right
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right
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for
each
right
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for
roweach
and
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the
number
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number
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in the top row, 8 5 40
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the left 40
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5.
5. Function Finder 1
5. Function
Each
Finder 1 of 3 circled numbers related by a secret pattern. Discover the
Eachquestion
questiongives
gives55examples
examples of 3 circled numbers related by a secret pattern.
5. Function
pattern and then Finder
fill in the 1 fill innumbers.
Discover the pattern and missing
then the missing numbers.
Each question gives 5 examples of 3 circled numbers related by a secret pattern.
Discover the pattern and then fill in the missing numbers.
Each question gives 5 examples of 3 circled numbers related by a secret pattern.
Discover the pattern and then fill in the missing numbers.
1. Examples:
9 70 27
1. Examples: 13 25
9 70 27
1. Examples: 13 25
6 13 7 11 25 14 2 9 7 18 70 52 19 27 8
6 7 11 14 2 7 18 52 19 8
a. 6 b. 7 11 c. 14 2 d.7 18 52
e. 19 8
20 92 54
a. b. c. d. e.
20 92 54
a. b. c. d. e.
3 8 20 14 29 92 27 39 54 18
3 8 14 29 27 39 18
39 18
2. 3Examples:
8 14 29 27
2. Examples: 54 28 10 49 24
2. 54 28 10 49 24
Examples:
6 54 9 7 28 4 2 10 5 7 49 7 8 24 3
6 9 7 4 2 5 7 7 8 3
a. 6 b. 9 7 c. 4 2 d.5 7 7e. 8 3
60 44 27
a. b. c. d. e.
60 44 27
a. b. c. d. e. 3
8 6 60 15 4 44 5 5 27
8 6 15 4 5 5 3
8 6 15 4 5 5 3
3. Examples:
3. 21 5 70 8 15
Examples:
3. 21 5 70 8 15
Examples:
33 21 12 16 5 11 100 70 30 9 8 1 28 15 13
33 12 16 11 100 30 9 1 28 13
a. 33 b. 12 16 c. 11 100 d.30 9 1e. 28 13

31 10 23
a. b. c. d. e.
31 10 23
a. b. c. d. e. 8
20 9 31 6 43 10 84 52 23
20 9 6 43 84 52 8
20 9 6 43 6 84 52 8
6
6
6. 6.
Pattern Predictor
Pattern 22
Predictor
6. Pattern Predictor 2
1. Look at the
1. Look pattern
at the andand
pattern then draw
then stage
draw 4. 4.
stage For later
For stages,
later make
stages, a drawing
make if itif helps
a drawing you
it helps
1. Look
answer at
thethe pattern
questions. and
you answer the questions. then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps

2. How
2. 2.
How many
many circles
circles are
areare there
there 3. How
3. 3.
How many
many circles
circles are
areare there
there
How many
at stage 4? circles there How many
at stage 5? circles there
at stage
at stage 4?
4? at stage
at stage 5?
5?
4. How many circles are there at stage 6? Complete the table to show the number of
4. 4.
HowHow many
many
circles for circles
circles
stages are
1are there
there
through 6. at
at stage
stage 6?6?Complete
Completethe
thetable
tabletotoshow
showthe
thenumber
numberofofcircles for
circles
stagesfor stages 16.through 6.
1 through
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6
stage
number 1 2 3 4 5 6
number 6
of circles 6
of circles
5. How many circles are there 6. How many circles are there
5.
at How many
stage 7? circles are there 6.
at How many
stage 10? circles are there
5. at
How many
stage 7? circles are there 6. at
How many
stage 10?circles are there
at stage 7? at stage 10?
7. At what stage will there be 54 circles? 8. At what stage will there be 78 circles?
7
7


9. you
Lookanswer
at the pattern and then draw stage 5. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps you
the questions.
9. Look
answer at the pattern and then draw stage 5. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
the questions.
10. How many diamonds are there 11. How many diamonds are there
10.atHow
stage 5? diamonds are there
many at stage
11. How 6?many diamonds are there
10. How many diamonds are there 11. How many diamonds are there
12. Determine how many diamonds there are at stage 7 and stage 8 and then complete
the table summarizing your results.
12. Determine how many
12. Determine howdiamonds there are
many diamonds at stage
there are at7 stage
and stage
7 and8 stage
and then complete
8 and the table
then complete
summarizing your results. your results.
the table summarizing number of
stage
diamonds
number of
1 stage 1diamonds
2 1 3 1
3 2 3
4 3
5 4
13.13. Explain
Explain in words
in words thethe pattern
pattern youyou
seesee in the
in the 6 5
table. Then state the number of diamonds
table. Then state the number of diamonds in in
13. Explain in words the pattern you see in the 7 6
stage
stage9 9and
andstage
stage10.
10.
table. Then state the number of diamonds in 8 7
stage 9 and stage 10.
8
• stage 9: _____
• stage
• stage 9: _____
10: _____
• stage 10: _____
8
7.7. Equality
Equality Explorer
7. Equality
Explorer 22 2
Explorer
Each
Each2D2Dshape
Each shaperepresents
2D shape
representsaadifferent
represents
different whole
wholenumber.
a different whole
number.Use
Usethe
number.theequations
Useequationstotofind
the equations their
findto findvalue.
their their
value.value.
1. 1.
5 5 11 112. 2. 5 5
30 30 26 26
3. 3. 4. 4.
14 14
4 4 20 20 3 3 9 9
5. 5.
20 20 11 11
6. 6.
5 5
19 19 14 14
6 6 8 810 10
9 9

8. Sequence Sleuth
8. Sequence Sleuth 22
Fill in all the blanks for the sequences.
Fill in all the blanks for the sequences.
7 , ____
1. ____ 11 , ____ 19 , ____
15 , ____ 43 , ____ , ____
23 , ____ , ____ , ____ , _____ , ____
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
2. ____ 92 , ____
98 , ____ 86 , ____
80 , ____ 32
74 , ____ , ____ , ____ , _____ , ____ , ____ , ____
15 , ____ , ____
0 , ____
3. ____ 45 , ____ , ____ 90 , ____ , _____ , ____ , 150
75 , ____ ____ , ____
1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th
5 th
6 th 7 th
8 th
9 th 10 th 11th 12th
2 , ____
4. ____ 54 , ____ , ____ , ____
28 , ____ , ____
15 , ____ 93 , _____ , ____
119 , ____ , ____
1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th
5 th
6 th 7 th
8 th
9 th 10th 11th 12th
149 , ____
5. ____ 140 , ____ 113 , 104
131 , ____ , ____ 77 , ____ , ____ , ____
____ , ____ , ____ , _____
Create a sequence of numbers to answer the word problems.

Create a sequence of numbers to answer the word problems.
6. On Monday Jamie has 14 quarters in his piggy bank. On Tuesday he has 17 quarters
in his piggy bank. On Wednesday he has 20 quarters in his piggy bank. If the pattern
6. On Monday Jamie has 14 quarters in his piggy bank. On Tuesday he has 17 quarters in his
continues, how many quarters will Jamie have in his piggy bank on Tuesday of next
piggy bank. On Wednesday he has 20 quarters in his piggy bank. If the pattern continues,
week?
how many quarters will Jamie have in his piggy bank on Tuesday of next week?
7. Laura is selling chocolate bars to raise money for charity. On Monday she has 76
bars left to sell. On Tuesday she has 72 bars left to sell. On Wednesday she has 68
bars left to sell. If the pattern continues, how many chocolate bars will Laura have left to
7.
sellLaura is sellingofchocolate
on Thursday next week?bars to raise money for charity. On Monday she has 76 bars left to
sell. On Tuesday she has 72 bars left to sell. On Wednesday she has 68 bars left to sell. If
the pattern continues, how many chocolate bars will Laura have left to sell on Thursday of next
week?
10

9.
9. 9.
Number
Number Ninja
Ninja 2 2
9. 9.
Number
Number Ninja
Ninja 2 2
Find the pattern and fill in the missing number in the middle circle. The first one is done as an
Find
Find
the the
pattern
pattern
andand
fill in
9. 9.
Number
example.
as an
Number
as example.
an example.
Ninja
Ninja 2fillthe
in the
2 missing
missing
number
number
in the
in the
middle
middle
circle.
circle.
TheThe
firstfirst
oneone
is done
is done
Find
Find
the the
pattern
pattern
andand
fill in
fillthe
in the
missing
missing
number
number
in the
in the
middle
middle
circle.
circle.
TheThe
firstfirst
oneone
is done
is done
as an
as example.
an example.
Find
1. Find
1.the the
pattern
pattern
andand
fill in
fillthe
in the
missing
2.missing
2. number
number
in the
in the
middle
middle
circle.
3. circle.
3. TheThe
firstfirst
oneone
is done
is done
as an
as example.
an example. 24 24
1. 1. 15 15 2. 2. 5 5 3. 3.
23 23 1 1 6 6
1. 1.18 18 15 15 2. 2. 22 22 5 5 3. 3. 3 3 24 24
1 1 6 6
18 18 15 15 23 23 22 22 5 5 3 3 24 24
1 18 3030 2329
1 18 2329 8 22
8 22 117
1 17 12 12 6 62 2
3 3
2 2
1 1 3030 29 29 8 8 17 17 12 12
1 71 7 3030 1229 1229 8 24
8 24 317317 12 12 4 4 8 28 2
1 1
7 7 15 15 12 12 24 24 20 20 3 3 4 4 8 8
1 1
7 7 15 15 12 12 24 24 20 20 3 3 4 4 8 8
15 15 20 20 1 1
4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6.
4. 4. 6 6 5. 5. 51 51 6. 6. 25 25
2 2 21 21 16 16
4. 4.12 12 6 6 5. 5. 88 88 51 51 6. 6. 47 47 25 25
21 21 16 16
12 12 6 6 2 2 88 88 51 51 47 47 25 25
4 124 12 2 9
2 9 14 14
88 88 21 64
21 64 2 47
2 47 1615
1615
4 4 9 9 14 14 64 64 2 2 15 15
4 184 18 3 93 9 1471
1471 3864
3864 2 29
2 29 3415
3415
18 18 6 6 3 3 71 71 1 1 38 38 29 29 12 12 34 34
18 18 6 6 3 3 71 71 1 1 38 38 29 29 12 12 34 34
6 6 1 1 12 12
7. 7. 8. 8. 9. 9.
7. 7. 21 21 8. 8. 12 12 9. 9. 24 24
40 40 1 1 30 30
7. 7.29 29 21 21 8. 8. 3 3 12 12 9. 9. 19 19 24 24
3 3 12 12 1 1 30 30
29 29 21 21 40 40 19 19 24 24
12 12 4032
4032 10 10
3 3 1 61 6 38 3819 19 30 21
30 21
29 29
12 12 32 32 10 10 6 6 38 38 21 21
12 12
4 4 1532
1532 1060
1060 206206 3847 3847 2 21
2 21
4 4 23 23 15 15 60 60 5 5 20 20 47 47 7 7 2 2
4 4 23 23 15 15 60 60 5 5 20 20 47 47 7 7 2 2
23 23 5 5 7 7
11 11
11 11
11 11
10.
10.10.Function
Function
Function Finder
Finder Finder 22 2
10.10.
Each Function
Function
question gives Finder Finder
55 examples 2 2 of
EachEach
question
questiongives gives examples of 44 of
5 examples numbers
numbers related
4 numbers
related by
by aaby
related secret
secret pattern.
a secret
pattern. Discover
pattern.
Discover the the
Discover
the pattern
10.
and 10.
Function
then
pattern Function
fill
pattern in
and and the Finder
missing
thenthen Finder
fill infillthe 2 2
numbers.
in missing
the missing
numbers.
numbers.
EachEach
question
question
givesgives
5 examples
5 examples
of 4 of
numbers
4 numbers
related
related
by aby
secret
a secret
pattern.
pattern.
Discover
Discover
the the
pattern
pattern
and and
thenthen
fill infillthe
in missing
the missing
numbers.
numbers.
Each
1. Each
question
question
1.Examples: givesgives
5 examples
5 examplesof 4of
numbers
4 numbers
related
related
by aby
secret
a secret
pattern.
pattern.
Discover
Discover
the the
pattern Examples:
pattern
and and
thenthen
fill infillthe
in missing
the missing
numbers.
numbers.
1. 1.Examples:
Examples: 3 3 1 1 5 5 10 10 11 11 11 11 6 6 2 2 20 20 20 20
3 14 3 14 1 1 5 45 25 25 9 9 60 60
1. 1.Examples:
Examples: 5 45 10 10 11 11 11 11 6 6 2 2 20 20 20 20
25 25 9 9 60
3 10 14
3 10 14
1 1 5 30 45
5 30 45
10 10 11 11 3 11 3 11 6 61 12 2 20 20 20 6020 20
25 25 9 9 60
14 14 45 3045 20 60
10 10 30 3 3 1 1 20
a. a. b. 10 b. 10 c.30 c.30 3d. 3d. 1 e.1 e. 20 20
16
a. a. 16 12 12
b. b. 9 9 6 6c. c. 5 5d. d.27 27 13 13
e. e.16 16 43 43
28 28 17 17 27 27 13 13 99 99
a. 16
a. 16 12 12 b. b.9 9 6 6c. c. 5 5d. d. e. e.16 16 43 43
16 165 125 12 9 28 9 28 6 6 17
2 17
25 5 27 27
18 18
13 13 16 1699 99
43 43
5 5 28 28 17
2 17
2 18 18 99 99
5 5 2 2 18 18
2. 2.Examples:
Examples:
2. 2.Examples: 2 2
Examples: 5 5 3 3 3 3 4 4 10 10 6 6 2 2 1 1 7 7
2. 2.Examples: 2 70
Examples: 2 70
5 5 3 45 3 45 3 3 4 400
4 40010 10 6 246 242 2 1 28
1 28
7 7
2 70
27 70
5 5
7 3 45 5 45
3 400
53 3 4 104 40010 10 6 24
10 62 24
22 2 1 28
4 28
1 47 7
400 24
2 24
70
7 70
7 45
5 455 10 400
10 2 28
4 28
4
a. a. b. b.7 7 c.5 c.5 10d. 10d. 2 e.
2 e. 4 4
2
a. a. 2 3 3b. b.4 4 2 2c. c. 2 2d. d.4 4 5 5e. e.5 5 2 2
2 2 3 3b. b.4 80
4 80 12 12
2 2d. d.4 4 5 5e. 30 30
a. a. 2 2c. c. e.5 5 2 2
2 26 63 3 4 80
4 80
2 2 12 12
2 22 2 4 43 35 5 5 30
5 302 2
6 6 80 80 12 12
2 2 3 3 30 30
3. 3.Examples:
6Examples:
6 2 2 3 3
3. 3.Examples: 10 10
Examples: 10 10 19 19 21 21 50 50 50 50 23 23 7 7 4 4 5 5
3. 3.Examples:
17
10 10
Examples:
17 38 38
10 10 19 19 93 93
21 21 50 50
11 11
50 50 23 23 7 7 4 47 7
5 5
17
10 10
3 17
10 38
3 10 19 192 38 93 93
2 21 50 50
21 7 50
11 19
7 50 23 23
19 11
7 7 4 47
2
7
5
2 5
17 17 38 93 93 11 11 7 7
3 3 2 382 7 7 19 19 2 2
a. a. b. b.
3 3 c.2 c.2 7d. 7d. e.
19 19 e. 2 2
15
a. a. 15 16 16
b. b.8 8 51 51c. c. 10 10d. d.44 44 12 12e. 32 32 13 13
e.
20 20 4 4 44 44 12 12 24 24
a. 15
a. 15 16 16
b. b.8 8 51 51c. c. 10 10d. d. e. e.32 32 13 13
15 15 16 16
10 10 8 20 20
8 51 51 4 4
22 10
22 10 44 44
6 12
6 12 24 24
32 32 13 13
10 10 20 20 4 22
22 4 6 6 24 24
10 10 12 12
22 22 6 6
12 12
12 12

1. Look at the pattern and then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps you
answer
1. thethe
Look at questions.
pattern and then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
2. How many triangles are there 3. How many triangles are there
2. How many
at stage 4?triangles are there 3. How
at stage 5? many triangles are there
4. How many triangles are there 5. How many triangles are there
at stage
4. How 6?triangles are there
many at stage 7? many triangles are there
5. How
6. How many triangles are there at stage 10?

6. How many triangles are there at stage 10?

13


7. Look at the
7. Look pattern
at the and
pattern then
and draw
then stage
draw 4. 4.
stage For later
For stages,
later make
stages, a drawing
make if itif helps
a drawing you
it helps
7. Look
answer
you at the
the
answer thepattern
questions. and then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
questions.
8. How
8. How many
many circles
circles areare there
there 9. How
9. How many circles are there
at8.stage
How many
4? circles are there How many
at9.stage many
5?
circles
circles are
are there
there
atatstage
stage4?
4? at at stage
stage 5?5?
10. How many circles are there at stage 6? Complete the table to show the number of
10.
HowHow
10. circles for many
many circles
circles
stages 1 are are there
there
through at stage
6.at stage 6? 6? Complete
Complete thethe table
table to show
to show thethe number
number of
of circles for
circles for
stages stages 6.
1 through 1 through 6.
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6
stage
number 1 2 3 4 5 6
5
ofnumber
circles 5
of circles
11.
11. atHowHow many
many
stage 7? circles
circles are are there
there at12.
12. How10?
How
stage many circles
many circles are
are there
there
at stage 7?
7? at stage 10?10?
at stage
13. At what stage will there be 14. At what stage will there be
13.circles?
13. 40
At At what
what stage
stage will there
will there be
be 14.circles?
75
14. Atwhat
At whatstage
stagewill
willthere
therebe
be
40 circles? 75 circles?
40 circles? 75 circles?
14
14
12. Equality Explorer

12. Equality Explorer 33
Use the numbers on the right to fill in the boxes to make the equation true. Use each number
Use the numbers on the right to fill in the boxes to make the equation true. Use each
only once.
number only once.
1. 16 7, 10, 13
2. 9 4, 6, 30
3. 20 2, 4, 6
4. 3, 7, 9, 30
5. 2, 3, 6, 12
6. 5 6, 12, 13, 14
7. 2, 4, 6, 36
8. 2 6, 8, 10, 12
9.
3, 5, 6, 8, 10
10.
4, 6, 7, 8, 9
15


Fill in the missing times to complete the sequence. Make sure to draw the clock hands.
Fill in the missing times to complete the sequence. Make sure to draw the clock hands.
1.
7:30 am 7:55 am 8:20 am 9:10 am
2.
11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5
6:10 am 6:50 am 7:30 am _______ _______
3.
11:00 am 12:15 pm 1:30 pm 4:00 pm
4.
11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5
1:30 pm 3:00 pm 4:30 pm _______ _______
5.
6:22 pm 6:40 pm 6:58 pm 7:34 pm
6.
11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5
3:00 am 5:10 am 7:20 am _______ _______
16

14. Number Ninja 3

14. Number Ninja 3
14. Number Ninja 3
The top circle’s number equals the product of the numbers 28
The topincircle’s number
the squares: 28equals theThe
= 4 x 7. product
bottomof circle’s
the numbers
number equals
The top circle’s
in the squares:
number
28 = 4 x
equals
7. The
the product
bottom
of the numbers
circle’s number equals
28
4 7
in the squares: 28 = 4 x 7. The bottom circle’s number+ equals
the sum of the numbers in the squares: 11 = 4 7.
the sum of the numbers in the squares: 11 = 4 + 7.
the sum of the numbers in the squares: 11 = 4 + 7.
4 7
11
11
Fill in all missing numbers. When both squares are empty, put the larger of the two
Fill in all missing
missing
Fill in all missing numbers.
numbers When
in the
numbers. both
rightboth
When squares are
square.
squares are empty,
empty, put
put the
the larger of the
larger of the two
two missing
numbers in the right square.
missing numbers in the right square.
1. 2. 3. 4.
42

1. 2. 3. 4.
5 9 3 10 42
6 8
5 9 3 10 6 8
10
10
5. 15 6. 40 7. 8.
12 8
5. 15 6. 40 7. 8.
12 8
8 13 7 6
8 13 7 6
9. 75 10. 11. 36 12.

60
9. 75 10. 11. 12.
25 7 36 60
25 7 15 12 19
15 12 19
13. 48 14. 49 15. 16.

63
13. 48 14. 49 15. 16.
63
3 9
14 14 3 9
17
14 14 17
17. 81 18. 48 19. 20.

100 14
17. 81 18. 48 19. 20.
100 14
18 16 25 15
18 16 25 15
17
17

15. Function Finder

15. Function 3 3
Finder
The function machine
The function adds 6.adds
machine So when you input
6. So when you 11, the11,
input output is 17. is 17.
the output
The function machine addsin 6. So when you input 11, the output
out is 17.
11 RULE: 17
add 6
in out
11 RULE: 17
1. If you input 47, what is the output?
add 6 2. If the output is 80, what is the input?
1. If you input 47, what is the output? 2. If the output is 80, what is the input?
1. If you input 47, what is the output? 2. If the output is 80, what is the input?
3. Use the function machine rule to complete the table.
a. RULE: add 12 b. RULE: multiply by 3 c. RULE: subtract 9

3. Use thethe
3. Use function machine
function rulerule
machine to complete thethe
to complete table.
table.
in out in out in out
a. RULE: add 3 1215 b. RULE: multiply
4 12by 3 c. RULE: 14
subtract
5 9
in 9out in 7out in 22out
3 1815 30 4 1112 33 14 34 5 25
9 7 22 41
44 45
18 3730 11 2033 34 6725
44 100 45 90 41 84
37 20 67
100 90 84
d. RULE: divide by 4 e. RULE: add 17 f. RULE: multiply by 6
in out in out in out
d. RULE: divide
12 3by 4 e. RULE: add
5 1722 f. 2 12 by 6
RULE: multiply
in 20out in 13out in 5out
12 28 3 7 5 1922 36 2 8 12 48
20 13 48 5 60
12
28 60 7 19 4636 8 1248
12 22 48 93 60 96
60 46 12
22 93 18 96
18
16. 16.
Pattern
PatternPredictor
Predictor4 4
16.16.
16. Pattern
Pattern
Pattern Predictor
Predictor
Predictor 44 4
The shapes below are made with toothpicks and gumdrops.
The shapes below are made with toothpicks and gumdrops. For example, stage
For example, 2 has
stage 2 has
5 The shapes
toothpicks
5shapes and
toothpicks below
4 are made
gumdrops.
and 4made
gumdrops. with toothpicks and gumdrops. For example, stage 2 has
The
Theshapes below
below are
are madewith
withtoothpicks
toothpicksandandgumdrops.
gumdrops.For Forexample,
example,stage
stage22has has
5 toothpicks and 4 gumdrops.
55toothpicks
toothpicksand and44gumdrops.
gumdrops.
1. Look
1. Look at pattern
at the and and
the pattern thenthen
drawdraw
stage 5. For
stage laterlater
5. For stages, make
stages, a drawing
make if it helps
a drawing you
if it helps
1.you
Look
answer at
the the pattern
questions. and then draw stage 5. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
Lookatanswer
1.1.Look atthe the questions.
thepattern
pattern and
andthen
thendraw
drawstage
stage5.5.For
Forlater
laterstages,
stages,make
makeaadrawing
drawingififitithelps
helps
you
youanswer
answerthe thequestions.
questions.
stage 2
stage 1 stage stage 3 stage 4 stage 5
stage 1
stage 1 stage22 stage
stage33 stage
stage44 stage
stage55
2. How many toothpicks 3. How many gumdrops

2.are
How many
there at toothpicks
stage 5? 3.are
How many
there at gumdrops
stage 5?
2.2.How
How
How many
manytoothpicks
many toothpicks
toothpicks 3.3.How3. many
How How gumdrops
manymany gumdrops
gumdrops
are
are there
arethereatatstage
there at 5?
stage
stage 5?5? are
arethere atatthere
are
there stage 5?
stageat stage 5?
5?
4. How many toothpicks and gumdrops are there at stage 6?

4. How
Howmany
4.4.How manytoothpicks
many toothpicksand
toothpicks andgumdrops
and gumdropsare
gumdrops arethere
are thereat
there atstage
at stage6?
stage 6?
6?
• toothpicks: _____
• •toothpicks:
toothpicks: _____
_____
• gumdrops: _____
• gumdrops: _____
• •gumdrops:
gumdrops:_____
_____
5. Complete the table to show the number of toothpicks and gumdrops for stages 1
5.through
Complete the table to show the number of toothpicks and gumdrops for stages 1
8.thetable
5.5.Complete
Completethe tabletotoshow
showthe
thenumber
numberofoftoothpicks
toothpicksand
andgumdrops
gumdropsfor
forstages
stages11
through 8.the table to show the number of toothpicks and gumdrops for stages 1 through 8.
5. Complete
through
through8.8.
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
stage
stage
number of toothpicks 11 22 5 33 44 55 66 77 88
number of toothpicks 5
number
number ofoftoothpicks
toothpicks 55
number of gumdrops 4
number
numberofofgumdrops
gumdrops 44

6. 6. How
How manymany toothpicks
toothpicks andand gumdrops
gumdrops are are there
there at at stage
stage 12?12?
6.6.How
Howmanymanytoothpicks
toothpicksand
andgumdrops
gumdropsare
arethere
thereat
atstage
stage12?
12?
• •toothpicks:
toothpicks: _____
_____
• gumdrops: _____
• gumdrops: _____
• •gumdrops:
gumdrops:__________
19
19
1919


7.
7. Look
Lookatat the
thepattern
patternand
andthen
then draw
drawstage
stage 4.
4.For
Forlater
laterstages,
stages,make
makeaa drawing
drawingifif itithelps
helps
you
you answer
7. Look answer the
the questions.
at the patternquestions.
and then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps you
stage
stage 11 stage
stage 22 stage
stage 33 stage
stage 44
8.
8. How
Howmany
manytriangles
trianglesare
are there
there 9.
9. How
Howmany
manytriangles
trianglesare
are there
there
8. How
at many
stage 4?
at stage 4?triangles are there 9.
at How
stage many
5?
at stage 5? triangles are there
10. 10.
10.
HowHow
How many
many
many triangles
triangles areare
triangles are there
therethere at
at stage
at stage stage 66and
6 andand stage
7? 7?
stage
stage 7? Complete
thethe
Complete
Complete the table
to to
table
table to show
show show
the
the
the number
number
number of
of triangles
for for
triangles
of triangles forstages
stages
stages 11 through7. 7.
through
1 through 7.
stage
stage 11 22 33 44 55 66 77
number
numberof
of
99
triangles
triangles
11.
11. How
Howmany
manytriangles
trianglesare
are there
there 12.
12. How
Howmany
manytriangles
triangles are
are there
there
11. at
How many
at stage
stage8?
8? triangles are there 12.
at How
at stage
stage12?many
12? triangles are there
20
20

17.17.Equality
EqualityExplorer
Explorer4 4
17.2DEquality
Each
Each Explorer
2D shape represents
shape represents 4 whole
a different
a different
whole number. The sum of the numbers is written
number. The sum of the numbers is written for each
for each row (on the right) and each column (on the bottom). Find the value of each
row (on the right) and each column (on the bottom). Find the value of each shape.
shape.
Each 2D shape represents a different whole number. The sum of the numbers is written
for each row (on the right) and each column (on the bottom). Find the value of each
1.
shape. 2.
39 26
1. 2.
39 26
34 22
34 22
40 33 8
40 33 34 22 8
34 22
3. 4.
28 34
3. 4.
28 34
45 15
45 15
27 11
19 27 11
51 30 16
51 30 19 16
19 24 23 10
19 24 23 10
21
21

Create the sequence from the starting number and rule. The first one is done as an
Create the sequence from the starting number and rule. The first one is done as an example.
example.
1. starting number: 3 rule: multiply by 2 3 ____,

____, 12 ____,
6 ____, 24 ____
48
2. starting number: 10 rule: add 25 ____, ____, ____, ____, ____
3. starting number: 80 rule: divide by 2 ____, ____, ____, ____, ____
4. starting number: 99 rule: subtract 7 ____, ____, ____, ____, ____
5. starting number: 1 rule: multiply by 3 ____, ____, ____, ____, ____
6. starting number: 32 rule: add 8 ____, ____, ____, ____, ____
State the starting number and rule for the sequence. The first one is done as an
State the starting number and rule for the sequence. The first one is done as an example.
example.
7. 115, 105, 95, 85, 75, 65 115

starting number: ____ subtract 10
rule: ___________________
7. 115, 105, 95, 85, 75, 65 115
starting number: ____ subtract 10
rule: ___________________
8. 25, 37, 49, 61, 73, 85 starting number: ____ rule: ___________________

12. 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59 22

starting number: ____ rule: ___________________

19. Number Ninja 4
19. Number
19. Number Ninja Ninja44
19.
In Number
In
a Magic SquareNinja
a Magic Square 4 numbers
the
the numbers
in each row, column, and
in each row, column, and 12 1 11 = 24
In a Magic Square
diagonal addthe upnumbers
to the same in each row, For
number. column, and
the example shown, 12 1 11 = 24
diagonal
diagonal the add
add
sum up upto
for to thesame
the
each samecolumn,
row, number.
number. Fordiagonal
For
and theexample
the example
is shown,
shown,
24. 7 8 9
In asum
the Magic for Square
each row, thecolumn,
numbers in each
and row,iscolumn,
diagonal 24. and 712 81 11
9 = 24
the sum foradd
diagonal each uprow, column,
to the same and diagonal
number. For theis 24.
example shown, 5 15 4
Fill in
theinsum foralleach
empty row,squares
column, toand
create magicissquares
diagonal 24. with the 57 158 49 =
Fill all empty
indicated squares to
sums. Remember create magic
to check squares
the sum with the ==
Fill in all empty squares to create magic squares withfor
theeach of = 24 24
indicated
the sums. Remember
square’s two to check the sum for each of
diagonals. 15 4 24
5 24
indicated
the in allsums.
Fill square’sempty twoRemember
squares
diagonals. to check
to create the sum
magic squaresfor each
with of
the
= =
the square’s two diagonals.
indicated sums. Remember to check the sum for each of 24
24 diagonal
the square’s two diagonals. diagonal
diagonal
1. 2. 3.
1. 2. 3.
sum = 18 sum = 30 sum = 21
1. sum = 18 2. sum = 30 3. sum = 21
9 = 18
sum 7 sum = 30 8
9 7 8 sum = 21
9 7 10 8 7 11
10 7 11
3 9
10 13 7
3 9 13 11
3 9 13
4. 5. 6.
4. 5. 6.
4. sum = 40 5. sum = 24 6. sum = 70

sum = 40 sum = 24 sum = 70
19 = 40 3 30
19 sum 3 sum = 24 30 sum =1470 14
19 12 12 3 13 7 9 5 30 16
14
13 7 9 5 16
6 1
13 6 25 23 21
6 12 1 67 29 16
23 21
6 10 71 36 72 5 923 25
21 19
10 7 3 7 5 9 25 19
10 7 3 7 5 9 25 19
23
23
23


20.20.
Function
Function Finder
Finder 4 4
Each20. Function
question Finder of
gives 5 examples 4 4 numbers in a square related by a secret pattern. Discover
20.pattern
Each
the Function
Each
question
question
and givesFinder
thengives
5 examples
fill in5the 4missing
examples of 4of numbers
4 numbers
numbers. in ainsquare
a square
related
related
by abysecret
a secret
pattern.
pattern.
20. 20.
Function
Discover Function
Discover
the the Finder
pattern
pattern Finder
andand 4
thenthen 4
fill infillthe
in the
missing
missing
numbers.
numbers.
Each question gives 5 examples of 4 numbers in a square related by a secret pattern.
Each question
Discover gives
the 5 examples
pattern and thenoffill4innumbers in a square
the missing numbers.related by a secret pattern.
Each
Each
1. 1. question
question
Examples:
Discover gives
Examples:
the gives
pattern 5 examples
and 5then
examples of the
fill in 4ofnumbers
4 numbers
missing innumbers.
a in
square
a square
related
related
by aby
secret
a secret
pattern.
pattern.
Discover
Discover
the the
pattern
pattern
andand
thenthen
fill infillthe
in missing
the missing
numbers.
numbers.
1. Examples:1 1 2 2 14 1415 15 7 78 8 33 3334 34 89 8990 90
1. Examples:
1. 1.
Examples:
Examples: 1 2 14 15 7 8 33 34 89 90
4
1 42 3 3 14 17 17 16 16 10
15 7 1089 9 33 3635
36 34 35 92 89 9291
90 91
1 1 2 2 14 14 15 15 7 78 8 33 33 34 34 89 8990 90
4 3 17 16 10 9 36 35 92 91
4 3 17 16 10 9 36 35 92 91
4 4 3 3 17 17 16 16 10 109 9 36 3635 35 92 9291 91
a. a. b. b. c. c. d. d. e. e.
a.60 6061 61 b.25 25 c.73 73 d. 49 49 e.67 67
a. b. c. d. e.
a. a. 60 61 b. b. 25 c. c. 73 d. d. 49 e. e. 67
60 6261 62 25 2827 27
28 73 75 75 51 5149 70
67 70
60 6061 61 25 25 73 73 49 49 67 67
62 28 27 75 51 70
62 28 27 75 51 70
62 62 28 2827 27 75 75 51 51 70 70
Examples:
2. 2. Examples:
2. Examples:13 1316 16 75 75
78 78 51 5154 54 29 2932 32 4 47 7
2. Examples:
Examples:
2. 2. Examples: 13 16 75 78 51 54 29 32 4 7
22
13 2219
16 19 84
75 8481 81
78 51 6057
60 54 57 29 3835
38 32 35 4 1310
13 7 10
13 1316 16 75 7578 78 51 5154 54 29 2932 32 4 47 7
22 19 84 81 60 57 38 35 13 10
22 19 84 81 60 57 38 35 13 10
22 2219 19 84 8481 81 60 6057 57 38 3835 35 13 1310 10
a. a. b. b. c. c. d. d. e. e.
a.22 22 b.47 4750 50 c.38 38 d.80 80 e. 9 9
a. b. c. d. e.
a. a. 22 b. b. 47 50 c. c. 38 d. d. 80 e. e. 9
31
223128 28 56
47 5650 38 44 44 89
80 89 15 15 9
2222 47 4750 50 38 38 80 80 9 9
31 28 56 44 89 15
31 28 56 44 89 15
31 3128 28 56 56 44 44 89 89 15 15
Examples:
3. 3. Examples:
3. Examples:18 1825 25 52 5259 59 3 310 10 34 3441 41 80 8087 87
3. Examples:
Examples:
3. 3. Examples: 18 25 52 59 3 10 34 41 80 87
39 3932
18 25 32 52 7366
73 59 66 3 2417
24 10 17 48
55 5541
34 48 101
80 10187
94 94
18 1825 25 52 5259 59 3 310 10 34 3441 41 80 8087 87
39 32 73 66 24 17 55 48 101 94
39 32 73 66 24 17 55 48 101 94
39 3932 32 73 7366 66 24 2417 17 55 5548 48 101101 94 94
a. a. b. b. c. c. d. d. e. e.
a.12 1219 19 b.44 4451 51 c.36 36 d. 78 78 e.65 65
a. b. c. d. e.
a. a. 12 19 b. b. 44 51 c. c. 36 d. d. 78 e. e. 65
12 19 26 26 65
44 6551 36 50 50 85
78 85 86
65 86
12 1219 19 44 4451 51 36 36 78 78 65 65
26 65 50 85 86
26 65 50 85 86
26 26 65 65 50 50 85 85 86 86
24 24
24
24
24 24
21. Pattern
21.
2. How Pattern
many Predictor 55
Predictor
toothpicks 3. How many gumdrops
TheThe
shapes below
shapes are are
below made withwith
made toothpicks andand
toothpicks gumdrops.
gumdrops.ForFor
example, stage
example, 2 has
stage 2 has
21.7 Pattern
toothpicks and 6 gumdrops.
Predictor 5
4. How many toothpicks and gumdrops are there atlater
stage 5? make
1. 1. Look
Look at the
at the pattern
pattern andand then
then draw
draw stage
stage 4. 4.
ForFor later stages,
stages, make a drawing
a drawing if itif helps
it helps
you
The shapes below are made with toothpicks and gumdrops. For example, stage 2 has
you answer
answer
The shapes the the questions.
questions.
below are made with toothpicks and gumdrops. For example, stage 2 has
7 toothpicks and
• toothpicks: 6 gumdrops.
_____
1. Look at the pattern
• gumdrops: and then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
_____
you1.answer
Look atthethequestions.
5. Complete
stage 1 the table to show the number of toothpicks and gumdrops for stages 1
stage 2 stage 3 stage 4
through 7.
2. Howstage
many toothpicks 1 2 3 4 53. How6 many 7 gumdrops
stage 1
are there stage
at stage 2 stage 3 stage 4 4?
number
stage
2. How many stage4?2
1of toothpicks
toothpicks
7
stage 3 are there at stage
3. How manystage 4
gumdrops
are there
number at stage 4?
of gumdrops 6 are there at stage 4?
are2.there
Howat many
stage toothpicks
4? are3.there
Howatmany
stagegumdrops
4?
4. How
are theremany toothpicks
at stage 4? and gumdrops are there
areatthere
stageat5?
stage 4?
4. What
4.
6. How
How many
manythetoothpicks
is• many ofand
toothpicks
number and gumdrops
andare
gumdrops
toothpicks are there
there at
gumdrops at stage
stage 5?
5?
4. How gumdrops: _____
toothpicks and gumdrops are thereatatstage
stage9?
5?
• gumdrops: _____
• gumdrops:
through 7. _____
• gumdrops: _____
5. Completestage
the table to show1 the number
2 3 of toothpicks
4 5 and6gumdrops
7 for stages 1
5.number
Complete
through the table to show the
7. of toothpicks 7 number of toothpicks and gumdrops for stages 1
5. through
Complete 25 toothpicks and gumdrops for stages 1 through 7.
7. the table to show the number of
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6. What is the number of toothpicks and gumdrops at stage 9?
6. What is
6. What is the
the number
number of
of toothpicks
toothpicks and
and gumdrops
gumdrops at
at stage
stage 9?
9?
• gumdrops:
6. What _____
is the number of toothpicks and gumdrops at stage 9?
• gumdrops: _____
• gumdrops: _____ 25
25
25

7. you
Look at the the
answer pattern and then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps you
questions.
8. How many stars are there 9. How many stars are there
8. at
Howstage 4? stars are there
many at
9. stage 5?
How many stars are there
12. How many stars are there at stage 10?
12. How many stars are there at stage 10?
26

22. Equality
22.
Explorer
22. Equality 55 5
Explorer
Each2D
Each
Each 2D
2D shape
shape
Each
shape represents
2D represents
shape
representsaaadifferent
different
represents
different wholenumber.
whole
a different
whole number.
whole
number. Usethe
Use the
number.
Use the
Useequations
equations
equations tofind
to findto
the equations
to find their
their
findvalue.
their their
value.
value.value.
1.
1. 1. 36 36 2.
2. 2. 1 1
8 8 30 30
3.
3. 3. 17 17 4.4. 4. 4 4
21 21 10 10
5.
5. 5. 6. 6. 6. 30 30 2 2
6 6 30 30
8 8 4 4
130130 40 40
27
27 27

23. Sequence
Sequence Sleuth
Sleuth 55
23.
CircleSequence
Circle Sleuththat
all remaining numbers
all remaining numbers 5 belong
that
in the sequence.
belong in the sequence.
23.
1. Sequence
Circle all
1 remaining Sleuth
2 3 4 numbers
5 52. belong
that 1 2 in 3the 4sequence.
5 6 3. 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 10 11 12
1.
Circle11
all
1 12remaining
2 13
3 144 numbers
5 2. belong
that 1 142 in15
3the16
4sequence.
5 186 3. 1 142 15 3 16 4 17 5 186
15 13 17 13
6 17 7 18
8 199 10 7 208 21 9 10
22 1123 12 7 208 21 9 1022 1123 12
1. 16 1 2 3 4
20
5 2. 191 2 3 4 5 18
24
6 3. 19
1 2 3 4
24
5 186
11
21 1222 13
23 14
24 15
25 13 14 15 16
25 26 27 28 29 30 17 13 14 15 16
25 26 27 28 29 30 17
6 7 18
16 8 9 10 7 8 21 9 10 11 12 7 8 21 9 10 11 12
26 1727 28 19
29 20
30 19
31 20
32 33 22 34 2335 24
36 19
31 20
32 33 22 34 2335 24
36
11
21 12
22 13
23 14
24 15
25 13
25 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18
31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 40 41 30
26 27 28 29 42 25
37 38 39 40 41 30
26 27 28 29 42
16
26 17
27 18
28 19
29 20
30 19
31 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 23 24
36 37 38 39 40 43 44 45 46 47 36
32 33 34 35 48 31
43 32
44 3345 3446 3547 36
48
21
31 22
32 23
33 24
34 25
35 25
37 26
38 5127 28
39 52
40 5329 30
41 54
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37 26 27 28 29 30
41 42 43 44 45 49 50 49 38
50 3951 4052 4153 42
54
26
36 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 32 33 34 35 36
46 3747 38
48 39
49 40
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55 44
56 4557 46
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44 45 46 47 60
31 42
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35 37 38 51
49 50 39 52
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50 3951 4052 4153 42
54
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16 7 18 8 19 9 1020
4. 16 1 2 3 4 5 5. 191 2 3 4 5
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6 7 18 8 9 2010 7 8 21 9 10 11 12 6 7 18
16 8 9 10
16
26 1727 28 19
29 30 19
31 20
32 33 22 34 2335 24
36 26 17
27 28 19 29 2030
11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 11
21 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24
31 32 33 34 35 25 25
37 38 39 40 41 30
26 27 28 29 42 31 32 33 34 25
22 23 24 35
16 17 18 19 20 19 20 21 22 23 24 16
26 17 18 19 20
26
36 2737 28
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40 31
43 44 45 46 47 36
32 33 34 35 48 36 37 38 39 30
27 28 29 40
21 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 29 30 21
31 22 23 24 25
31
41 3242 33
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32 33 34 45
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28
28 28 © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

24. Number
24. Number Ninja
Ninja 5 5
60
24. number
Each Number
Each number
is the Ninja
sum 5the of
is theofsum the 2 numbers
2 numbers directlydirectly
below below
it. it.
Use this rule to fill in all the empty
Use this rule to fill in all the empty spaces. spaces.
6031 29
Each number is the sum of the 2 numbers directly below it.
Use this rule to fill in all the empty spaces. 3115 2916 13
1. 2.
1510 16 5 1311 2
1. 2.
10 5 11 2
20 9 25 20
4 16 7 2 25 18 6 9
20 9 25 20
4 16 7 2 25 18 6 9
3. 4.
3. 4.
20 37 35
8 26 18 22
20 37 35
5 14 7
8 26 18 22
5 14 7
5. 6.
5. 6.
123
70
123
54 35 33 28
70
31 12 16
54 35 33 28
6 12 7 9
31 12 16
6 12 7 9
29
29

25.25.
25.
Function
Function
Function
Function
Finder
Finder
Finder
Finder 555
5
25. 1.Function
1. The
TheThe function
function
function
Finder
machine
machine
machine
5multiplies
multiplies
multiplies by
by7.
by 7.
SoSo
7.So when
when
when you
you you input
input
input 5,
thethe
5,5,the output
output
output is
35.35.
isis35. Use
Use
Use therule to
the
the
25.
1. TheFunction
function
rule to complete
rulecomplete
to complete
Finder
machine
the the the 5
multiplies
table.
table.
table.
by 7. So when you input 5, the output is 35. Use the
rule to complete
1. The the table.multiplies by 7. So when you input 5, the output is 35. Use the
function machine
1.
ruleThe
to function
completemachine
the table.
multiplies by 7. So when you input 5, the output is 35. Use the

rule to complete the table. in in 2 2 5 5 7 711 11 30 30
5 5 RULE:
RULE: 35 35 in 2 5 7 11 30
5 RULE:
multiply 35 outout 14 1435 35
49 49 140140
multiply by 7by 7 in
out 2
14 5
35 7
49 11 140 30
multiply
RULE: by 7 35
5 in 14 2 35 5 497 11 140 30
RULE:by 7
multiply out
5 35
2. Complete
2. Complete the
multiply
the table
table by 7and
and state
state the the function
function out
machine
machine 14 35 49
rule.
rule. 140
2.2.Complete
Completethe thetable
tableand
and statethe
state thefunction
functionmachine
machinerule.
rule.
2.a.Complete
a. RULE:
RULE: the_____________________
table and state the function machine
_____________________ b.rule.
RULE:_____________________
b. RULE:_____________________
a.
RULE: _____________________
2. Complete the table and state the function machine rule. b. RULE:_____________________
a. RULE: in in_____________________
2 2 6 6 9 9 13 13 32 32 b. RULE:_____________________
in in 2 2 5 5 8 8 12 12 22 22
in 2 6 9 13 32 in 2 5 8 12 22
a. RULE: outout _____________________
1030 3045 45 100100 b. RULE:_____________________
in
out 210 30
10 6 45 9 13 100 32 outout
in 6 6515 15824 24 48 48
out 62 15 24 12 48 22
in Complete2 6 the45 9table. 13 100 32 in 26 5 8 12 48 22
3a. out
3a.
Complete 10 30
the table. out 15 24
3a. Complete
3a. outComplete 10 30 the table.
the table. 45 100 out 6 15 24 48
3a. Complete gallons
gallons the table.3 3 5 5 9 9 12 12 25 25
3a. Completegallonsthe table. 3 5 9 12 25
quarts 12 1220 2036 36
quarts 80 80
gallons
quarts 123 20 5 36 9 12 80 25
b. Ab.car gallons
A car
holds
quarts holds 1512 3gallons 5 of 36
15 gallons
20 9of gasoline.
12 80 25 c. Ac.water
gasoline. A water tanktankholdsholds 40 quarts
40 quarts of water.
of water.
b. A How
car holds many 15 gallons
quarts is of gasoline. c. A water tank holds 40 quarts of water.
How many quarts quarts 12is this? 20this? 36 80 How How many many gallons
gallons is this?
is this?
How
b.b. many
A car
A car quarts
holds
holds 1515 is gallons
this? of of
gallons gasoline.
gasoline. How many
c. A water gallons
tank
c. A water holdsis this?
tank 40
holdsquarts of water.
40 quarts of water.
b.
HowA carmany holdsquarts 15 gallons
is
How many quarts is this? this? of gasoline. c.
HowA water
many tank holds
gallons is 40
this?
How many gallons is this?quarts of water.
How many quarts is this? How many gallons is this?
4a. 4a. Complete
Complete the the table.table.
4a. Complete the table.
4a.
4a.Complete feetfeet
Complete the
the2table.23 35 57 7
table. 15 15
4a. Complete feet 2
the table. 3 5 7 15
inchesinches 2436 3660 60 120120
feet
inches 224 36
24 3 60 5 7 120 15
b. Stephaniefeet
b. inches
Stephanie 2
is244isfeet 3
436feet 5
tall.tall.
How
60 How7
manymany
120 15 c. Brett
c. Brett is 72 is inches
72 inches tall.tall.
How Howmany many
b. Stephanie
inches is isthis?
4 feet tall. How many c. Brett
feet isis72 inches tall. How many
this?
inches inches
is this? 24 36 60 120 feet is this?
inches is this?is 4 feet tall. How many
b. Stephanie feet is this?
c. Brett is 72 inches tall. How many
b. b. Stephanie
Stephanie
inches is this?is 4isfeet 4 feet tall.tall.
HowHow many many c. isc.this?
Brett
feet isBrett is 72 inches
72 inches tall. How tall.many
How many
inches inches
is this? is this? feet is this?feet is this?
5a. 5a. Complete
Complete the the table.table.
5a. Complete the
tickets table. 1 1 2 2 5 5 8 8 11 11
tickets 18 18
5a. Complete ticketsthe table. 1 2 5 8 11 18
5a. Complete costcost the table. 6 6 12 1230 3048 48
(dollars)
(dollars) 90 90
costtickets
(dollars) 61 12 2 30 5 48 8 11 90 18
b. Lenny
b. Lenny cost tickets
buys buys 9 tickets.
9 tickets.
(dollars) 1How
6 How 2 many
many
12 5
30 8
48 11c. Mabel
c. Mabel
90 18
spendsspends$42$42 on tickets.
on tickets.
b. Lenny
dollars buys
does 9 tickets. How many c. Mabel spends $42 on tickets.
dollars cost
does thisthis
(dollars) cost? cost? 6 12 30 48 How How
90 many many tickets
tickets does doessheshebuy? buy?
dollars
b. Lenny does buys this cost? How many
9 tickets. How many
c. Mabel tickets$42
spends does onshe buy?
tickets.
b. Lenny
dollars doesbuysthis 9 tickets.
cost? How many c.
HowMabel
many spends
tickets$42does on she
tickets.
buy?
dollars
b. Lennydoesbuys this cost?9 tickets. How many How many
c. Mabel tickets does$42
spends sheon buy?tickets.
dollars does this cost? 30 30 How many tickets does she buy?
30
30
30

26. 26.
Pattern Predictor
Pattern 6 6
Predictor
The The
shapes below
shapes are made
below with with
are made toothpicks and gumdrops.
toothpicks and gumdrops.For For
example, stage
example, 2 has
stage 2 has
9 toothpicks
9 toothpicks and and
8 8 gumdrops.
gumdrops.
The9shapes below
toothpicks and are made with toothpicks and gumdrops. For example, stage 2 has
8 gumdrops.
91.toothpicks
1. Look
Look and
at the 8 gumdrops.
at the pattern
pattern andand
thenthen draw
draw stage
stage 4. For
4. For later
later stages,
stages, make
make a drawing
a drawing if itifhelps
it helps
you
you
answeranswer
the the questions.
questions.
1. Look at the pattern
you answer and then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
the questions.
2. How
are many
there toothpicks
at stage 4? 3. How
are many
there gumdrops
at stage 4?
2. How many
are there at toothpicks
stage 4? 3. How
are many
there gumdrops
at stage 4?
2. How many toothpicks
are there at stage 4? 3. How many gumdrops
are there at stage 4?
9 4. How many 8toothpicks and gumdrops are there at stage 5?
4.toothpicks
4. How
Howmanymany and gumdrops.
toothpicks
toothpicks
• toothpicks: and
andgumdrops
_____ gumdropsare arethere
thereatatstage
stage5?5?
1. Look at• the
toothpicks: _____
• toothpicks:
• gumdrops: __________
• gumdrops: _____
• gumdrops: _____
5.through
Complete 7. the table to show the number of toothpicks and gumdrops for stages 1
5. Complete
5. through
Complete 7. thetable
the tabletotoshow
showthethenumber
numberofoftoothpicks
toothpicksandandgumdrops
gumdropsfor
forstages
stages11 through 7.
through 7. stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
stage number
1 stagestage
of toothpicks
stage 2 1 29
stage 3 4 5 6 stage7 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number
number ofoftoothpicks
gumdrops 98
number of toothpicks
9
number
2.number
How many of gumdrops
toothpicks 8 3. How many gumdrops
of gumdrops 8
6. What is the number of toothpicks and gumdrops at stage 10?

4.
6. How
What many
6. What is toothpicks
is the the ofand
number
number gumdrops
of toothpicks
toothpicks are
andand there at at
gumdrops
gumdrops stage 5?10?10?
at stage
stage
6. What is •the number of_____
toothpicks: toothpicks and gumdrops at stage 10?
• toothpicks:
• toothpicks:_____
_____
• toothpicks:
• gumdrops:_____
_____
• gumdrops:
• gumdrops: _____
_____
• gumdrops: _____
31
through 7. 31
31
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7. Look at the pattern and then draw stage 5. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps you

at
8. How stage
many5?circles are there at
9. stage
How 6?many circles are there
12. How many circles are there at stage 11?
12. How many circles are there at stage 11?
32
27. Equality
27. Equality
Explorer 6
Explorer
6 6
Write
Writewhole
whole
Writenumbers
numbers ininthe
whole numbers theempty
in theboxes
empty boxes
empty totoboxes
make
maketo the
thenumbers
make
numbers add
addup
the numbers uptoadd
tothe
thesum
upsum for
foreach
to the row
sum for
(written
each rowon
eachthe right)
(written and
row (written each
on the right) column
on theand
right)
each(written
and
column on the
each column bottom).
(written (written
on the bottom).
on the bottom).
1. 1. 2. 2.
13 13
21 21 5 5
29 29
33 33 9 9 31 31
15 15
39 39 44 44
21 21
17 17
33 33
48 23
48 23
3. 3. 4. 4.
7 19
7 11
19 11
47 47 13 13 16 6
16 6
55 55
13 13 4 354 35 15 15 38 38
18 25
18 25
56 56 2 29 94 4
29 29
6 69 9 33 33 7 7 10 10
45 45
37 37
37 42
37 42
55 55 37 37
39 63
39 63
28 28
33 33

28. Sequence
28. Sequence Sleuth
Sleuth 6 6
28.28.
1. a.Sequence
Sequence SleuthSleuth
Find the pattern 6 shape 9.28. Sequence Sleuth 6
6 draw
and
1. a. 28.
FindSequence
the pattern andSleuth 6 9.
draw shape
1. a.1.Find
a. Find the pattern
the pattern andshape
and draw draw 9.
shape 9. 1. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 9.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1b. Draw2shape 11. 61 72 83 5 9 18. 6
49 Draw shape 7
1 2 3 3 4 4 c.
5 Draw shape
5 15.
6 7 d.8
b.b.
Draw 1shape
Draw 11.211.
shape 3 c. Draw
4 shape
c. Draw shape
5Draw
b.15. 6 11.
15.
shape d. 7Draw shape
8 c.18.
d. Draw 9
Draw shape
shape 18.
15. d
2. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 9. 2. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 9.
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 561 76
2 7
83 498 5 9
10 611 7
b. Draw
b. Draw 1shapeshape
12.2 12. 3 4 c.
c. Draw Draw
shape shape
b.16.
5Draw 16.
shape d.8 Draw
6 12. d.7Draw shape c.20.
Drawshape
9 20.
shape 16. d
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b.b.Draw
Drawshape
shape12.
12. c.c.Draw
Drawshape 16.16.
shape d.d.Draw
Drawshape
shape20.20.
3. a. 3.
Find
a. the
Findpattern and draw
the pattern draw9.shape 9.3. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 9.
andshape
3. a. 3. a. Find
3.Find
the pattern
the pattern
a. Find and and
the pattern drawdraw
and
shape
shape
draw 9. 9.
shape 9.
1 2 3 4 5 61 72 83 49 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b. Draw shape 12. c. Draw shapeb.16.
Draw shape 12. d. Draw shapec.21.
Draw shape 16. d
b. Draw
1 shape
2 12. 3 4 c. Draw5shape 16.6 7 d.8 Draw shape
9 21.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b .b.Draw
Drawshape
shape12.
12. c.c.Draw
Drawshape 16.
shape 16. d.d.Draw shape
Draw shape21.
21.
4. a. Find
4. a. Find the pattern and then write letters 12 through 16. the pattern and then write letters 12 through 16.
4. a. Find the pattern and then write letters 12 through 16.
A B B C C C D D D D EA B B C C C D D D D E
1 4.2a. Find
3 the
4 pattern
5 6 and7 then
8 write
9 10letters
111 12
122through
3 14
13 416. 15
5 616 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4.Aa. Find
B theB pattern
C CandCthenDwrite D letters
D 12 D through
E 16.
4. a. Find the pattern and then write letters 12 through 16.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A B B C C C D D D D E
b. Write letter 23. b. Write
c. Write letter
letter 31. 23. c. Write letter 31.
A
1 B
2 B
3 C
4 C C D
5 6 7 D
8 D D 11
9 10 E 12 13 14 15 16
b.1 Write
2 letter
3 23.4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c. 11
Write12
letter1331. 14 15 16
b. Write letter 23. c. Write letter 31.
b. Write letter 23. 34 c. Write letter 31. 34
b. Write letter 23. c. Write letter 31.
34
34
34

29. Number
29. Number NinjaNinja 66
29. Number Ninja 6
29.
Putthe
Put Number
the numbers1,Ninja
numbers 65,5,6 6into
1,2,2,3,3,4,4, intothe
thecircles
circlessosothat
thateach
eachside
sideofofthe
thetriangle
triangleadds
addsupupto the
to the indicated
indicated sum. Usesum. Usenumber
each number only For
once. Fortriangle,
some triangles one or more have
Put the numbers
numbers have 1, each
2, 3,been
already 4, 5,placedonly
6 into the
in
once.
circles
the soeach
circles. that each sideone or more
of the numbers
triangle adds up
Put
already
to thetheindicated
numbers
been 1, 2,
placed
sum. 3,
the4,circles.
inUse 5, 6 into
each the circles
number so that
only once. Foreach
someside of the one
triangles triangle adds up
or more
to the
numbers indicated sum. Use each number only
have already2.been placed in the circles. once. For some triangles one or more
1.
numbers have already been placed in the circles. 3. 4.
sum = 9 sum = 10 sum = 11 sum = 12
1. 2. 3. 4.
1. 2. 3. 4.
sum1= 9 sum1= 10 sum = 11 sum4= 12
sum = 9 sum = 10 sum = 11 sum = 12
1 1 4
1 1 4
5 3
5 3
5 3
3 2 3 1
3 2 3 1
3 2 3
Put the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 into the circles so 1 that each side of the triangle
adds up to the indicated sum. Use each number only once. For some triangles one or
Put
Put the numbers
thenumbers 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,99into
numbershave the
intointhe circles so that
thateach
eachside
sideofofthe
thetriangle
triangleadds up to
more
Put the numbers 1, 2, already
3, 4, 5, been
6, 7, placed
8, 9 into thecircles
the circles.so
circles so that each side
the
addsindicated sum.
up to the Use each
indicated sum.number
Use each onlynumber
once. For onlyeach
once.triangle,
For some or moretriangle
of the
onetriangles numbers
one or have
adds
already
more up to
been
numbersthe indicated
placed
have in the sum.
already Use
circles.
been each
placed number
in the only once.
circles. For some triangles one or
5.
more numbers havesum already
= 17been placed in the 6. circles. sum = 19
5. sum 1= 17 6. sum = 19
5. sum = 17 6. sum = 19
1
1 8 5
8 5
8 5 9
6 9 3
6 9 3 9
6 9 3 9
3 8 2 7 2
3 8 2 7 2
3 8 2 7 2
7. 8.
sum = 23 sum = 21
7. 8.
7. sum =
7 23 8. sum = 21
sum = 23 sum = 21
7
7 7
7
7 8
3 6 2
3 6 2 8
3 6 2 8
9 1 5 6
9 1 5 6
9 1 35 5 6
35
35

30.
30. Function
30.30.Function
Function
Function Finder
Finder 666 6
Finder
Finder
30.
30.
1.
Function
Function
The function
Finder
Finder
machine
6
6adds
adds 13. So when you input 9,9,the output isis22.
1.The
The
1. Thefunction machine
function adds
machine 13. So
13. when
So when you input
you input the
9, output
the output 22.
is 22.
is Use thethe
22.Use
Use rule to toto
therule
rule
1. function machine adds 13. So when you input 9, the output Use the rule to
complete thetable.
complete table.
the table.
complete
1. the
1. The function machine
The function machine adds
adds 13.
13. SoSo when
when you
you input
input 9,
9, the
the output
output is
is 22.
22. Use
Use the
the rule
rule to
to
complete the table.
complete the table.
in in44 499 16 916 16 21 21 54 54 54
RULE:RULE: in 21
99 9 RULE: 22 22
add1313 13 22 out 17
out 22
17 29 29
22 45 45
add add in
out 4
17 9
22 16
29 21 45 54
9 RULE: 22 in 4 9 16 21 54
9 RULE: 22
add out 17 22 29 45
add 13
13 out 17 22 29 45
2. Complete the
2. Complete table
the and
table state
and the
state function
the machine
function rule.
machine rule.
2.2.Complete
Complete thetable
the table andstate
and state thefunction
the function machine
machine rule.
rule.
2.
a. Complete
2. RULE: the table and state the
_____________________
a. RULE: the function
_____________________
the_____________________function machine rule.
b. RULE:______________________
b.b. RULE:______________________
RULE: _____________________
a. Complete
a.
RULE: table
and state
_____________________ machine rule.
b. RULE:______________________
in in
14 14 21 21 29 29
36 36 74 74 b. RULE:______________________
in in66 61313 13
18 18
25 25 57 57
a. RULE:
a. RULE:
in _____________________
_____________________
14 21 29 36 74 b. RULE:______________________
in 18 25 57
out
in 24 24
out
14 31 31
21 39 39
29 52 52 out
in out28 35 35
28 40 40 64 64
out
in 2414 31 21 39 29 3636 52 74 74 out
in 28 6
6 13
13 18
35 40
18 25
25 64 5757
3a. out
out 24
Complete
24 the31
3a. Complete the39
table.
31table.
39
table. 52
52 out
out 28
28 35
35 40
40 64
64
3a.
3a.Complete
Completethe
the table.
3a.
3a. Complete the
the table.
Spencer’s age age55
Spencer’s
Complete table. 511
23 23
11 35 35 66 66 66
Spencer’s age 11
23 35
Amanda’s
Amanda’s
Spencer’s age age13
13
5 19
31 31
13
19
11
23 35 52 52
Amanda’s
Spencer’s age
age 5 19
31
11
23 35 52 66 66
b. Spencer is 16. How
Amanda’s age old13is Amanda? c. Amanda is 47. How old is Spencer?
b. Spencer
is 16.isHow
Amanda’s
b. Spencer 16. old13
ageHow isold 19
19
Amanda? 31
is Amanda?
31 52
52 c. Amanda
c. Amanda is 47.isHow
47. How
old isold is Spencer?
Spencer?
b. Spencer is 16. How old is Amanda? c. Amanda is 47. How old is Spencer?
b.
b. Spencer
Spencer is
is 16.
16. How
How old
old is
is Amanda?
Amanda? c.
c. Amanda
Amanda is is 47.
47. How
How old
old is
is Spencer?
Spencer?
4a. Complete
the table.
4a.
4a.Complete
4a. Complete costcost
Complete the
to
the table.
make
to
the cakecake
make
table.
table. ($) ($) 66 699 91515 15 22 22 28 28
cost to make cake ($) 22 28
selling
cost price
selling of cake
price cake ($) ($)
of cake 11 14
11 20 20
14 27 27 41 41
cost to
selling make
makeofcake
toprice cake ($) ($)
($) 6
11
6 9
14
9 15
20
15 22
22 28
27 28 41
b. It b. costs
Itselling
$25 price
$25price
costs
selling to make
$25 of
to
ofmakethe cake.
cake
cake ($) 11
11 14
the cake.
($) 14 20 c. 27
20 c. The
27 selling
c. The priceprice
41
selling
41 of the cake
ofcake is $17.
the cake is $17.
b. It costs to make the cake. The selling price of the is $17.
What Whatis the selling
isselling price
the selling of
price the cake?
ofcake?
the cake? How much
How does
much it
does cost to
it costmake
to make
What
b. is the$25 pricetheof the How much does it cost to cake
make
b.b.It
It Itcosts
costs
costs $25
$25
to
to make
make
to make the cake.
cake.
thethecake.
c.
c.
the
The
the
Thetheselling
cake?
selling
cake?
c. The
cake?
price
price
selling
of
of the
the
price cake is $17.
is cake
of the $17. is $17.
What
What is the
is the selling price of cake? How much does it cost to make
What is selling
the sellingpriceprice
of theof cake?
the cake? How muchHow
the
does it cost
much doesto make
it cost to make the cake?
the cake?
cake?
5a. Complete
the table.
5a.
5a. Complete
Complete the
the table.
Sammy’s
Sammy’ssitups
table. 20 20
situps 20 32 32
45 45
57 57 70 70
Sammy’s
5a. Complete the situps
table. 32 45 57 70
Sammy’s pushups 55 532
Sammy’s
Sammy’s pushups20
situps 17 17
30 30
45 42 42
57 88 88
Sammy’s
Sammy’spushups
situps 20 17
32 30
45 57 70
42 70 88
b. Sammy does 27
Sammy’s situps.
pushups How5
b. Sammy How5How17
17 30
30 42 c. Sammy 88does 50 pushups.
b. Sammy doesdoes
Sammy’s 27 27 situps.
pushups
situps. 42 c. Sammy
c. Sammy doesdoes
88 50 pushups.
50 pushups.
many pushups
many doesdoes
pushups he do?
he do? HowHow
many situps
many doesdoes
situps he do?
he do?
many
b. pushups
Sammy does does
27 he do?How
situps. How
c. manydoes
Sammy situps50does he do?
pushups.
b. Sammy does 27 situps. How c. Sammy does 50 pushups.
many pushups
b. Sammy
many does
pushupsdoes
does27he do?
hesitups.
do? How How
How many situps
situps does
c. Sammy
many doeshe
does 50do?
he pushups.
do?
many pushups does he do? How many situps does he do?
36
36 36
36
36

31.31. Pattern
Pattern Predictor
Predictor 7 7
1. Look
1. Look at the
at the pattern
pattern andand
thenthen draw
draw stage
stage 4. For
4. For later
later stages,
stages, make
make a drawing
it helps
you
you answer
answer the the questions.
questions.
at stage
2. How many4?stars are there at How
3. stagemany
5? stars are there
at stage 4?
at stage 4? at stage
at stage 5? 5?
4. How many stars are there at stage 6 and stage 7? Complete the table to show the
number of stars for stages 1 through 7.
4. How
4. How manymany stars
stars areare there
there at stage
at stage 6 and
6 and stage
stage 7? 7? Complete
Complete thethe table
table to to show
show thethe
number of
number
stars for of stars 1for
stages stages7.1 through 7.
through
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
13
of stars
number
13
of stars
37
37


7. Look
7. Look at pattern
at the the pattern
and and
thenthen
drawdraw stage
stage 4. For
4. For laterlater stages,
stages, makemake a drawing
a drawing if it helps
if it helps you
7.answer
Look
you atthe
thequestions.
answer pattern
the and then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
questions.
8. Determine how many open dots there are at stage 4 and then complete the table
8. 8.
Determine
Determine how
how
summarizing many
many
your open
open
results. dots there
dots thereareare
at at
stage 4 and
stage then
4 and complete
then thethe
complete table
table
8.summarizing
Determine how many open
yourresults.
results. dots there are at stage 4 and then complete the table
summarizing your
summarizing your results. number of
stagenumber of
open of
stage number dots
stage open dots
1 open dots
2
1 2
1 2 2 4
2 4
2 3 4
3
3 4
4
4
9. Explain in words the pattern you see in the table.

9. Explaininin
Then state words thepattern
the numberpattern yousee
of open seeinin
in stage
thetable.
table.
9. 9.Explain
Explain inwords
wordsthe
the pattern youdots
you see inthe 5 and
the table. • stage 5: _____
Then state
stage
Then the
6. the
state number
thenumber of open
numberofofopen dots
opendots in stage
dotsininstage 5 and
stage55andand
Then state • stage 5: _____
stage 6. • stage 5: _____
stage6.6.
stage • stage 6: _____
• stage 6: _____
• stage 6: _____
10. How many open dots are there at stage 8?

10. How many open dots are there at stage 8?
10.10.
HowHow many
many open
open dots
dots are
are there
there atat stage
stage 8?8?
38
38
38
32. Equality
32. Equality
Explorer 7
Explorer
7 7
Each 2DEach
shape
2Drepresents
shape represents
a different
a different
whole number.
whole number.
Use theUse
equations
the equations
to find their
to find their
Each 2D shape represents a different whole number. Use the equations to find their value.
value. value.
1. 1. 2. 2.
25 25 8 8
2 2 18 18
3. 3. 4. 4.
9 9 10 10
25 25 8 8
5. 5. 6. 6.
32 32 7 7
2 2 3 35 5
16 16 3 3
39 39


33. Sequence
33. Sequence
Sleuth
Sleuth
7 7
Study the sequence in row A to discover the rule. Then apply this rule to complete the sequences
in rowsthe
Study B, C,
Study and
the D.
sequencesequence
in row Aintorow
discover
A to discover
the rule.the
Then
rule.
apply
Thenthis
apply
rulethis
to complete
rule to complete
the the
sequences
sequences
in rows in
B,rows
C, and
B, D.
C, and D.
1. 1. 2. 2.
A: 91,A:
85,91,
79,85,
73,79,
67,73,
61,67, 49 55, 49 A: 5, 6,
55,61, A:8,5,11,
6, 15,
8, 11,
20,15,
26,20,
33 26, 33
B: 59, B:
53,59,
47,53,
__ 47,
, 35,__29,
, 35, , 17__ , 17B: 22, B:
__ 29, 23,22,
25,23,
28,25,
32,28,
37,32,
__ 37,
, 50__ , 50
C: 64,C:
58,64,
52,58,
46,52,
__ 46,
, ____ , ____, 28, __C: 67,C:
, 28, 68,67,
70,68,
73,70,
__ 73,
, 82,____, 82,
, 95__ , 95
D: 80,D:
74,80,
__ 74,
, ____
, 56,
, __50,
, 56,
__ 50, D: 39,D:
, ____ , __ 40,39,
__ 40,
, 45,____, 45,
, 54,____, 54,
, 67__ , 67
3. 3. 4. 4.
A: 11,A:
15,11,
16,15,
20,16,
21,20,
25,21,
26,25,
30 26, 30 A: 70,A:
62,70,
60,62,
52,60,
50,52,
42,50,
40,42,
32 40, 32
B: 18, B:
22,18,
23,22,
27,23,
28,27,
32,28,
__ 32,
, 37__ , 37B: 85, B:
77,85,
75,77,
67,75,
__ 67,
, 57,__55,
, 57,
__ 55, __
C: 46,C:
50,46,
51,50,
55,51,
__ 55,
, 60,____, 60,
, ____ , __C: 94,C:
86,94,
84,86,
76,84,
__ 76,
, ____
, 64,
, ____, 64, __
D: 77,D:
81,77,
__ 81,
, 86,____, 86,
, ____
, 92,
, ____, 92, __
D: 89,D:
81,89,
79,81,
__ 79,
, ____
, 61,
, ____, 61,
, ____ , __
5. 5. 6. 6.
A: 5, 10,
A: 20,
5, 10,
40,20,
80,40,
16080, 160 A: 40,A:
32,40,
35,32,
27,35,
30,27,
22,30,
25,22,
17 25, 17
B: 2, 4,
B:8,2,16,
4, ___
8, 16,
, ___
___ , ___ B: 58, B:
50,58,
53,50,
45,53,
48,45,
40,48,
__ 40,
, ____ , __
C: 3, 6,
C:12,
3, ___
6, 12,
, 48,
______
, 48, ___ C: 94,C:
86,94,
89,86,
81,89,
__ 81,
, 76,____, 76,
, ____ , __
D: 7, 14,
D: 28,
7, 14,
___28,
,112,
______
,112, ___ D: 73,D:
65,73,
68,65,
__ 68,
, ____
, 55,
, ____, 55,
, ____ , __
40 40

34. Number
34. Number Ninja Ninja 77
34.
Fill inNumber
Fill in the blanks
the blanks toNinja
to 7
make the
make the equations
equationstrue.
true.
Fill in the blanks to make the equations true.

1. 27 + ____ = 9 x 7 2. 48 – ____ = 60 ÷ 4
1. 27 + ____ = 9 x 7 2. 48 – ____ = 60 ÷ 4
3. 83 – 38 = 3 x ____ 4. 36 ÷ ____ = 19 – 15
3. 83 – 38 = 3 x ____ 4. 36 ÷ ____ = 19 – 15
5. 34 + 18 = 19 + ____ + 23 6. 21 + 17 – ____ = 48 ÷ 4
5. 34 + 18 = 19 + ____ + 23 6. 21 + 17 – ____ = 48 ÷ 4
7. ____ ÷ 17 = 32 ÷ 8 8. 8 x 9 = ____ x 6
7. ____ ÷ 17 = 32 ÷ 8 8. 8 x 9 = ____ x 6
9. 60 – ____ = 11 + 13 + 15 10. 77 + ____ = 104 – 18
9. 60 – ____ = 11 + 13 + 15 10. 77 + ____ = 104 – 18
Select from the four available numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 and put them in the blank spaces to
make the equation true. For each equation, use each selected number exactly once.
Select
Select from
from the
the four
four available
available numbers
numbers 2,
2, 4,
4, 6,
6, 88 and
and put
put them
them in
in the
the blank
blank spaces
spaces to
to make the
The first problem is done as an example.
equation
make thetrue. For each
equation true. equation, use each selected
For each equation, use eachnumber
selectedexactly
number once. Theonce.
exactly first problem is
done as an example.
The first problem is done as an example.
11. ____2 x ____ 4 + ____ 8 = 16 12. ____ + ____ – ____ = 12
2 x ____
11. ____ 4 + ____
8 = 16 12. ____ + ____ – ____ = 12
13. ____ x ____ – ____ = 30 14. ____ ÷ ____ + ____ = 4
13. ____ x ____ – ____ = 30 14. ____ ÷ ____ + ____ = 4
15. ____ + ____ – ____ = 8 16. ____ x ____ + ____ = 22
15. ____ + ____ – ____ = 8 16. ____ x ____ + ____ = 22
17. ____ x ____ x ____ = 64 18. ____ + ____ + ____ = 14
17. ____ x ____ x ____ = 64 18. ____ + ____ + ____ = 14
41
41

35.
35. Function
FunctionFinder Finder77
35.
1a. Function
1a.Complete
Completethe Finder
thetable.
table. 7
35. Function Finder
1a. Complete the table. 7
1a. Completenumber theoftable.
cheeseburgers 3 5 8 10 14 20
1a. Complete number
totalthe of
cost cheeseburgers
($)
table. 15 25 3 5
40 8
50 10 14 90 100 20
number of cheeseburgers
total cost ($) 3 5 8
15 25 40 50 10 14 20 100
90
b.
b.What
Whatisisthe the total
number totalcost
total of
cost
cost of
cheeseburgers
of
($) 15 325 c.540 How8c. many
50 10 cheeseburgers
How 1490 cheeseburgers
many 100 20 are are
30 cheeseburgers?
30b. cheeseburgers?
What is the total total cost
cost ($)
of bought
15 25 40 50 c. if
How the total
many
bought cost
if is $60?
cheeseburgers
the total
90 100 cost isare
$60?
b. What is the total cost of
30 cheeseburgers? c. How manyif cheeseburgers
bought the total cost is are $60?
30 cheeseburgers?
b. What is the total cost of boughtc. Howif themany
total cheeseburgers
cost is $60? are
30 cheeseburgers? bought if the total cost is $60?
2a. 2a.
Complete the table.
start ofComplete the table.
2a. Complete 8:00
theam table.9:15 am 10:20 am 1:30 pm 3:25 pm 8:05 pm
class start of
end2a.ofComplete8:00 the table.
am 9:15 am 10:20 am 1:30 pm 3:25 pm 8:05 pm
start ofclass8:40 am 9:55 am 11:00 am 2:10 pm 5:20 pm 8:45 pm
class 8:00 9:15 10:20 1:30 3:25 pm 8:05
start
end of of
8:00
8:40am am 9:159:55amam 10:20
11:00am am 1:302:10pm pm 3:25 pm 5:20 pm 8:05 8:45pmpm
end of class
class
8:40 am 9:55 am 11:00 am 2:10 pm 5:20 pm 8:45 pm
b. Ifclass
endstarts
class of at 11:45 am, c. If class ends at 3:10 pm,
8:40 am 9:55 am 11:00 am 2:10 pm 5:20 pm 8:45 pm
whenb.doesclass
If it
class end?
starts at 11:45 am, whenc.does If it start?
class ends at 3:10 pm,pm,
b. If class starts at 11:45 am, c. If class ends at 3:10
b. Ifwhen
class
whendoes starts
doesititat 11:45
end?
end? am, c. If class
when ends
does at
it 3:10
start?
when does it start? pm,
when b. does
If class it end?
starts at 11:45 am, when c. does
If classit start?
ends at 3:10 pm,
when does it end? when does it start?
3a. number oftable. minutes walking 1 5 8 20 30 50
3a. Complete
Completethe the table.
number
3a. Complete number ofthe of minutes
calories
table. walking4
burned 1
20 5
32 8
80 20 30 160 200 50
number of minutes walking
number of calories burned 1 45 8
20 32 80 20 30 16050 200
b. 25 minutesnumber of
number walking burns
of minutes
of calories c. How
walking 4 120 532 880 20 30
burned many minutes of walking
160 200 50
how many calories?
b. 25 minutesnumber of of
walking burns
calories burned 4 are needed
20 c. 32 How manyto
80 burn 48 calories?
minutes160 of200walking
b. 25 minutes
how many of walking
calories?
b. 25 minutes of walking burns burns c. How are many
needed minutes
to burnof walking
48
c. How many minutes of walking calories?
howb.many25 calories?
minutes of walking burns are needed
c. How to burn
many 48 calories?
minutes of walking
how many calories? are needed to burn 48 calories?
how many calories? are needed to burn 48 calories?
4a. Complete teacher’s
the table. age 28 35 42 50 57 68
4a.number
4a. Complete
Complete teacher’s
of years
thethe age
teaching
table.
table. 6 2813 3520 4228 50 5740 46 68
teacher’s
number age teaching 28 6 35 1342 2050 2857
of years 4068 46
b. If number
the teacher is
teacher’s 45
of years teachingyears
age old, 6 28 13 35c.
20If the
42 teacher
28 50 has 57taught
40 for 469 68
years,
how many years
b. Ifnumber
the teacherofhas she
is
years taught?
45teaching
years old, 6 13what c. is Ifher
20 theage?
teacher has taught
28 40 for 9 years,
46
b. If the
howteacher
many years is 45 years
has she old,
taught? c. If the
what teacher
is her has
age?taught for 9 years,
howb.manyIf the years
teacher hasisshe45 taught?
years old, whatc.isIf herthe age?
teacher hashastaught for 9foryears,
b. If the teacher is 45 years old, c. If the teacher taught 9 years,
how many years has she taught? what is her age?
how many years has she taught? what is her age?
42
42
42
42
36.36.Pattern
PatternPredictor
Predictor8 8
36.
Look at Pattern
Look at the
the pattern Predictor
pattern
for for
thethe
firstfirst8four
four stages.
stages. ForFor later
later stages,
stages, make
make a drawing
it helps
you
you answer
the questions.
Look at the pattern for the first four stages. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
1. How many hearts are there 2. How many hearts are there
1. 1.
How many hearts are there
How many hearts are there 2. How
2. Howmany
manyhearts
heartsare
arethere
there
at stage
at stage 5?
5? at stage at stage
6? 6?
3. How many hearts are there at stage 7 and stage 8? Complete the table to show the
number of hearts for stages 1 through 8.
3. 3.
HowHow many
many hearts
hearts areare there
there at at stage
stage 7 and
7 and stage
stage 8?8?Complete
Completethe
thetable
tabletotoshow
showthe
thenumber of
number
hearts of hearts
for stages
stage for stages
1 1 through
2 1
38. through
4 8.
5 6 7 8
number
ofstage
hearts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
number
of hearts
4. at
How many
stage 11?hearts are there 5. stage
at How many
14? hearts are there
43
43


6. Look
6. Look at the
at the pattern
pattern andand then
then draw
draw stage
stage 4. 4.
ForFor later
later stages,
stages, make
make a drawing
a drawing if itif helps
it helps
you
6. answer
Look at6.
the
you answer
the
Look atquestions.
pattern
the the pattern
and
questions. then and then
draw draw
stage 4. stage
For later4.stages,
For later stages,
make a make aifdrawing
drawing it helps if it helps
you6. Look
answeryouat
thethe pattern
answer the and
questions. then draw stage 4. For later stages, make a drawing if it helps
questions.

stage 1 stage 1 stage 2 stage 2 stage 3 stage 3 stage 4 stage 4
7. How many unshaded diamonds 8. How many shaded diamonds
7. How
are 7.
many
there How
at many
unshaded
stage 4?
7. How many unshaded diamonds unshaded
diamondsdiamonds 8. How
are there 8.8. How
many How many
atshaded
stage
many shaded diamonds
diamonds
4? shaded diamonds
7.
areare Howat
there many
are there
stage unshaded
at
4? stage diamonds
4? are 8. Howat
there many
are there
stage shaded
at
4? diamonds
stage 4?
arethere
thereatatstage
stage4?4? are thereare there at
at stage 4?stage 4?
9. How many unshaded diamonds are there at stage 5? How many shaded diamonds
9. How many5?unshaded diamonds arestage
there at How
stagemany
5? How many shaded diamonds
9.9. How
How
9.
many
are there
many
How
unshaded
atunshaded
many
stage
unshaded
diamonds
What is the
diamonds
diamonds
are there
total
are there
are
at
number
at
there stage
at
5?
of diamonds
5?
stage How
5? Howmany shaded
at stage
many
5? diamonds
shaded
shadeddiamonds are there
diamonds
are there at arestage
there5? at stage
What is5?theWhat
totalisnumber
the totalofnumber
diamonds of diamonds
at stage 5?at stage 5?
atare
stagethere5?atWhat
stageis
• unshaded: theWhat
5?
_____ total is
number of number
the total diamonds of at stage 5?at stage 5?
diamonds
• unshaded: • unshaded:
_____ _____
••shaded:
• unshaded: unshaded: _____
_____ _____
• shaded: •_____
shaded: _____
••total:
shaded:_____
_____
• shaded:
• total: _____
• total: _____
• total: _____
• total: _____
10. Complete the table to show the number of diamonds for stages 1 through 7.
10. Complete
10. Complete the table totheshow
tablethe
to number
show theofnumber
diamonds of diamonds
for stagesfor stages 17.through 7.
1 through
10. Complete
10. Complete the table
the stage
table to show
to show the number
the number of of diamonds
diamonds for for stages
stages 1 1 through
through 7.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7.
number ofstage
unshaded stage 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 5 7 6 7
stage diamonds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number ofnumber
unshaded of unshaded
diamondsdiamonds 1 1
number of
number of unshaded
shaded diamonds
diamonds 51
number ofnumber
shadedofdiamonds
shaded diamonds 5 5
total number
number of diamonds
of shaded diamonds 65
totalofnumber
total number diamonds of diamonds 6 6
total number of diamonds 6
11. What is the total number of diamonds at stage 10? How many of these diamonds
11. What is11. theWhat
totalisnumber
the of number
total diamonds at stage 10?
of diamonds How many
at stage of these
10? How diamonds
manydiamonds are
of these diamonds
11.are
What is the
unshaded? total
Hownumber
many ofofdiamonds
them are at stage 10?
shaded? How many of these
unshaded?
11. What is How
the
are unshaded? many
total of
number them of are shaded?
diamonds at stage 10? How many of these diamonds
are unshaded? How manyHow manyare
of them of shaded?
them are shaded?
are unshaded? How many of them are shaded?
• unshaded:
• unshaded: _____ _____
•
• unshaded: _____unshaded: _____
••shaded:
unshaded: __________
• shaded:
• shaded: •_____
_____ shaded: _____
••total:
shaded: _____
_____
• total: _____• total: _____
• total:• total:
__________
44
44 44
44
37. Equality
37. Equality
Explorer 88
Explorer 8
37. Equality
37. Equality
ExplorerExplorer
8 8
37.
1. If
Equality
37. Equality
ExplorerExplorer
1. = If5,
8 8
= 5, 2. If 2. If
= 36, = 36,
37. Equality
37. Equality
ExplorerExplorer
8 8
37.IfEquality
1. 37.
1. = If5,
Equality
Explorer
= 5,Explorer
8 8 2. If 2. If
= 36, = 36,
If
1. then If5,
1. = then = 5,= 2. If 2. If
==36, ==36,
= then 2. then
. 2. If.
If
1. then
1. If
If5,
1. = then
1. = If5,
= 5,=
= 5, = 2. thenIf. 2. then
If = 36,
If ==36, =.=36, .
then then
. =. 36, .
= = then then = =
. . . .
then
3. If then
3. If = = 4. Ifthen 4. Ifthen = =
then then = 40, = = 40, .= . = then
16,= = 16,.= .
. then
4. If .
3. If 3. If
= 40, = 40,
4. If . .
= 16, = 16,
3. If 3. If 4. If 4. If
= 40, = 40,
then
3. If then
3. =If = = = 4. If then 4. =If 16,
then =
= 16,
=
If =, 40, =, 40, . 4. If . = If 16, = 16, . .
=If
3.
then 3.
then then 4.
= 40,= == 40, = =then16, = = 16, =
then then , , . then . then =
. .
= = = = =
then then , , . . . .
thenIf
=
then
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5. 5. =If = 16,, = = 16, =, . = Ifthen . Ifthen = = 21, .= = 21, .
5. If 5. If , , . 6. If . 6. If
. .
= 16, = 16, = 21, = 21,
5. If 5. If 6. If If
= 16, = 16, then 6. then = =21, = =21,
then then= =
5. If 5. If . . 6. If
6. then
6. If
6. then
= =21, =.=21, .
If
5. then If =
5. then 16,
=
= 16,
= 16,
= 16,= If If = 21, =.21, .
. . then then = =
then then= = . .
. . then then = =
then then= = then then = .= .
7. Ifthen 7. Ifthen= =15, = .=15, . 8. If 8. If= 12, = 12, . .
. .
7. If 7. If = 15, = 15, 8. If 8. If= 12, = 12,
7. If
then 7. If = 15,=
then = 15,= 8. If 8. If= 12, = 12,
If If = 15,= .
= 15,=
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thenIf thenIf== 12, . == 12,
7.
then
7. If
7.
then
7. If = 15, = 15, If
8.
8. If= 12,
.
. . 8.
then then= = 12,
then then = = . = .
. . then then=
then then = = . = .
then then = . = . then thenIf== 24, . == 24,
9. If 9. If = 22, = 22,. . 10.
thenIf 10.
then= .
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9. If 9. If = 22, = 22, 10. If 10. If= 24, = 24,
9. If
then 9. If = 22,
then =
= 22, = 10. If 10. If= 24, = 24,
. then . =
then =
9. If
then 9. If = 22,
then =
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9. If 9. If = 22, = 22, . then
10. If . 10. = If= 24, = = 24,
then
then then = = . .
. then . =
then =
then then = = . .
then then = . = then . =
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. 45 then . 45 then = . = .
. .
45 45
45 45
45 45
45 45

38. Sequence
38. Sequence Sleuth Sleuth
8 8
The bold lines divide the 4 x 4 square into four 2 x 2 squares. Fill in the grid so that every row,
38. Sequence
column,
38.
The bold
The
and
Sequence
lines
bold
2 xdivide
Sleuth
2linesthe
divide
square
Sleuth
8square
4contains
x4the 4 xthe
8into
4 square
fourinto
4 shapes 2 above
xfour
2 squares.
2the
x 2grid.
squares.
Fill in the
Fillgrid
in the
so that
grid so that
every row,
everycolumn,
row, column,
and 2 x and
2 square
2 x 2 square
containscontains
the 4 shapes
the 4 shapes
above the above
grid.the grid.
The boldThelines
bold
divide
linesthe
divide
4x4 the
square
4 x 4 square
into fourinto
2 xfour
2 squares.
2 x 2 squares.
Fill in the
Fillgrid
in the
so that
grid so that
every
1. row,
every
1. column,
row, column,
and 2 x and
2 square
2 x 2 square
containscontains
2.the 4 shapes
the
2. 4 shapes
above the
above
grid. the grid.
1. 1. 2. 2.
3. 3. 4. 4.
3. 3. 4. 4.
46 46
46 46

39. Number
39. Number
39. Number 39.Ninja
NinjaNumber
Ninja
88 8Ninja 8
39. Number
39. Number 39.Ninja
Number
Ninja
8 8Ninja 8
Fillininthe
Fill Fill
theempty
in
empty
the Fill
empty
boxes
boxesin the
boxes
tomake
to empty
make
tothe
make
boxes
thearithmetic
arithmetic
the
to make
arithmetic
work
the out
work arithmetic
out
workcorrectly.
out correctly.
work out correctly.
correctly.
39. Number
39. Number 39.Ninja
Number
Ninja
8 8Ninja 8
Fill in Fill
the inempty
the Fill
empty
boxes
in the
boxes
toempty
make
to make
boxes
the arithmetic
the
to make
arithmetic
work
the arithmetic
out
workcorrectly.
out correctly.
work out correctly.
39. Number
39. Number 39.Ninja
Number
Ninja
8 8Ninja 8
Fill
1. in Fill
the in
1. empty
the Fill
empty
boxes
1. in the
boxes
toempty
make
to
2. make
boxes
the2.arithmetic
the
to make
arithmetic
2.work
the arithmetic
out
workcorrectly.
out correctly.
3. work
3. out correctly.
3.
Fill
1. in Fill
the in
1. empty
the Fill
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Hints
Pattern Explorer: Beginning Hints
1. Pattern Predictor 1 Hints

• Hint for questions 1-6: Each row of circles has 2 unshaded circles and 1
shaded circle. Stage 5 has 5 rows of circles, for a total of 10 unshaded circles and 5
1. Pattern Predictor 1 (p. 1)
shaded circles. Stage 6 has 6 rows of circles, for a total of 12 unshaded circles and 6
• Hint for questions 1-6: Each row of circles has 2 unshaded circles and 1 shaded
shaded
circle. circles.
Stage Continue
5 has 5 rows the patternfor
of circles, to afind later
total stages.
of 10 For example,
unshaded circles andstage 10 has circles.
5 shaded 10
rows 6ofhas
Stage circles, for of
6 rows a total of 20
circles, forunshaded
a total of 12 circles and 10circles
unshaded shaded and circles.
6 shaded circles.
• Hint for questions 7-12: Increasing the stage number
Continue the pattern to find later stages. For example, stage 10 has by 1 adds 2 unshaded
10 rows ofcircles
circles,and
for a
2 shaded circles. Stage 3 has 6 unshaded
total of 20 unshaded circles and 10 shaded circles. circles and 7 shaded circles, for a total of 13
circles.
• Hint Stage 4 has
for questions 7-12: 8 unshaded
Increasingcircles and number
the stage 9 shaded bycircles,
1 addsfor a total of 17
2 unshaded circles.
circles and 2
Stage 5
shaded has 10Stage
circles. unshaded3 hascircles and 11circles
6 unshaded shaded and circles, for a circles,
7 shaded total of for
21 acircles.
total ofKeep
13 circles.
adding
Stage 2 unshaded
4 has 8 unshaded circles andand
circles 2 shaded
9 shaded circles to get
circles, forlater stages.
a total of 17 circles. Stage 5 has
10 unshaded circles and 11 shaded circles, for a total of 21 circles. Keep adding 2 unshaded
circles and 2 shaded
2. Equality Explorer circles
1 to get later stages.
• Hint for question 1: Two triangles are worth 18, so 1 triangle is worth 9. The diamond is
2. Equality
worth 13 Explorer
since 13 1 (p.
+ 73)= 20.
• Hint for for
• Hint question
question Two
1: 2: triangles
Three are are
squares worth 18, 24,
worth so 1sotriangle
1 square is worth 9. 8.
is worth TheUsediamond is
this result
worth 13 since 13 + 7 = 20.
in the first equation: 8 + 5-pointed star = 19, so the 5-pointed star is worth 11.
• Hint for for
• Hint question
question Three
2: 4: Twosquares
clouds +are15 worth
= 25. So 24, 2soclouds
1 square
mustisbe worth 8. 10,
worth Usewhich
this result
means in
the first equation: 8 + 5-pointed star = 19, so the 5-pointed star
1 cloud is worth 5. Use this result in the second equation: 2 pentagons + 5 = 11. So 2is worth 11.
• Hint for question 4: Two clouds + 15 = 25. So 2 clouds must be worth 10, which means
pentagons are worth 6, which means 1 pentagon is worth 3.
1 cloud is worth 5. Use this result in the second equation: 2 pentagons + 5 = 11. So 2
• Hint for question
pentagons are worth5:6,Thewhich 6-pointed
means star is worth is
1 pentagon 7,worth
since 3.in the first equation 7 + 10 + 7 =
24.
• Hint for question 5: The 6-pointed star is worth 7, since in the first equation 7 + 10 + 7 = 24.
3. Sequence
3. Sequence SleuthSleuth 1
1 (p. 4)
• Hint for all questions:
• Hint for all questions: Later Later stages
stages cancanbebe found
found byby continuing
continuing thethe repeating
repeating pattern.For
pattern. For
example,ininquestion
example, question1 1the
thepattern
patternthat
thatrepeats
repeatsis:is:lightning
lightningbolt
bolt(L),
(L),cloud
cloud(C),
(C),cloud
cloud(C),
(C),or
or LCC. So the sequence is LCCLCCLCCLCCLCCLCC… So the 7
LCC. So the sequence is LCCLCCLCCLCCLCCLCC… So the 7th shape is lightning bolt (L), th shape is lightning
bolt
the (L),
8th the 8is
shape th shape is cloud (C), the 10th shape is lightning bolt (L), and so on.
cloud (C), the 10th shape is lightning bolt (L), and so on.
4. Number Ninja Ninja

4. Number 1 (p. 5)1
• Hint for for
• Hint question
question ForFor
1: 1: thethe
toptop
row, find
row, pairs
find of of
pairs numbers
numbers that
NO YES
multiply to 6: 1 x 6 = 6 and 2 x 3 = 6. For the bottom
that multiply to 6: 1 x 6 = 6 and 2 x 3 = 6. For the bottom find row,
pairs
row,offind
numbers
pairs ofthat multiply
numbers to multiply
that 20. Youto have
20. the
Youright
haveanswer
the 1 6 6 2 3 6
when the multiplications also work out for the columns.
right answer when the multiplications also work out for the Two
10 2 20 4 5 20
examples
columns.are Two shown where
examples theshown
are rows work
whereout.the On
rowsthe left,out.
work the
columns do not work since 1 x 10 ≠ 8 and 6 x 2 ≠ 15. On the 8 15 8 15
On the left, the columns do not work since 1 x 10 ≠ 8 and
right, the columns do work since 2 x 4 = 8 and 3 x 5 = 15.
6 x 2 ≠ 15. On the right, the columns do work since 2 x 4 = 8 and 3 x 5 = 15.
• Hint for remaining questions: All questions can be handled like the hint for question 1.
• Hint for remaining questions: All questions can be handled like the hint for question 1.
5. Function Finder 1 (p. 6)
5. Function
• Hint Finder
for question 1 the examples: 6 + 7 = 13, 11 + 14 = 25, 2 + 7 = 9, and so on.
1: For
• Hint
• Hint for for question
question ForFor
2: 1: thethe examples:6 6x +
examples: 97== 13,
54, 7 11
x 4 += 14
28,=225,
x 52=+10,
7 =and
9, and so on.
so on.
• Hint for question 2: For the examples: 6 x 9 = 54, 7 x 4 = 28, 2 x 5 = 10,
• Hint for question 3: For the examples: 33 – 12 = 21, 16 – 11 = 5, 100 – 30 = 70, andand so on.so on.
• Hint for question 3: For the examples: 33 – 12 = 21, 16 – 11 = 5, 100 – 30 = 70, and so
on. Predictor 2 (p. 7)
6. Pattern
• Hint for questions 1-6: Stage 4 has 6 branches, each containing 4 circles: 6 x 4 = 24
circles. Stage 5 has 6 branches, each containing 1 5 circles: 6 x 5 = 30 circles. Stage 6 has
6 branches, each containing 6 circles: 6 x 6 = 36 circles. Stage 7 has 6 branches, each
containing 7 circles: 6 x 7 = 42 circles. Continue the pattern to find later stages.
• Hint for questions 7 and 8: Each stage has 6 branches of circles. For question 7, 6 times
what number equals 54? That number equals 54 ÷ 6. For question 8, 6 times what number
equals 78? That number equals 78 ÷ 6.
• Hint for questions 9-13: Stage 1 has 1 diamond. Stage 2 has 1 + 2 = 3 diamonds. Stage 3
has 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 diamonds. Stage 4 has 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 diamonds. Stage 5 has 1 + 2
+ 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 diamonds. Stage 6 has 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21 diamonds. Continue the
pattern to find later stages.
7. Equality Explorer 2 (p. 9)

• Hint for question 1: When you subtract 5 from the heart in the first equation you get 11. The
heart must be worth 16, since 16 – 5 = 11. Using heart = 16 in the second equation gives 16
+ 2 pentagons = 30, which means 2 pentagons are worth 14. So 1 pentagon = 7.
• Hint for question 3: The star is worth 12 since 12 + 12 – 4 = 20 in the second equation.
• Hint for question 5: Start with the first equation: the triangle is worth 9, since 20 – 9 = 11.
Using triangle = 9 in the second equation gives 2 lightning bolts + 9 = 19, which means 2
lightning bolts are worth 10. So 1 lightning bolt = 5.
8. Sequence Sleuth 2 (p. 10)
• Hint for question 1: Start with 7 and keep adding 4.
• Hint for question 2: Start with 98 and keep subtracting 6.
• Hint for question 4: Start with 2 and keep adding 13.
• Hint for question 6: Start with 14 on Monday and keep adding 3: 17 on Tuesday, 20 on
Wednesday, 23 on Thursday, 26 on Friday, and so on.
9. Number Ninja 2 (p. 11)

• Hint for question 1: 18 + 12 = 30 (sum of 2 hearts), 1 + 29 = 30 (sum of 2 clouds), 7 + 23 =
30 (sum of two squares), 15 + 15 = 30 (sum of 2 circles).
• Hint for question 2: What is the sum of the 2 hearts (22 + 3)? What is the sum of the 2
clouds (8 + 17)? What is the sum of the 2 squares (24 + 1)? What is the sum of the 2 circles
(20 + 5)?
• Hint for question 3: What is the product of the 2 hearts (3 x 8)? What is the product of the 2
clouds (12 x 2)?
• Hint for question 5: What is the difference between the 2 hearts (88 – 38)? What is the
difference between the 2 clouds (64 – 14)?

• Hint for question 1: For the examples: 3 + 1 + 10 = 14, 5 + 10 + 30 = 45, and so on.
• Hint for question 2: For the examples: 2 x 5 x 7 = 70, 3 x 3 x 5 = 45, and so on.
• Hint for question 3: For the examples: 10 + 10 – 3 = 17, 19 + 21 – 2 = 38, and so on.

• Hint for questions 1-6: Stage 4 has 4 rows of 5 triangles: 4 x 5 = 20 triangles. Stage 5 has
5 rows of 6 triangles: 5 x 6 = 30 triangles. Stage 6 has 6 rows of 7 triangles: 6 x 7 = 42
triangles. Continue the pattern to find later stages. Stage 10 has 10 rows of 11 triangles: 10
x 11 = 110 triangles.
• Hint for questions 7-12: Stage 4 has 5 rows of 4 circles: 5 x 4 = 20 circles. Stage 5 has
5 rows of 5 circles: 5 x 5 = 25 circles. Stage 6 has 5 rows of 6 circles: 5 x 6 = 30 circles.
Continue the pattern to find later stages. Stage 10 has 5 rows of 10 circles: 5 x 10 = 50
circles.
• Hint for questions 13 and 14: Each stage has 5 rows of circles. For question 13, 5 times
what number equals 40? That number equals 40 ÷ 5. For question 14, 5 times what number
equals 75? That number equals 75 ÷ 5.

• Hint for all questions: Use guess-and-check: explore, plug numbers into the squares, and
see what you get. Remember to use each number only once.


• Hint for question 1: Keep adding 25 minutes to go from one time to the next.
• Hint for question 2: Keep adding 40 minutes to go from one time to the next.
• Hint for question 3: Keep adding 1 hour, 15 minutes to go from one time to the next.

• Hint for question 1: The top circle is 5 x 9 = 45, the bottom circle is 5 + 9 = 14.
• Hint for question 3: To get the number in the empty square on the right: 6 times what
number equals 42? Once you get that the right square’s number equals 7, add the two
squares to get the bottom circle: 6 + 7 = 13.
• Hint for question 5: There are two pairs of numbers that multiply to 15 (the top circle): 1 x 15
= 15 and 3 x 5 = 15. Which pair of numbers add up to 8 (the bottom circle)?
• Hint for question 20: Remember that 1 x 14 = 14.
• Hint for question 1: The output is 6 more than the input 47: 47 + 6 = 53.
• Hint for question 2: The input is 6 less than the output 80: 80 – 6 = 74.
• Hint for question 3b: The output is 3 times the input. If the input is 7, the output is 3 x 7 = 21.
If the output is 45, the input is 15 since 3 x 15 = 45.

• Hint for questions 1-6: Increasing the stage number by 1 adds 2 toothpicks and 1 gumdrop.
Stage 4 has 9 toothpicks and 6 gumdrops. Stage 5 has 11 toothpicks and 7 gumdrops.
Stage 6 has 13 toothpicks and 8 gumdrops. Keep adding 2 toothpicks and 1 gumdrop to get
later stages.
• Hint for questions 7-12: Stage 4 has 3 branches of 4 triangles each plus 6 triangles in the
middle: 3 x 4 + 6 = 12 + 6 = 18 triangles. Stage 5 has 3 branches of 5 triangles each plus
6 triangles in the middle: 3 x 5 + 6 = 15 + 6 = 21 triangles. Stage 6 has 3 branches of 6
triangles each plus 6 triangles in the middle: 3 x 6 + 6 = 18 + 6 = 24 triangles. Continue the
pattern to find later stages. For example, stage 12 has 3 branches of 12 triangles each plus
6 triangles in the middle: 3 x 12 + 6 = 36 + 6 = 42 triangles.

• Hint for question 1: The left column tells us triangle + triangle = 40, so 1 triangle = 20. The
top row tells us triangle + circle = 39, so 20 + circle = 39, which means circle = 19.
• Hint for question 2: The bottom row tells us heart + heart = 8, so 1 heart = 4. The left
column tells us 2 diamonds + heart = 34, so 2 diamonds + 4 = 34, which means 2 diamonds
= 30. So 1 diamond = 15.

• Hint for question 7: Keep subtracting 10 to go from one term to the next.
• Hint for question 9: Keep multiplying by 2 to go from one term to the next.
• Hint for question 11: Keep dividing by 2 to go from one term to the next.

• Hint 1 for all questions: Keep searching for rows, columns, and diagonals where you know 2
of the 3 numbers. You can use the two known numbers to find the missing third number. For
example, in question 1 the middle number in the top row is 2 since 9 + 2 + 7 = 18.
• Hint 2 for all questions: Remember that the numbers in the diagonals must also add up to
the indicated sum. For example, in question 1 the middle square is 6 since 9 + 6 + 3 = 18.
• Hint 3 for all questions: Remember that there are two diagonals in each question. For
example, in question 1 the lower left square is 5 since the middle square is 6 (see Hint 2) and
5 + 6 + 7 = 18.


• Hint for question 1: Start with the smallest number in the upper left corner and then keep
adding 1 in a clockwise direction. For 1a: 60 is in the top left, 61 is in the top right, 62 is in
the lower right, and 63 is in the lower left.
• Hint for question 2: Start with the smallest number in the upper left corner and then keep
adding 3 in a clockwise direction. For 2a: 22 is in the top left, 25 is in the top right, 28 is in
the lower right, and 31 is in the lower left.

• Hint for questions 1-6: Increasing the stage number by 1 adds 3 toothpicks and 2 gumdrops.
Stage 6 has 19 toothpicks and 14 gumdrops. Keep adding 3 toothpicks and 2 gumdrops to
get later stages.
• Hint for questions 7-12: Stage 4 has 4 rows of 4 stars each: 4 x 4 = 16 stars. Stage 5 has 5
rows of 5 stars each: 5 x 5 = 25 stars. Stage 6 has 6 rows of 6 stars each: 6 x 6 = 36 stars.
Continue the pattern to find later stages. For example, stage 10 has 10 rows of 10 stars
each: 10 x 10 = 100 stars.
• Hint for 5
22. Equality Explorer (p. 27) 2: For the second equation, you want to find two numbers that multiply
question
to 30: 1 x
• Hint for question 2: For 30 = the
30, second
2 x 15 =equation,
30, 3 x 10you = 30,
want 5 xto6 find
= 30. Which
two numberspair of numbers
that multiplyalso
to
30: 1 x 30 satisfies
= 30, 2the x 15 first equation?
= 30, 3 x 10 =It 30, is 65and
x 6 5= since 6–5=
30. Which 1. of numbers also satisfies
pair
the first equation? It is 6 and
• Hint for question 4:5Forsince
the6second
– 5 = 1.equation, you want to find two different whole
• Hint for question 4: For the second
numbers that add up to 10: 9 + 1 = 10, equation, you8 want
+ 2 = to 10,find
7 +two
3 =different
10, 6 + 4whole
= 10.numbers
Which pair of
that add up to 10: also
numbers 9 + 1satisfies
= 10, 8 + the2= 10,equation?
first 7 + 3 = 10, 68
It is + and
4 = 10. Which
2 since 8 ÷pair
2 = of
4. numbers also
satisfies the firstfor
• Hint equation?
question 5: It is
The8 and 2 since
triangle 8 ÷ 212
is worth = 4.since 12 + 12 + 6 = 30 (first equation). Use
• Hint for question 5: The triangle is worth 12 since
that triangle = 12 in the second equation: 2 lightning 12 + 12 + 6 bolts
= 30 –(first
12 =equation). Use that
8, so 2 lightning bolts =
triangle =20,
12 which
in the second equation:
means 1 lightning bolt = 10.2 lightning bolts – 12 = 8, so 2 lightning bolts = 20,
which means 1 lightning bolt = 10.
• Hint 1 for •all
Hint Search forSearch
1 for all questions:
questions: for apattern
a number numberin pattern in each question.
each question. In questionIn 1,
question
you 1, you
keep adding 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and so on. In question 2,
keep adding 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and so on. In question 2, you keep adding 4: you keep adding
4: 4,20,
4, 8, 12, 16, 8, 24,
12, 28,
16, 32,
20, 36,
24, and
28, 32, 36, and
so on. so on. In
In question 3, question
you keep3,adding
you keep adding
5: 1, 6, 11,5: 1, 6, 11,
16,
16, 21, 26, 31, 36,
21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, and so on.41, 46, and so on.
• Hint 2 for •all
Hint In additionIntoaddition
2 for all questions:
questions: numberto numberalso
patterns, patterns, also
look for look for geometric
geometric patterns patterns
formed by
formed by the circles. the circles.
24. Number
24. Number Ninja 5 (p. 29)Ninja 5
• Hint for all• Hint You can apply From question 2:
questions:
for all questions: You the
can rule to the
apply userule
higher numbers
to use higher to
solve for lower
numbers missing numbers.
to solve For
for lower example,
missing in question
numbers. 2 since 18 +
For example, 25
7 = 25 theinmissing
question number
2 sinceequals
18 + 77.= 25 the missing number equals 7. 18 ?
25. Function 25.
Finder 5 (p. 30)
Function Finder 5
• Hint for question 2a: When youWhen
• Hint for question 2a: input 2,
youtheinput
output is 2output
2, the x 5 = 10.
is 2 When youWhen
x 5 = 10. input you
6, the
input 6, the
output is 6 x 5 = 30. When you input 9, the output is 9 x 5 = 45.
output is 6 x 5 = 30. When you input 9, the output is 9 x 5 = 45.
• Hint for question 3a: The function rule is to multiply the number of gallons by 4 to get the
• Hint for question 3a: The function rule is to multiply the number of gallons by 4 to get the
number of quarts: 3 gallons give you 3 x 4 = 12 quarts, 5 gallons give you 5 x 4 = 20 quarts,
number of quarts: 3 gallons give you 3 x 4 = 12 quarts, 5 gallons give you 5 x 4 = 20
and so on.
quarts, and
• Hint for question 3b: so on. the rule from 3a: 15 gallons give you 15 x 4 = 60 quarts.
Using
• Hint for question 3c: Using the Using
3b: rule the3a:
from rule10
from 3a: 15
gallons gallons
give you 10give
x 4you 15quarts.
= 40 x 4 = 60 quarts.
• Hint for question 3c: Using the rule from 3a: 10 gallons give
• Hint for question 4: The function rule is to multiply the number of feet by 12 to getyou 10 x 4 =the
40 quarts.
number of• Hint for question
inches: The function
2 feet are4:worth 2 x 12 =rule is to multiply
24 inches, 3 feetthe
arenumber
worth 3 of feet= by
x 12 3612 to get the
inches,
and so on.number of inches: 2 feet are worth 2 x 12 = 24 inches, 3 feet are worth 3 x 12 = 36
inches, and so on.
52 26. Pattern Predictor 6 © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849
• Hint for questions 1-6: Increasing the stage number by 1 adds 4 toothpicks and 3

• Hint for questions 1-6: Increasing the stage number by 1 adds 4 toothpicks and 3 gumdrops.
Stage 6 has 25 toothpicks and 20 gumdrops. Keep adding 4 toothpicks and 3 gumdrops to
get later stages.
• Hint for questions 7-12: Stage 5 has 7 rows of 5 circles each: 7 x 5 = 35 circles. Stage 6
has 8 rows of 6 circles each: 8 x 6 = 48 circles. Stage 7 has 9 rows of 7 circles each: 9 x 7
= 63 circles. Continue the pattern to find later stages. For example, stage 11 has 13 rows of
11 circles each: 13 x 11 = 143 circles.

• Hint 1 for all questions: Search for a row or column that has only 1 missing number. You can
use the remaining number(s) in that row or column to find the missing number. For example,
in question 1 the top left square must be 8 since in the top row 8 + 13 = 21.
• Hint 2 for all questions: As you find missing numbers, keep searching for new rows or
columns that have only 1 missing number. For example, in question 1 after you determine
the top left square is 8 (see Hint 1) you can then determine that the bottom left square must
be 7 since 8 + 7 = 15 in the left column.

• Hint for questions 1-3: Later stages can be found by continuing the repeating pattern. For
example, in question 1 the pattern that repeats is: star (S), star (S), diamond (D), circle (C),
or SSDC. So the sequence is SSDCSSDCSSDCSSDCSSDC… So the 9th shape is a star
(S) and the 11th shape is a diamond (D).
• Hint for question 4: The pattern is growing rather than repeating: 1 A, then 2 Bs, then 3 Cs,
then 4 Ds, then 5 Es, then 6 Fs, and so on: ABBCCCDDDDEEEEEFFFFFF…

• Hint 1 for all questions: First use triangle sides that have only 1 missing number. You can
use the remaining numbers in that side to find the missing number. For example, in question
1 the middle circle on the bottom side must be 4 since 3 + 4 + 2 = 9.
• Hint 2 for all questions: There are sides with 2 numbers missing, so be prepared to use
guess-and-check when needed: plug in different numbers and keep searching until you get
the desired sum.
• Hint 3 for all questions: Though not necessary, you can guide your guess-and-check
searches using the fact that, for a given triangle, all sides have the same sum. For example,
in question 3: since the number 5 is greater than the number 1, the lower left circle must be
greater than the top circle.
• Hint for question 3: Try 2 in the top circle.
• Hint for question 4: Try 6 in the lower right circle.
• Hint for question 7: Try 8 in the lower right circle.
• Hint for question 8: Try 3 in the top circle.

• Hint for question 2a: When you input 14, the output is 14 + 10 = 24. When you input 21, the
output is 21 + 10 = 31. When you input 29, the output is 29 + 10 = 39.
• Hint for question 3: Amanda is 8 years older than Spencer.
• Hint for question 4: The selling price of the cake is $5 more than the cost to make the cake.
• Hint for question 5: Sammy does 15 less pushups than situps.

• Hint for questions 1-6: Stage 4 has 4 branches of 4 stars each plus 9 stars in the middle:
4 x 4 + 9 = 16 + 9 = 25 stars. Stage 5 has 4 branches of 5 stars each plus 9 stars in the
middle: 4 x 5 + 9 = 20 + 9 = 29 stars. Stage 6 has 4 branches of 6 stars each plus 9 stars

in the middle: 4 x 6 + 9 = 24 + 9 = 33 stars. Continue the pattern to find later stages. For
example, stage 12 has 4 branches of 12 stars each plus 9 stars in the middle: 4 x 12 + 9 =
48 + 9 = 57 stars.
• Hint for questions 7-10: The number of open dots doubles each time the stage number
increases by 1: stage 1 has 2 open dots, stage 2 has 4 open dots, stage 3 has 8 open dots,
stage 4 has 16 open dots, stage 5 has 32 open dots, stage 6 has 64 open dots, and so on.

• Hint for question 2: The pentagon is 2 since 2 x 2 x 2 = 8.
• Hint for question 3: If circle plus half-circle equals 9, then circle = 6 and half-circle = 3.
• Hint for question 4: 9 + 1 = 10 and 9 – 1 = 8.
• Hint for question 1: Keep subtracting 6 to go from one term to the next.
• Hint for question 2: Add 1, then add 2, then add 3, then add 4, then add 5, and so on.
• Hint for question 3: Add 4, then add 1, then add 4, then add 1, then add 4, then add 1, and
so on.
• Hint for question 4: Subtract 8, then subtract 2, then subtract 8, then subtract 2, and so on.
• Hint for question 5: Keep multiplying by 2 to go from one term to the next.
• Hint for question 6: Subtract 8, then add 3, then subtract 8, then add 3, and so on.

• Hint for questions 1-10: Before filling in the blank with the missing number, first do the
calculations that are ready to be done. For example: in question 1 first do 9 x 7 = 63 to give
the equation 27 + __ = 63, in question 2 first do 60 ÷ 4 = 15 to give the equation 48 – __ = 15.
• Hint for questions 11-18: Be prepared to use guess-and-check to explore different
possibilities, and remember to use each number only once.

• Hint for question 1a: Each cheeseburger costs $5: 3 cheeseburgers cost 3 x $5 = $15, 5
cheeseburgers cost 5 x $5 = $25, 8 cheeseburgers cost 8 x $5 = $40, and so on.
• Hint for question 1b: Since each cheeseburger costs $5 (see Hint for question 1a), 30
cheeseburgers cost 30 x $5 = $150.
• Hint for question 1c: Since each cheeseburger costs $5 (see Hint for question 1a), 12
cheeseburgers cost 12 x $5 = $60.
• Hint for question 2: Each class lasts 40 minutes.
• Hint for question 3: Each minute of walking burns 4 calories.
• Hint for question 4: The teacher has taught 22 fewer years than her age. For example, if the
teacher is 50 years old, she has taught for 50 – 22 = 28 years.

• Hint for questions 1-5: Stage 1 has 6 hearts. Stage 2 has 6 + 4 = 10 hearts. Stage 3 has 6
+ 4 + 6 = 16 hearts. Stage 4 has 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 = 20 hearts. Stage 5 has 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 =
26 hearts. Stage 6 has 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 = 30 hearts. Continue the pattern to find later
stages. For example, stage 11 has 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 = 56 hearts.
• Hint 1 for questions 6-11: Stage 1 has 1 unshaded diamond. Stage 2 has 2 x 2 = 4
unshaded diamonds. Stage 3 has 3 x 3 = 9 unshaded diamonds. Stage 4 has 4 x 4 = 16
unshaded diamonds. Stage 5 has 5 x 5 = 25 unshaded diamonds. Stage 6 has 6 x 6 = 36
unshaded diamonds. Continue the pattern to find later stages. For example, stage 10 has
10 x 10 = 100 unshaded diamonds.
• Hint 2 for questions 6-11: Stage 1 has 5 shaded diamonds, and you keep adding 3 shaded
diamonds to go from one stage to the next: stage 2 has 8 shaded diamonds, stage 3 has 11
shaded diamonds, stage 4 has 14 shaded diamonds, stage 5 has 17 shaded diamonds, and
so on. Continue the pattern to find later stages.

shaded diamonds to go from one stage to the next: stage 2 had 8 shaded diamonds,
37.stage 3 had
Equality 11 shaded
Explorer 8 diamonds, stage 4 has 14 shaded diamonds, stage 5 has 17
shaded
Pattern Explorer:• Beginning
Hint diamonds,
for question 2: Aand so is
circle on.worth
Continue
36, sothe pattern to findislater
a quarter-circle stages.
worth 36 ÷ 4 = 9. Hints
• Hint for question 3: Two squares are worth 40, so 1 square is worth 20 and a half-
37. Equality 8 (p. Explorer
45)
square (a triangle) is worth8 10.
• Hint 2: A circle is2:worth
A circle 36,isso a quarter-circle
worth 36, so 21, is worth 36 is
a quarter-circle ÷ worth
4 = 9. 36 ÷ 4 = 9.
• Hint for •question
Hint forfor question
question
3: Two 6: Three
squares aretriangles
worth areso
40, worth
1 square sois1worth
triangle20 isand
worth 7 and 7 triangles
a half-square (a
are • Hint
worth for7 question
x 7 = 49. 3: Two squares are worth 40, so 1 square is worth 20 and a half-
triangle) issquare
worth 10. (a triangle) is worth 10. are worth 12, so 1 triangle is worth 2 and 4 triangles
• Hint for •question
Hint for question Six
Three8:triangles triangles
are worth 21,
• Hint 6: question
for 6: Three triangles areso 1 triangle
worth 21, sois1worth 7 and
triangle 7 triangles
is worth 7 and 7are
triangles
worth 7arex 7 worth
= 49. 4 x 2 = 8.
are worth 7 x 7 = 49.
• Hint for question 8: Six triangles are worth 12, so 1 triangle is worth 2 and 4 triangles are
worth 438.x 2• Sequence
Hint
= 8. for question Sleuth8:8Six triangles are worth 12, so 1 triangle is worth 2 and 4 triangles
are 1worth
• Hint for all4 questions:
x 2 = 8. You can fill in some empty
38. Sequence spacesSleuth using 8 (p.the46) fact that each 2 x 2 square contains
• Hint 1 for 38.
all Sequence
questions:
the 4 shapes above Sleuth
You the 8fill inFor
cangrid. some emptyin
example, spaces
question using
2 ?
the factthe • Hint
thatbottom 1
each 2leftfor all questions:
x 22square
x 2 square containsYou can fill in
the 4ashapes
contains some empty
above the
star, a heart,
grid. For spaces
example, using thethe
in question factempty
2that
the each
bottom 2 xmust2 square
left 2 contain contains
x 2 square
and a diamond, so space the
containsoneathe 4 shapes
star, a heart,shape
remaining above the
and a–diamond, grid. For
a square. so example,
the emptyinspace question
must2 ?
contain •the theonebottom
remaining left 2 x
shape2 square
– a contains
square. a star, a heart, bottom left 2 x 2
Hint 2 for all questions: Since every row must contain square in question 2
• Hint 2 for and
all all a diamond,
questions:
4 shapes, Since
no shape so the every
can empty rowspace
appear must
twice contain
must all 4 the
in acontain
row.
shapes,Similarly,
noone shape can appear
remaining
since shape
every twice inmust
– a square.
column a row. Similarly,
contain since no shape can appear twice in a
all 4 shapes,
every column must contain all 4 shapes, no shape can appear bottom left 2 x 2
• Hint 2 for all questions: Since every row must contain
column. square in question 2
twice in a column.
all 4 shapes, no shape can appear twice in a row.
Similarly, since
Ninjaevery column must contain all 4 shapes, no shape can appear twice in a
39. Number39. NinjaNumber
column.8 (p. 47) 8
1
• Hint for •all
Hint for all questions:
questions: As you fill Asinyou thefill in theboxes,
empty emptyremember
boxes,
the need remember
for regrouping the need for regrouping
(“carrying” in addition(“carrying” in addition
and “borrowing” in 2 7
and 39. Number Ninja
“borrowing” in 8
subtraction). For example, in question 1
subtraction). For example, in question 1 adding 6 to 7 gives 13, so
• Hint6for
adding toan7allextra
questions:
gives so As you fill in the empty boxes, 1
you must include 113,in the you
tensmustcolumnincludeand an theextra
empty 1 in
box + 5 6
theremember
in the tens tens column
column theand
contains need thefor
the regrouping
empty
digit 2. box in (“carrying”
the tens column in addition 2 7
and “borrowing”
the digit 2.in subtraction). For example, in question 1
contains
adding 86 (p. to 748) gives 13, so you must include an extra 1 in 8 3
40. Function Finder + 5 6
allthe
• Hint for 40. tens column
questions:
Function The and
Finder 8 the empty
function box ininvolve
rules could the tens any column
of the four operations: addition,
subtraction, contains the
multiplication, digit or2. division. For a
• Hint for all questions: The function rules could involve any given table, search through
of theseveral 8 3 to
values
four operations:
determine which operation applies.
addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. For a given table, search through several
40. Function
• Hint for values
question to 3: When
determine Finder
you
which 8 operation
input 2, the output
applies. is 2 x 3 = 6. When you input 5, the output
is 3 x 5 = 15.• HintWhenfor allyou input 8, the
questions: Theoutput
functionis 3rules
x 8 =could
24. involve any of the four operations:
addition, When you input
4: subtraction, 25, the output
multiplication, is 25 +For
or division. 11 = 36. When
a given table,you inputthrough
search 40, the several
output is 40 + 11 = 51. When you input
values to determine which operation applies. 88, the output is 88 + 11 = 99.
• Hint for question 6: When you input 5, the output is 85 ÷ 5 = 1. When you input 15, the output
is 15 ÷ 5 = 3. When you input 40, the output is 40 ÷ 5 = 8.
• Hint for question 10: When you input 16, the output is 16 – 5 = 11. When you input 27, the
output is 27 – 5 = 22. When you input 59, the output is8 59 – 5 = 54.

Pattern Explorer: Beginning Solutions
Solutions
Solutions
1. 2. There are 10 unshaded Stage 5 has 5 rows of circles.

circles at stage 5. • Each row has 2 unshaded circles,
so there are 5 x 2 = 10 unshaded
circles.
3. There are 5 shaded • Each row has 1 shaded circle, so
stage 5 circles at stage 5. there are 5 x 1 = 5 shaded circles.
4. The number of 5. The number of
stage 6 circles: stage 7 circles:
• total: 18 • total: 21
• unshaded: 12 • unshaded: 14
• shaded: 6 • shaded: 7
stage 6
stage 7
Stage 10 has 10 rows of circles.

6. The number of
• Each row has 3 circles, so there is a total of
stage 10 circles:
10 x 3 = 30 circles.
• total: 30
• Each row has 2 unshaded circles, so there
• unshaded: 20
are 10 x 2 = 20 unshaded circles.
• shaded: 10
• Each row has 1 shaded circle, so there are
10 x 1 = 10 shaded circles.
stage 10
7. 8. Stage 4 has 10. The number of

8 unshaded stage 5 circles:
circles. • total: 21
• unshaded: 10
• shaded: 11
9. Stage 4 has
9 shaded
stage 4 circles.
stage 5
11.
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
total number of circles 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
number of unshaded circles 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
number of shaded circles 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

11. (continued)
Each time you increase the stage number by 1, you add 2 unshaded circles and 2
shaded circles (a total of 4 circles, one for each branch). So the total number of circles
keeps increasing by 4 (stage 1 has 5 circles, stage 2 has 9 circles, stage 3 has 13 circles,
and so on).
12. The number of Continue the pattern to get the number of circles at stage 12:
stage 12 circles: stage 7 8 9 10 11 12
• total: 49 total number of circles 29 33 37 41 45 49
• unshaded: 24
• shaded: 25 number of unshaded circles 14 16 18 20 22 24
number of shaded circles 15 17 19 21 23 25
1. 9 13 2. 8 11 3. 6 12
9 + 9 = 18 8 + 11 = 19 6 + 6 = 12
13 + 7 = 20 8 + 8 + 8 = 24 12 + 7 = 19
4. 5 3 5. 2 7 18 6. 15 4 10
5 + 5 + 15 = 25 7 + 10 + 7 = 24 4 + 15 + 10 = 29
3 + 3 + 5 = 11 2+7=9 15 + 4 + 15 = 34
18 + 2 = 20 15 + 13 = 28
1a. 1b. 1c. 1d.
shape 7 shape 8 shape 10 shape 14 shape 18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
2a. 2b. 2c. 2d.
shape 9 shape 10 shape 13 shape 17
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

3a. 3b. 3c. 3d.
shape 7 shape 8 shape 10 shape 12 shape 15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4a. 4b. 4c. 4d.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Some questions have more than 1 answer. You need to find only 1 answer.
1. 2. Two solutions: 3. 4. Two solutions: 5.

2 3 6 2 7 14 1 14 14 3 3 9 1 5 5 5 1 5 3 11 33
4 5 20 5 4 20 10 2 20 4 4 16 10 1 10 2 5 10 4 1 4
8 15 10 28 10 28 12 12 10 5 10 5 12 11
6. Two solutions: 7. Three solutions: 8. 9.

3 9 27 1 27 27 2 4 8 8 1 8 4 2 8 3 1 3 2 11 22
7 6 42 21 2 42 4 7 28 1 28 28 2 14 28 4 1 4 7 5 35
21 54 21 54 8 28 8 28 8 28 12 1 14 55
10. Two solutions: 11. Two solutions: 12. Two solutions: 13.
2 3 6 1 6 6 5 6 30 10 3 30 2 9 18 1 18 18 5 3 15
1 2 2 2 1 2 10 3 30 5 6 30 4 8 32 8 4 32 10 4 40
2 6 2 6 50 18 50 18 8 72 8 72 50 12
14. Two solutions: 15. Two solutions: 16. Three solutions:

3 3 9 1 9 9 5 8 40 10 4 40 10 10 100 5 20 100 20 5 100
1 9 9 3 3 9 6 2 12 3 4 12 2 2 4 4 1 4 1 4 4
3 27 3 27 30 16 30 16 20 20 20 20 20 20
3

1. The top circle is the sum of the two bottom circles. In (a): 3 + 8 = 11.
a. b. c. d. e.
11 20 92 66 54
3 8 6 14 29 63 27 39 36 18
2. The top circle is the product of the two bottom circles. In (a): 8 x 6 = 48.
a. b. c. d. e.
48 60 44 25 27
8 6 4 15 4 11 5 5 9 3
3. The top circle is the difference between the two bottom circles (the left circle
minus the right circle). In (a): 11 = 20 – 9.
a. b. c. d. e.
11 31 10 32 23
20 9 37 6 43 33 84 52 31 8
1. 2. Stage 4 has 24 circles.

Stage 4 has 6 branches, each with 4
circles, for a total of 6 x 4 = 24 circles.
3. Stage 5 has 30 circles.

stage 4 stage 5
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stage 7 has 6 branches, each with 7

number circles, for a total of 6 x 7 = 42 circles.
6 12 18 24 30 36
of circles
4

7. Stage 9 has 54 circles. 8. Stage 13 has 78

Stage 9 has 6 branches, each with 9 Stage 13 has 6 branches, each with 13
circles, for a total of 6 x 9 = 54 circles. circles, for a total of 6 x 13 = 78 circles.
A more complete table helps you understand the answers to questions 7 and 8.
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
number of circles 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78
9. 10. Stage 5 has 15 diamonds.
11. Stage 6 has 21 diamonds.

Stage 6 has 6 rows of diamonds: the bottom
row has 6 diamonds, the second row has 5
stage 5 diamonds, the third row has 4 diamonds, and
stage 6
so on: 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 21 diamonds.
12. Stage 7 has 28 diamonds.

Stage 8 has 36 diamonds.
stage number of diamonds
1 1 +2
2 3
+3
3 6
+4
4 10 stage 7 stage 8
+5
5 15 +6
6 21 Stage 7 has 7 rows of diamonds: 7 + 6 + 5 + 4
+7
7 28 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 28 diamonds.
+8
8 36 Stage 8 has 8 rows of diamonds: 8+ 7 + 6 + 5
+ 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 36 diamonds.
13. Stage 2 has 2 more diamonds

than stage 1, stage 3 has 3 more Stage 9 has 9 more diamonds than
stage 8: 36 + 9 = 45.
diamonds than stage 2, stage 4 has
Stage 10 has 10 more diamonds
4 more diamonds than stage 3, and than stage 9: 45 + 10 = 55.
so on.
• stage 9 has 45 diamonds
• stage 10 has 55 diamonds

1. 7 16 2. 13 8 3. 12 4
16 – 5 = 11 13 – 8 = 5 4 + 4 + 4 = 12
16 + 7 + 7 = 30 13 + 13 = 26 12 + 12 – 4 = 20
4. 10 6 5. 9 5 11 6. 1 20 15
10 + 10 – 6 = 14 20 – 9 = 11 20 – 15 = 5
6+6–3=9 5 + 5 + 9 = 19 15 – 1 = 14
11 – 5 = 6 1 + 1 + 8 = 10
1. ____ 11 , ____
7 , ____ 19 , ____
15 , ____ 27 , ____
23 , ____ 31 , ____
35 , _____
39 , ____ 51
47 , ____
43 , ____
1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th
5 th
6 th 7 th
8 th
9th 10 th 11 th 12th
2. ____ 92 , ____
98 , ____ 86 , ____
80 , ____
74 , ____ 62 , ____
68 , ____ 50 , ____
56 , _____ 44 , ____ 32
38 , ____
0 , ____
3. ____ 15 , ____
30 , ____
45 , ____ 75 , ____
60 , ____ 105 , _____
90 , ____ 135 , ____
120 , ____ 150 , ____
165
2 , ____
4. ____ 15 , ____ 41 , ____
28 , ____ 67 , ____
54 , ____ 93 , _____
80 , ____ 119 , ____
106 , ____ 132 , ____
145
1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th
5 th
6 th 7 th
8 th
9 th 10 th 11 th 12th
140 , ____
149 , ____
5. ____ 131 , ____ 113 , ____
122 , ____ 95 , ____
104 , ____ 86 , _____ 68 , ____
77 , ____ 50
59 , ____
6. Jamie will have 38 quarters in his piggy bank on Tuesday of next week.
14 , ____
____ 17 , ____ 23 , ____
20 , ____ 29 , ____
26 , ____ 32 , ____
35 , _____
38
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue
7. Laura will have 36 chocolate bars left to sell on Thursday of next week.
72 , ____
76 , ____
____ 64 , ____
68 , ____ 60 , ____ 52 , ____
56 , ____ 44 , ____
48 , _____ 40 , ____
36
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu
6

1. The number in the 2. The number in the 3. The number in the

middle circle is 30. middle circle is 25. middle circle is 24.
The sum of the numbers The sum of the numbers The product of the numbers
opposite each other is 30: opposite each other is 25: opposite each other is 24:
1 + 29 = 30, 18 + 12 = 30, 8 + 17 = 25, 22 + 3 = 25, 12 x 2 = 24, 3 x 8 = 24,
15 + 15 = 30, 23 + 7 = 30. 5 + 20 = 25, 1 + 24 = 25. 24 x 1 = 24, 6 x 4 = 24.
middle circle is 36. middle circle is 50. middle circle is 13.
The product of the numbers The difference of the The difference of the
opposite each other is 36: numbers opposite each numbers opposite each
4 x 9 = 36, 12 x 3 = 36, other is 50: 64 – 14 = 50, other is 13: 15 – 2 = 13,
6 x 6 = 36, 2 x 18 = 36. 88 – 38 = 50, 51 – 1 = 50, 47 – 34 = 13, 25 – 12 = 13,
71 – 21 = 50. 29 – 16 = 13.
middle
• circle is 44. middle circle is 60. middle circle is 17.
The sum of the numbers The product of the numbers The difference of the
opposite each other is 44: opposite each other is 60: numbers opposite each
12 + 32 = 44, 29 + 15 = 44, 10 x 6 = 60, 3 x 20 = 60, other is 17: 38 – 21 = 17,
21 + 23 = 44, 40 + 4 = 44. 12 x 5 = 60, 1 x 60 = 60. 19 – 2 = 17, 24 – 7 = 17,
47 – 30 = 17.
1. To get the middle number, add the 3 circled numbers. In (a): 16 + 12 + 5 = 33.
a. b. c. d. e.
16 12 9 6 10 5 27 13 16 43
33 28 17 58 99
5 13 2 18 40
2. To get the middle number, multiply the 3 circled numbers. In (a): 2 x 3 x 6 = 36.
a. 2 b. c. d. 4 e.
3 4 2 3 2 5 5 2
36 80 12 60 30
6 10 2 3 3

3. To get the middle number, add the top 2 circled numbers and then subtract the
bottom circled number. In (a): 15 + 16 – 10 = 21.
a. 15 b. c. d. e.
16 8 51 16 10 44 12 32 13
21 20 4 50 24
10 39 22 6 21
1. 2. Stage 4 has 20 triangles.
Stage 4 has 4 rows of 5 triangles
each, for a total of 4 x 5 = 20 triangles.
3. Stage 5 has 30 triangles.

Stage 5 has 5 rows of 6 triangles stage 5
stage 4
each, for a total of 5 x 6 = 30 triangles.
4. Stage 6 has 42 triangles. 5. Stage 7 has 56 triangles.

Stage 6 has 6 rows of 7 triangles Stage 7 has 7 rows of 8 triangles
each, for a total of 6 x 7 = 42 triangles. each, for a total of 7 x 8 = 56 triangles.

stage 6
Stage 10 has 10 rows of 11 triangles each,
for a total of 10 x 11 = 110 triangles.

Stage 4 has 5 rows of 4 circles each,
for a total of 5 x 4 = 20 circles.
Stage 5 has 5 rows of 5 circles each, stage 5
stage 4 for a total of 5 x 5 = 25 circles.

stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 rows of 7 circles each = 35 circles.
number 12. Stage 10 has 50 circles.
5 10 15 20 25 30
of circles
5 rows of 10 circles each = 50 circles.
8

13. Stage 8 has 40 circles. 14. Stage 15 has 75 circles.

Stage 8 has 5 rows of 8 circles each, Stage 15 has 5 rows of 15 circles each,
for a total of 5 x 8 = 40 circles. for a total of 5 x 15 = 75 circles.
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
number of circles 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
1. 10 + 13 = 16 + 7 or 13 + 10 = 16 + 7
2. 6 + 30 = 9 x 4 or 30 + 6 = 9 x 4
3. 4 + 6 = 20 ÷ 2 or 6 + 4 = 20 ÷ 2
4. 3 x 7 = 30 – 9 or 7 x 3 = 30 – 9
5. 6 – 2 = 12 ÷ 3
6. 6 + 14 + 5 = 12 + 13 (can replace 6 + 14 with 14 + 6 or 12 + 13 with 13 + 12)
7. 36 ÷ 6 = 2 + 4 or 36 ÷ 6 = 4 + 2
8. 6 + 8 + 10 = 2 x 12 (or any order of addition with 6 + 8 + 10)
9. 3 + 5 + 8 = 6 + 10 (or any order of addition with 3 + 5 + 8 and 6 + 10)
10. 7+8+9=4x6 (or any order with 7 + 8 + 9 and 4 x 6)
1. Last 3 times in sequence: 2. Last 2 times in sequence:
8:45 am 9:10 am 9:35 am 11 12 1 11 12 1

10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3
In sequence 1, the times increase by 8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5
25 minutes. In sequence 2, the times
increase by 40 minutes. 8:10 am 8:50 am
2:45 pm 4:00 pm 5:15 pm 11 12 1 11 12 1

10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3
7 6 5 7 6 5
1 hour and 15 minutes. In sequence 4, the
times increase by 1 hour and 30 minutes. 6:00 pm 7:30 pm
9

7:16 pm 7:34 pm 7:52 pm 11 12 1 11 12 1

10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3
7 6 5 7 6 5
18 minutes. In sequence 6, the times
increase by 2 hours and 10 minutes. 9:30 am 11:40 am
1. 45 2. 30 3. 42 4. 16 5. 15
5 9 3 10 6 7 2 8 3 5
14 13 13 10 8
6. 40 7. 12 8. 8 9. 75 10. 56
5 8 3 4 2 4 3 25 7 8
13 7 6 28 15
11. 36 12. 60 13. 48 14. 49 15. 63

6 6 4 15 6 8 7 7 3 21
12 19 14 14 24
16. 72 17. 81 18. 48 19. 100 20. 14

8 9 9 9 4 12 5 20 1 14
17 18 16 25 15

1. The output is 53. 2. The input is 74.
The output is 53 since 47 + 6 = 53. The input is 74 since 74 + 6 = 80.
3a. 3b. 3c. 3d. 3e. 3f.

in out in out in out in out in out in out
3 15 4 12 14 5 12 3 5 22 2 12
9 21 7 21 22 13 20 5 13 30 5 30
18 30 11 33 34 25 28 7 19 36 8 48
32 44 15 45 50 41 48 12 31 48 10 60
37 49 20 60 67 58 60 15 46 63 12 72
88 100 30 90 93 84 88 22 76 93 16 96
1

1. 2. Stage 5 has 11 toothpicks.
3. Stage 5 has 7 gumdrops.
4. Stage 6 has:
• 13 toothpicks stage 6
stage 5 • 8 gumdrops stage 7
stage 8
5. stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
number of toothpicks 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
number of gumdrops 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
When you increase the stage number by 1, the number of toothpicks goes up by 2 and
the number of gumdrops goes up by 1. Continue the pattern to find stage 12.
6. Stage 12 has: stage 8 9 10 11 12

number of toothpicks 17 19 21 23 25
• 25 toothpicks
• 14 gumdrops number of gumdrops 10 11 12 13 14
7. 8. Stage 4 has 18 triangles.
Stage 4 has 3 branches of 4 triangles

each plus 6 triangles in the middle:
3 x 4 + 6 = 12 + 6 = 18.
stage 4 Stage 5 has 3 branches of 5 triangles

each plus 6 triangles in the middle: stage 5
3 x 5 + 6 = 15 + 6 = 21.
10. stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number of triangles 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
Continue the pattern to get the number of

11. Stage 8 has 30 triangles. triangles for stages 8 and 12.
stage 7 8 9 10 11 12
12. Stage 12 has 42 triangles. number of
27 30 33 36 39 42
triangles
1

1. 20 19 14 2. 7 4 15 11
20 19 39 15 11 26 top row: 15 + 11 = 26
middle row: 15 + 7 = 22
20 14 34 15 7 22 bottom row: 4 + 4 = 8
left column: 15 + 15 + 4 = 34
40 33 right column: 11 + 7 + 4 = 22
4 4 8
top row: 20 + 19 = 39
bottom row: 20 + 14 = 34 34 22
left column: 20 + 20 = 40
right column: 19 + 14 = 33 4. 3 6 1
13 2
3. 9 10 5
12 30
13 6 13 2 34
9 10 9 28 3 6 3 3 15
30 10 5 45 1 6 1 3 11
12 10 5 27 2 6 6 2 16
51 30 19 19 24 23 10
1. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 7. starting number: 115 rule: subtract 10
2. 10, 35, 60, 85, 110 8. starting number: 25 rule: add 12
3. 80, 40, 20, 10, 5 9. starting number: 15 rule: multiply by 2
4. 99, 92, 85, 78, 71 10. starting number: 50 rule: subtract 4
5. 1, 3, 9, 27, 81 11. starting number: 64 rule: divide by 2
6. 32, 40, 48, 56, 64 12. starting number: 19 rule: add 8

rows:
1. sum = 18 2. sum = 30 3. sum = 21
9 + 2 + 7 = 18
4 + 6 + 8 = 18
9 2 7 5 + 10 + 3 = 18 7 12 11 8 9 4
columns:
4 6 8 14 10 6 3 7 11
9 + 4 + 5 = 18
2 + 6 + 10 = 18
5 10 3 7 + 8 + 3 = 18 9 8 13 10 5 6
diagonals:
9 + 6 + 3 = 18
5 + 6 + 7 = 18
4. sum = 40 5. sum = 24 6. sum = 70
19 4 14 3 10 4 4 6 30 14 14 12
5 12 10 13 3 7 9 5 10 16 26 18
6 17 1 16 8 6 2 8 21 23 5 21
10 7 15 8 3 7 9 5 9 17 25 19
1. Start with the smallest number in the top left corner and keep adding 1 as you
go around the square in a clockwise direction.
a. b. c. d. e.
60 61 25 26 73 74 48 49 67 68
63 62 28 27 76 75 51 50 70 69
a. b. c. d. e.
22 25 47 50 38 41 80 83 6 9
31 28 56 53 47 44 89 86 15 12

a. b. c. d. e.
12 19 44 51 36 43 71 78 65 72
33 26 65 58 57 50 92 85 86 79
stage 4 3. Stage 4 has 10 gumdrops.
4. Stage 5 has:
• 16 toothpicks
• 12 gumdrops stage 5
5. stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number of toothpicks 4 7 10 13 16 19 22
number of gumdrops 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
When you increase the stage number by 1, the number of toothpicks goes up by 3
and the number of gumdrops goes up by 2. Continue the pattern to find stage 9.
6. Stage 9 has: stage 7 8 9

number of toothpicks 22 25 28
• 28 toothpicks
• 20 gumdrops number of gumdrops 16 18 20
7. 8. Stage 4 has 16 stars.

Stage 4 has 4 rows, each with 4 stars,
for a total of 4 x 4 = 16 stars.
9. Stage 5 has 25 stars.
stage 4
Stage 5 has 5 rows, each with 5 stars, stage 5



stage 6 for a total of 7 x 7 = 49 stars.
stage 7
Stage 10 has 10 rows, each with 10 stars, for a total of 10 x 10 = 100 stars.
1. 4 9 2. 6 5 3. 3 7 4. 8 2
4 x 9 = 36 6–5=1 3 + 7 + 7 = 17 8÷2=4
4+4=8 6 x 5 = 30 3 x 7 = 21 8 + 2 = 10
5. 12 10 13 6. 14 11 15
12 + 12 + 6 = 30 30 ÷ 15 = 2
10 + 10 – 12 = 8 4 + 11 = 15
13 x 10 = 130 14 + 11 + 15 = 40
1. 2. 3.
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 10 11 12
11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18
16 17 18 19 20 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 23 24
21 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 32 33 34 35 36
31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 37 38 39 40 41 42
36 37 38 39 40 43 44 45 46 47 48 43 44 45 46 47 48
41 42 43 44 45 49 50 51 52 53 54 49 50 51 52 53 54
46 47 48 49 50 55 56 57 58 59 60 55 56 57 58 59 60

4. 5. 6.
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 28 29 30 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40 43 44 45 46 47 48 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 49 50 51 52 53 54 41 42 43 44 45
46 47 48 49 50 55 56 57 58 59 60 46 47 48 49 50
7. Circled numbers: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 75
8. Circled numbers: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42,
45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, 99
1. 143 2. 129 3. 107

75 68 66 63 43 64
43 32 36 38 28 35 20 23 41
20 23 9 27 25 13 15 20 12 8 15 26
4 16 7 2 25 18 7 6 9 11 7 5 3 12 14
4. 5. 408 6.
134 258
68 66 209 199 123 135
37 31 35 99 110 89 53 70 65
19 18 13 22 43 56 54 35 20 33 37 28
8 11 7 6 16 18 25 31 23 12 8 12 21 16 12
6 12 13 18 5 7 5 3 9 12 4 8

1. in 2 5 7 11 20 30
out 14 35 49 77 140 210
2a. RULE: multiply by 5 2b. RULE: multiply by 3

in 2 6 9 13 20 32 in 2 5 8 12 16 22
out 10 30 45 65 100 160 out 6 15 24 36 48 66
3a. You multiply the number of gallons by 4 to
get the number of quarts:
gallons 3 5 9 12 20 25 3 gallons equals 3 x 4 = 12 quarts,
quarts 12 20 36 48 80 100 5 gallons equals 5 x 4 = 20 quarts,
9 gallons equals 9 x 4 = 36 quarts, and on.
3b. 60 quarts From 3a, 15 gallons equals 15 x 4 = 60 quarts.
3c. 10 gallons From 3a, 10 gallons equals 10 x 4 = 40 quarts.
4a. You multiply the number of feet by 12 to get

the number of inches:
feet 2 3 5 7 10 15 2 feet equals 2 x 12 = 24 inches,
inches 24 36 60 84 120 180 3 feet equals 3 x 12 = 36 inches,
5 feet equals 5 x 12 = 60 inches, and so on.
4b. 48 inches From 4a, 4 feet equals 4 x 12 = 48 inches.
4c. 6 feet From 4a, 6 feet equals 6 x 12 = 72 inches.
You multiply the number of tickets by 6 to

5a. get the cost in dollars:
tickets 1 2 5 8 11 15 18 1 ticket costs 1 x 6 = 6 dollars,
cost ($) 6 12 30 48 66 90 108 2 tickets cost 2 x 6 = 12 dollars,
5 tickets cost 5 x 6 = 30 dollars, and so on.
5b. 54 dollars From 5a, 9 tickets cost 9 x 6 = 54 dollars.
5c. 7 tickets From 5a, 7 tickets cost 7 x 6 = 42 dollars.

3. Stage 4 has 14 gumdrops.

stage 4
4. Stage 5 has:
• 21 toothpicks
• 17 gumdrops stage 5
5. stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number of toothpicks 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
number of gumdrops 5 8 11 14 17 20 23
When you increase the stage number by 1, the number of toothpicks goes up by 4
and the number of gumdrops goes up by 3. Continue the pattern to find stage 10.
6. Stage 10 has: stage 7 8 9 10

number of toothpicks 29 33 37 41
• 41 toothpicks
• 32 gumdrops number of gumdrops 23 26 29 32

Stage 5 has 7 rows, each with 5 circles,

Stage 6 has 8 rows, each with 6 circles,
stage 5 stage 6
10. Stage 7 has 63 circles. 11. Stage 8 has 80 circles.

Stage 7 has 9 rows, each with 7 circles, Stage 8 has 10 rows, each with 8 circles,
for a total of 9 x 7 = 63 circles. for a total of 10 x 8 = 80 circles.
Stage 11 has 13 rows, each with 11 circles, for a total of 13 x 11 = 143 circles.

1. top row: 3 + 21 + 5 = 29
2.
8 13 21 3 21 5 29 middle row: 9 + 10 + 12 = 31
bottom row: 21 + 17 + 6 = 44
left column: 3 + 9 + 21 = 33
7 26 33 9 10 12 31 middle column: 21 + 10 + 17 = 48
15 39 right column: 5 + 12 + 6 = 23
21 17 6 44
top row: 8 + 13 = 21
bottom row: 7 + 26 = 33 33 48 23
left column: 8 + 7 = 15
right column: 13 + 26 = 39
3. 4.
10 7 19 11 47 13 20 16 6 55
13 16 2 4 35 3 12 15 8 38
8 5 18 25 56 14 2 9 4 29
6 9 3 15 33 7 5 23 10 45
37 37 42 55 37 39 63 28
1a. 1b. 1c. 1d.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
2a. 2b. 2c. 2d.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

3a. 3b. 3c. 3d.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
4a. E E E E F 4b. G 4c. H
12 13 14 15 16 23 31
The sequence has 1 A, then 2 Bs, then 3 Cs, then 4 Ds, then 5 Es, then 6 Fs,
then 7 Gs, then 8 Hs, and so on.
A B B C C C D D D D E E E E E F
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
F F F F F G G G G G G G H H H
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. sum = 17
sum = 9 sum = 10 sum = 11 sum = 12
1
1 1 2 4
7 5
5 6 4 6 3 5 3 2
6 9
3 4 2 5 2 3 6 1 4 5 1 6
3 8 4 2
6. 7. 8.
sum = 19 sum = 23 sum = 21
1 7 3
8 5 4 2 7 4
3 9 3 6 2 8
7 6 2 4 9 5 1 8 9 5 1 6

1. in 4 9 16 21 32 54
out 17 22 29 34 45 67
2a. RULE: add 10 2b. RULE: add 22

in 14 21 29 36 42 74 in 6 13 18 25 42 57
out 24 31 39 46 52 84 out 28 35 40 47 64 79
Amanda is 8 years older than
3a. Spencer’s age 5 11 23 35 44 66 Spencer: when Spencer is 5,
Amanda’s age 13 19 31 43 52 74 Amanda is 13, when Spencer is
11, Amanda is 19, and on.
3b. Amanda is 24. Amanda is 8 years older than Spencer: 8 + 16 = 24.
3c. Spencer is 39. Spencer is 8 years younger than Amanda: 47 – 8 = 39.
4a. cost to make cake ($) 6 9 15 22 28 36 The cake’s selling price is

$5 more than the cost to
selling price of cake ($) 11 14 20 27 33 41 make the cake.
The cake’s selling price is $5 more than the

4b. The cake’s selling price is $30. $25 cost to make the cake: $5 + $25 = $30.
The cost to make the cake is $5 less

4c. The cost to make the cake is $12. than the $17 selling price of cake:
$17 – $5 = $12.
5a. Each day Sammy does 15

Sammy’s situps 20 32 45 57 70 103
less pushups than situps.
Sammy’s pushups 5 17 30 42 55 88
Sammy does 15 less pushups than his 27 situps:

5b. Sammy does 12 pushups.
27 – 15 = 12.
Sammy does 15 more situps than his 50 pushups:
5c. Sammy does 65 situps.
50 + 15 = 65.

1. 2. Stage 4 has 25 stars.

Stage 4 has 4 branches, each with 4 stars, plus 9 stars
in the middle for a total of 4 x 4 + 9 = 16 + 9 = 25 stars.
Stage 5 has 4 branches, each with 5 stars, plus 9 stars
in the middle for a total of 4 x 5 + 9 = 20 + 9 = 29 stars.
stage 4
4. stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number of stars 13 17 21 25 29 33 37
5. Stage 8 has 41 stars. 6. Stage 12 has 57 stars.
Stage 8 has 4 branches, each with Stage 12 has 4 branches, each with
8 stars, plus 9 stars in the middle for a 12 stars, plus 9 stars in the middle for a
total of 4 x 8 + 9 = 32 + 9 = 41 stars. total of 4 x 12 + 9 = 48 + 9 = 57 stars.
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
number of stars 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57
7. 8. stage number of open dots

1 2
2 4
3 8
stage 4 4 16
9. When you increase the stage number by 1, the number of open dots doubles.
• stage 5 has 32 open dots
• stage 6 has 64 open dots
10. Stage 8 has 256 open dots.
Follow the pattern and keep doubling: stage 6 has 64 open dots, stage 7 has 128 open
dots, stage 8 has 256 open dots.

1. 3. Note:
5 13 2. 2 3 6 10
3
5 x 5 = 25 2x2x2=8 6+3=9
5
5 + 5 + 5 = 13 + 2 2 x 3 x 3 = 18 10 + 10 + 5 = 25
4. 9 1 5. 4 8 12 6. 11 15 7
9 + 1 = 10 8 x 4 = 32 11 + 11 – 7 = 15
9–1=8 8÷4=2 15 ÷ 3 = 5
4 + 12 = 16 3 + 15 – 11 = 7
1. A: 91, 85, 79, 73, 67, 61, 55, 49 2. A: 5, 6, 8, 11, 15, 20, 26, 33
B: 59, 53, 47, 41, 35, 29, 23, 17 B: 22, 23, 25, 28, 32, 37, 43, 50
C: 64, 58, 52, 46, 40, 34, 28, 22 C: 67, 68, 70, 73, 77, 82, 88, 95
D: 80, 74, 68, 62, 56, 50, 44, 38 D: 39, 40, 42, 45, 49, 54, 60, 67
Subtract 6 to go from one term to the Add 1, then add 2, then add 3, then
next. add 4, then add 5, and so on.
3. A: 11, 15, 16, 20, 21, 25, 26, 30 4. A: 70, 62, 60, 52, 50, 42, 40, 32
B: 18, 22, 23, 27, 28, 32, 33, 37 B: 85, 77, 75, 67, 65, 57, 55, 47
C: 46, 50, 51, 55, 56, 60, 61, 65 C: 94, 86, 84, 76, 74, 66, 64, 56
D: 77, 81, 82, 86, 87, 91, 92, 96 D: 89, 81, 79, 71, 69, 61, 59, 51
Add 4, then add 1, then add 4, then Subtract 8, then subtract 2, then
add 1, and so on. subtract 8, then subtract 2, and so on.
5. A: 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 6. A: 40, 32, 35, 27, 30, 22, 25, 17
B: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 B: 58, 50, 53, 45, 48, 40, 43, 35
C: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 C: 94, 86, 89, 81, 84, 76, 79, 71
D: 7, 14, 28, 56,112, 224 D: 73, 65, 68, 60, 63, 55, 58, 50
Multiply by 2 to go from one term to Subtract 8, then add 3, then subtract
the next. 8, then add 3, and so on.

1. 27 + 36 = 9 x 7 2. 48 – 33 = 60 ÷ 4 3. 83 – 38 = 3 x 15
27 + 36 = 63 48 – 33 = 15 45 = 3 x 15
4. 36 ÷ 9 = 19 – 15 5. 34 + 18 = 19 + 10 + 23 6. 21 + 17 – 26 = 48 ÷ 4
36 ÷ 9 = 4 52 = 19 + 10 + 23 38 – 26 = 12
7. 68 ÷ 17 = 32 ÷ 8 8. 8 x 9 = 12 x 6 9. 60 – 21 = 11 + 13 + 15
68 ÷ 17 = 4 72 = 12 x 6 60 – 21 = 39
10. 77 + 9 = 104 – 18 11. 2 x 4 + 8 = 16 or 12. 6 + 8 – 2 = 12 or

77 + 9 = 86 4 x 2 + 8 = 16 8 + 6 – 2 = 12
8 + 8 = 16 14 – 2 = 12
13. 4 x 8 – 2 = 30 or 14. 8 ÷ 4 + 2 = 4 15. 4 + 6 – 2 = 8 or

8 x 4 – 2 = 30 6+4–2=8
2+2=4
32 – 2 = 30 10 – 2 = 8
16. 2 x 8 + 6 = 22 or 17. 2 x 4 x 8 = 64 or 18. 2 + 4 + 8 = 14 or

8 x 2 + 6 = 22 any order of 2, 4, 8 any order of 2, 4, 8
16 + 6 = 22 8 x 8 = 64 6 + 8 = 14
1a. Each cheeseburger costs

# of cheeseburgers 3 5 8 10 14 18 20 $5. 3 cheeseburgers cost
total cost ($) 15 25 40 50 70 90 100 $15, 5 cheeseburgers
cost $25, and so on.
1b. The total cost of 30 Each cheeseburger costs $5, so the total
cheeseburgers is $150. cost of 30 cheeseburgers is 30 x $5 = $150.
1c. 12 cheeseburgers have a Each cheeseburger costs $5, so the total

total cost of $60. cost of 12 cheeseburgers is 12 x $5 = $60.

2a. start 8:00 am 9:15 am 10:20 am 1:30 pm 3:25 pm 4:40 pm 8:05 pm

end 8:40 am 9:55 am 11:00 am 2:10 pm 4:05 pm 5:20 pm 8:45 pm
Each class is 40 minutes long.
2b. The class ends at 12:25 pm. The class ends 40 minutes after the 11:45 am
start, which is 12:25 pm.
2c. The class starts at 2:30 pm. The class starts 40 minutes before the 3:10 pm
ending, which is 2:30 pm.
3a. minutes walking Each minute of walking
1 5 8 20 30 40 50 burns 4 calories: 5 minutes
calories burned 4 20 32 80 120 160 200 burns 20 calories, 8 minutes
burns 32 calories, and so on.
3b. 25 minutes of walking Each minute of walking burns 4 calories, so 25 minutes

burns 100 calories. of walking burns 25 x 4 calories = 100 calories.
3c. 12 minutes of walking are Each minute of walking burns 4 calories, so 12

needed to burn 48 calories. minutes of walking burns 12 x 4 calories = 48 calories.
4a. teacher’s age 28 35 42 50 57 62 68 The number of years

teaching is 22 years less
years teaching 6 13 20 28 35 40 46 than the teacher’s age.
4b. At the age of 45, the teacher At the age of 45, the teacher has taught
has taught 23 years. 45 – 22 = 23 years.
4c. When the teacher has taught 9 When she has taught 9 years, her age is
years, she is 31 years old. 9 + 22 = 31.
1. Stage 5 has 26 hearts. 2. Stage 6 has 30 hearts.

Stage 5 has 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 = 26 hearts. Stage 6 has 6 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 4= 30 hearts.
stage 5 stage 6

3. stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
number
6 10 16 20 26 30 36 40
of hearts
4. Stage 11 has 56 hearts. 5. Stage 14 has 70 hearts.
stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
number of hearts 6 10 16 20 26 30 36 40 46 50 56 60 66 70
6. 7. Stage 4 has 16 unshaded diamonds.
8. Stage 4 has 14 shaded diamonds.
9. Stage 5 has: • 25 unshaded diamonds

stage 4 • 17 shaded diamonds
• 42 diamonds in total stage 5
10. stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
number of unshaded diamonds 1 4 9 16 25 36 49
number of shaded diamonds 5 8 11 14 17 20 23
total number of diamonds 6 12 20 30 42 56 72

11. Stage 10 has: Continuing the patterns helps you understand the
• 100 unshaded diamonds answer to question 11.
• 32
38. shaded diamonds
Sequence Sleuth 8 stage 7 8 9 10
• 132 diamonds in total number of unshaded diamonds 49 64 81 100
number of shaded diamonds 23 26 29 32
total number of diamonds 72 90 110 132

1. 2. 9 3. 10
15 20
1 square is worth 5, so A full circle is worth 36, 2 squares are worth 40, so 1
3 squares are worth 15. so a quarter circle is square is worth 20 and half a
worth 36 ÷ 4 = 9. square (a triangle) is worth 10.
4. 5. 6.
24 49
12
The rectangle is worth A full circle is worth 16, 3 triangles are worth 21,
16, so half a rectangle so a quarter circle is so 1 triangle is worth 7.
(a triangle) is worth 8 worth 16 ÷ 4 = 4. Seven triangles are
and 3 triangles are Three-quarters of a circle worth 7 x 7 = 49.
worth 24. is worth 3 x 4 = 12.
7. 8.
20 8
A square plus a half-square (a triangle) Six triangles are worth 12, so 1

is worth 15, so the square is worth 10 triangle is worth 2. Four triangles
and the triangle is worth 5. The square are worth 4 x 2 = 8.
plus 2 triangles are worth 10 + 5 + 5 =
20.
9. 10. 3
55
Two triangles are worth 22, so 1 Four squares are worth 24, so 1
triangle is worth 11. Five triangles square is worth 6 and a half-square
are worth 5 x 11 = 55. (a triangle) is worth 3.

1. 2. 3. 4.


1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
27 43 26 62 328 243
+ 56 – 18 x 3 + 38 – 53 + 697
83 25 78 100 275 940
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
v
37 565 894 283 928 342
x 4 + 387 – 346 x 4 + 769 – 287
148 952 548 1132 1697 55
1. RULE: ADD 4 2. RULE: MULTIPLY BY 2

in 6 17 30 53 75 92 100 in 1 5 12 25 30 44 133
out 10 21 34 57 79 96 104 out 2 10 24 50 60 88 266
3. RULE: multiply by 3 4. RULE: add 11

in 2 5 8 11 20 40 100 in 25 40 88 100 143 204 270
out 6 15 24 33 60 120 300 out 36 51 99 111 154 215 281
5. RULE: subtract 7 6. RULE: divide by 5

in 30 48 67 100 149 181 207 in 5 15 40 100 250 300 500
out 23 41 60 93 142 174 200 out 1 3 8 20 50 60 100
7. RULE: add 3 8. RULE: multiply by 10

in 30 42 67 81 93 108 97 in 1 4 7 12 19 28 49
out 33 45 70 84 96 111 100 out 10 40 70 120 190 280 490
9. RULE: divide by 2 10. RULE: subtract 5

in 6 22 40 66 84 92 100 in 16 27 59 90 148 211 395
out 3 11 20 33 42 46 50 out 11 22 54 85 143 206 390

Dare to Compare Math Level 1 Sample
Dare to Compare Math Level 1 Sample

25. Who travels the longest distance? Who travels the shortest distance?
25. Who
25. travels
25. Who
Who the longest
travels
travels the distance?
the longest
longest WhoWho
distance?
distance? travels
Who the shortest
travels
travels the distance?
the shortest
shortest distance?
distance?
Tanya walks Kevin cycles Amanda runs
Tanya
Tanya walks
4 walks
feet every Kevin cycles
Kevin30
cycles
feet every
Amanda
Amanda runs
runs
9 feet every
44 feet every
feetsecond
every for 30 feet
30 feet every
every 99 feet every
feetsecond
every for
second for
second
second for
60 for
seconds. second
second for
for
7 seconds.
second
second for
25 for
seconds.
60 seconds.
60 seconds. 77 seconds.
seconds. 25
25 seconds.
seconds.
26. Joanne and Remy each build a wooden fence around their rectangular vegetable
26.
26. Joanne
Joanne and Remy each build aa wooden fence around their rectangular vegetable
26. Joanne and and
garden.Remy Remy
Whose eacheach
build
fence build
a wooden
costs wooden
more? fence
fence around
around theirtheir rectangular
rectangular vegetable
vegetable garden.
garden.
garden. Whose
Whose fence
fence costs
costs
Whose fence costs more? more?
more?
Joanne’s fence costs $7 per meter. Remy’s fence costs $5 per meter.
Joanne’s
Joanne’s fence
fence costs
costs $7
$7 per
per meter.
meter. Remy’s
Remy’s fence
fence costs
costs $5
$5 per
per meter.
meter.
15 m 20 m
15
15 m
m 20
20 m
m
10 m 10 m
10
10 m
m 10
10 m
m 14 m 14 m
14
14 m
m 14
14 m
m
15 m
15
15 m
m
20 m
20
20 m
m
27. In the list below, each person’s heart beats at a constant rate. Whose heart will have
27. In
27.the
27. In list
the
Inthe below,
list eacheach
list below,
themost below, person’s
each heartheart
person’s
person’s beats
heart at a at
beats
beats constant
at rate.rate.
aa constant
constant Whose
rate. Whose
Whoseheart will will
heart
heart have the
will have
have
beats in 1 minute? Whose heart will have the fewest beats in 1 minute?
most
the beats
the most
most in 1 in
beats
beats minute? Whose
in 11 minute?
minute? heart
Whose
Whose will will
heart
heart have
will the the
have
have fewest
the beats
fewest
fewest in 1in
beats
beats minute?
in 11 minute?
minute?
• Adam’s heart
••• Adam’s beats 25 times in 20 seconds.
Adam’s heart
Adam’s heart beats
heart beats 25
beats 25 times
25 times in
times in 20
in 20 seconds.
20 seconds.
seconds.
• Rachel’s
•• Rachel’s
Rachel’s heart heart
beatsbeats 160 times
160 times
times 120inseconds.
in 120 120 seconds.
• Rachel’s heart
heart beats
beats 160
160 times inin 120 seconds.
seconds.
• Brett’s
• Brett’s heart heart
beatsbeats 18 times
18 times in 15 in 15 seconds.
seconds.
•• Brett’s
Brett’s heart
heart beats
beats 18
18 times
times inin 15
15 seconds.
seconds.
9
99

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ii © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

About the Author

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 iii

iv © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

2. How many unshaded circles 3. How many shaded circles

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 1

1. Pattern Predictor 1 (continued)

stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4

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© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 3

3. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 7 and shape 8.

4. a. Find the pattern and draw shape 9.

4 © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

a. 33 b. 12 16 c. 11 100 d.30 9 1e. 28 13

stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 7

6. Pattern Predictor 2 (continued)

stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4 stage 5

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 9

Create a sequence of numbers to answer the word problems.

10 © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

11. Pattern Predictor 3

6. How many triangles are there at stage 10?

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 13

11. Pattern Predictor 3 (continued)

stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4

12. Equality Explorer

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 15

13. Sequence Sleuth 3

6:10 am 6:50 am 7:30 am _______ _______

1:30 pm 3:00 pm 4:30 pm _______ _______

6:22 pm 6:40 pm 6:58 pm 7:34 pm

3:00 am 5:10 am 7:20 am _______ _______

16 © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

14. Number Ninja 3

9. 75 10. 11. 36 12.

13. 48 14. 49 15. 16.

17. 81 18. 48 19. 20.

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 17

15. Function Finder

3. Use the function machine rule to complete the table.

a. RULE: add 12 b. RULE: multiply by 3 c. RULE: subtract 9

2. How many toothpicks 3. How many gumdrops

4. How many toothpicks and gumdrops are there at stage 6?

6. How many toothpicks and gumdrops are there at stage 12?

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 19

16. Pattern Predictor 4 (continued)

20 © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 21

1. starting number: 3 rule: multiply by 2 3 ____,

2. starting number: 10 rule: add 25 ____, ____, ____, ____, ____

4. starting number: 99 rule: subtract 7 ____, ____, ____, ____, ____

5. starting number: 1 rule: multiply by 3 ____, ____, ____, ____, ____

6. starting number: 32 rule: add 8 ____, ____, ____, ____, ____

7. 115, 105, 95, 85, 75, 65 115

11. 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2 starting number: ____ rule: ___________________

12. 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59 22

22 © 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

4. sum = 40 5. sum = 24 6. sum = 70

© 2018 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 23

20. Function Finder 4

6:10 am 6:50 am 7:30 am _ _

1:30 pm 3:00 pm 4:30 pm _ _

3:00 am 5:10 am 7:20 am _ _

2. starting number: 10 rule: add 25 , , , ,

4. starting number: 99 rule: subtract 7 , , , ,

5. starting number: 1 rule: multiply by 3 , , , ,

6. starting number: 32 rule: add 8 , , , ,

11. 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2 starting number: rule: _______________

9. 60 – = 11 + 13 + 15 10. 77 + = 104 – 18

9. 60 – = 11 + 13 + 15 10. 77 + = 104 – 18

13. x – = 30 14. ÷ + = 4

13. x – = 30 14. ÷ + = 4

15. + – = 8 16. x + = 22

15. + – = 8 16. x + = 22

17. x x = 64 18. + + = 14

17. x x = 64 18. + + = 14