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Torque and Drag Mini-Series Episode 4 of 8
Torque and Drag Mini-Series Episode 4 of 8
Soft-String vs Stiff-String
Stephane Menand
Internal Only 1
Intro
Source: SPE84449
Vibrations/Oscillations
SOFT
HARD
Tortuosity, Borehole Oscillations, Dog Legs
Example of a Steerable Mud Motor System along the curve (Shale Play)
How to Reproduce Actual Tortuosity in Torque & Drag?
Standard way in most Torque & Drag software: Mathematical Modeling (Sinusoidal, Random)
Inc.tortuous = Inc.planned + Inc.
Azi.tortuous = Azi.planned + Azi.
How to Reproduce Actual Tortuosity in Torque & Drag?
Step-by-step approach to determine drilled trajectory and estimate local dog legs.
BHA Modeling
+ +
=
Build Rate, Turn Rate, Deflection, Tilt, Bending Moment, Contact Forces
BHA Modeling
Turn Rate
Build/Drop
Rate
Lab Results
Gauge Length
Gauge Length
BHA Modeling
Step-by-step approach to determine drilled trajectory and estimate local dog legs.
Tortuosity Produced by the BHA model
• Soft-string Models
N T : Tension
M : Torque
W : Weight
F=N
, N : Contact Force
W : Friction Coefficient
T
M
Stiff-String Models
Borehole
rotation
LOW SIDE HIGH SIDE
gravity
Soft-string: 𝒅𝑭 𝒅𝑭𝑵
= 𝒘𝑩 cos 𝜽 ± 𝝁
𝒅𝒔 𝒅𝒔
𝟐 𝟐
Contact Force: 𝒅𝑭𝑵 𝑑𝑦 𝒅𝜽
= 𝑭 sin 𝜽 + 𝑭 + 𝒘𝑩 sin 𝜽
𝒅𝒔 𝑑𝑠 𝒅𝒔
ds = Survey spacing
Besides the scientific modeling differences between the 2 models, numerous analyses and case studies have shown that:
Soft-string model does not estimate properly Contact Side Forces on the drill string
This lack of accuracy may lead to a risk of failure, lock-up, drilling issues, casing wear and poor overall drilling
performance.
Soft-String vs Stiff-String
Soft-String vs Stiff-String
Soft-String vs Stiff-String
Up to 50 % difference
Soft-String vs Stiff-String
Up to 20 % difference
Soft-String vs Stiff-String
0 MPa
Sinusoidal/Lateral Helical
Pitch
How do we use conventional critical buckling loads?
EIsin(Inc)
Fc=
r
SPE 112571
01/31/2023 44
Compression = 22.4 klbs Buckling = Sinusoidal
Rotation = no Friction = 0.3
Wellbore = Straight Horizontal Dog legs = 0 ° / 100 ft
SPE 112571
01/31/2023 45
Tortuosity Effect on Buckling
Straight vs Tortuous Horizontal Wellbore
SPE 112571
01/31/2023 46
Compression = 22.4 klbs Buckling = multi-mode
Rotation = no Friction = 0.3
Wellbore = Tortuous Horizontal Dog legs = 4 ° / 100 ft
SPE 112571
01/31/2023 47
Compression = 40.3 klbs Buckling = Helical
Rotation = yes Friction = 0.3
Wellbore = Straight Horizontal Dog legs = 0 ° / 100 ft
SPE 112571
01/31/2023 48
Compression = 40.3 klbs Buckling = multi-mode
Rotation = yes Friction = 0.3
Wellbore = Tortuous Horizontal Dog legs = 4 ° / 100 ft
SPE 112571
01/31/2023 49
Experimental Validation in the Lab
Experimental Validation in the Lab
SPE112571
Experimental Validation in the Lab
6000
3000
2000
1000
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
25
15
10
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
CoPilot (test1)
55
Full Scale Buckling Validation
• Bending Stress level can be low in Helical Buckling (it depends mainly on the
clearance between the pipe and the hole)
• Buckling Severity Index is based on:
• 1) Bending Stress
• 2) Contact Force Calculated by
• 3) Von Mises Stress Torque & Drag Software
(stiff-string models)
• BSI applies for:
• Non-rotating Case
• Rotating Case (steady-state conditions based on Fatigue Limits)
• BSI ↗ if Bending Stress ↗
• Surpassing the
standard buckling
model does not
Advanced
Buckling necessarily mean a
Modeling
failure/lock-up will
occur
Failure post-analysis
Case Study – 4 1/2 in. Liner - Bakken
Failure post-analysis
Case Study – Slide/Rotate Pattern
↑ Tortuosity/Local Dogleg
↑ Hole Size Increased BSI
↑ Bent Housing
↑ Contact Force
↑ Bending Stress
Case Study – Floatation of Casing
Casing Floatation:
• Reduce hookload
• Reduced drag & bending stress
Case Study – Floatation of Casing
Case Study – Offshore
Hole Overgage Effect
Case Study – Rigid Centralizer Selection
How to Account for Surface and Downhole Oscillations/Agitators Tools?
TFO Variation
SOT
No overlapping between
influence zones
⟹ No coupling
AOT
SOT
Overlapping between
influence zones Possibility of further
⟹ Coupling propagation of torsional
oscillations because of
coupling
AOT
SOT
with variable Nb. Of wraps
DPs
DCs
Steerable
mud motor
AOT
AOT
used in lateral section
SPE-208708
How to Account for Surface and Downhole Oscillations/Agitators Tools?
Tension
SOT with
• 50 rpm
• 5 wraps
AOT
SOT
SPE-208708
Surface AOT Drill bit
Next Publication On Torque & Drag
List of Publications
A New Buckling Model Successfully Validated with Full Scale Buckling Tests. Stéphane Menand, Mines ParisTech; Arve Bjorset, Statoil; Ludovic Macresy, DrillScan. 2011. AADE-11-NTCE-9.
Borehole Tortuosity Effect on Maximum Horizontal Drilling Length Based on Advanced Buckling Modeling. S.Menand, DrillScan US Inc. 2013. AADE-13-FTCE-21.
PDC bit technology improvements increase efficiency, bit life. Stephane Menand, Laurent Gerbaud, Paris School of Mines, Alfazazi Dourfaye, Varel. 2005. IADC Magazine, March/April 2005: 52-54.
How the Bit Profile and Gages Affect the Well Trajectory. S. Menand, SPE, and H. Sellami, SPE, Armines/Ecole des Mines de Paris; C. Simon, DrillScan ; A. Besson, TotalFinaElf ; N. Da Silva,
Security DBS. 2002. SPE 74459.
How Bit Profile and Gauges Affect Well Trajectory. S. Menand, SPE, and H. Sellami, SPE, Armines/Ecole des Mines de Paris; C. Simon, DrillScan ; A. Besson, TotalFinaElf ; N. Da Silva, Security
DBS. 2003. SPE 82412.
PDC Bit Classification According to Steerability. S. Menand, SPE, and H. Sellami, SPE, Armines/Ecole des Mines de Paris; C. Simon, SPE, DrillScan. 2004. SPE 87837.
Effect of Formations Anisotropy on Directional Tendencies of Drilling Systems. S. Menand, SPE, and H. Sellami, SPE, Armines/Ecole des Mines de Paris; C. Simon, SPE, DrillScan. 2006. SPE 98865.
Advancements in 3D Drillstring mechanics-From the Bit to the Topdrive. S. Menand, SPE, H. Sellami, SPE, M. Tijani and O. Stab, Ecole des Mines de Paris/Armines, D. Dupuis, SPE, Pride-
International, C. Simon, DrillScan. 2006. SPE 98965.
PDC Bits All Comes From the Cutter Rock Interaction. L.Gerbaud, S.Menand, H.Sellami, Ecole des Mines de Paris. 2006. SPE 98988.
Improved BHA Sag Correction and Uncertainty Evaluation Brings Value to Wellbore Placement. Regis STUDER, Total SA, Ludovic MACRESY, DrillScan. 2006. SPE 102088.
Buckling of Tubulars in Simulated Field Conditions. S. Menand, H. Sellami, M. Tijani, J. Akowanou, C. Simon, SPE 102850, SPE Drilling & Completions, 2009
Drilling Without WOB, Dream or Reality? An Effective Field Test by Total Angola. Christophe SIMON, DrillScan, David GOYALLON, Total E&P Angola, Jean-Paul POLOCE, Total SA, Hedi SELLAMI,
Laurent GERBAUD, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Alfazazi DOURFAYE, Varel Europe. 2007. SPE 105522.
Learning Curve Benefits Resulting From the Use of a Unique BHA Directional Behaviour Drilling Performances Post-Analysis. Regis STUDER, Total SA, Christophe SIMON, DrillScan, Jean-Michel
GENEVOIS, Total E&P UK Limited, Stéphane MENAND, Ecole des Mines de Paris. 2007. SPE 110432.
How Drillstring Rotation Affects Critical Buckling Load. Menand S., Sellami H., Akowanou J., Ecole des Mines de Paris/Armines, Simon C., Macresy L., DrillScan, Isambourg P., Total SA, Dupuis D.,
Pride International. 2008. SPE 112571.
Drill Pipe Stress and Cumulative Fatigue Analysis in Complex Wells Drilling-New Approach in Fatigue Optimization. A. Sikal, DrillScan, J. Boulet, VAM Drilling, S. Menand, H. Sellami, Ecole des Mines
de Paris. 2008. SPE 116029.
Axial Force Transfer of Buckled Drill Pipe in Deviated Wells. Menand S., Sellami H., Bouguecha A., Mines ParisTech, Isambourg P., Total SA, Simon C., DrillScan. 2009. SPE 119861.
Which Material is Less Resistant to Buckling Steel, Aluminum or Titanium Drill Pipe. S.Bensmina, S.Menand, and H.Sellami, Mines ParisTech. 2011. SPE 140211.
List of Publications
A New Buckling Severity Index to Quantify Failure and Lock-up Risks in Highly Deviated Wells. Menand S., SPE, DrillScan US Inc. 2012. SPE 151279.
PDC Bit Steerability Modeling and Testing for Push-the-bit and Point-the-bit RSS. Menand S., Simon C., Gaombalet J., Macresy L., DrillScan, Gerbaud L., Ben Hamida M., Mines ParisTech, Amghar
Y., Total, Denoix H., Schlumberger, Cuiller B., Sinardet H., Varel. 2012. SPE 151283.
Safely Exceeding Buckling Loads in Long Horizontal Wells-Case Study in Shale Plays. S. Menand, SPE, DrillScan US Inc. and D.C.K. Chen, SPE, Hess Corporation. 2013. SPE 163518.
Successful Use of Mixed Aluminum-Steel Drill Pipe String In Complex Horizontal Wells - Case Study. S. Menand, DrillScan US Inc. Jeffry K. Lehner, Alcoa Oil & Gas, Nigel Evans, Aaron Palmer, Nabors,
Arthur Metcalfe, Penn Virginia. 2014. SPE 170255.
Advanced Drilling Engineering Methodology Proves Robust in Preventing Mechanical Lock-up While Deploying Sand-Control Completions Through Complex 3D Drains. R. Studer, S. Menand, DrillScan, S.
Bourgouin, Total SA. 2015. SPE 173141.
Successful Use of Aluminum Drill Pipe with Steerable Mud Motors Case Study in Shale Plays. S. Menand, DrillScan US Inc., Jeffry K. Lehner, Alcoa Oil & Gas, Nigel Evans, Aaron Palmer, Nabors,
Arthur Metcalfe, Penn Virginia. 2015. SPE 173165.
Micro Dogleg Detection with Continuous Inclination Measurements and Advanced BHA Modeling. K. A. Mills and S. Menand, DrillScan US Inc., R. Suarez, Nabors Intl. SPE-184074-MS.
Micro Dogleg Detection with Continuous Inclination Measurements and Advanced BHA Modeling. S. Menand, K.A. Mills, DrillScan US Inc., R. Suarez, Nabors Intl. 2016. SPE-183299-MS.
Systematic Field Validation of New Casing Wear Quantification Process. F. Aichinger, N. H. Dao, L. Brillaud, B. Nobbs, DrillScan; A. Delapierre, C. Pinault, X. Rossi, Total E&P. 2016. SPE-183386-MS.
Casing Wear and Stiff String Modeling Sensitivity Analysis. D. Vasseur, N. Mackenzie, Maersk Oil North Sea UK Ltd ; B. Nobbs, L. Brillaud, N. Dao, DrillScan. 2016. SPE-183388-MS.
Use of Mechanical Specific Energy Calculation in Real-Time to Better Detect Vibrations and Bit Wear While Drilling. S. Menand and K. Mills, DrillScan US Inc. 2017. AADE-17-NTCE-033.
Wellbore Trajectory Quality Management: A Key Approach to Safe Casing & Completion Strings Deployment in Complex Wells. B. Nobbs, N.H. Dao, B. Mollaret. ADIPEC 2017
Using Aluminum Drill Pipe with Axial Oscillation Tools to Significantly Improve Drilling Performance. K. Mills, S. Menand, R. Grissom, ADIPEC 2017
Fatigue Tracking for Mud Motors and MWDs in Unconventional Wells, K. Mills, S. Menand, N-H. Dao, ATCE 2018
Mitigating and Understanding Stick-Slip in Unconventional Wells, D. Ngoc-Ha, S. Menand, DrillScan, M. Isbell, Hess, SPE/IADC 2019, March, SPE 194117
Modeling the Effect of Axial Oscillation Tools in Torque and Drag Computations, M. Mahjoub, D. Ngoc-Ha, S. Menand, SPE/IADC 2019, March, SPE 194133
Simulation Validation, Calibration and Fidelity of a Dynamic DownholeDrilling Phenomenon, Mark Hutchinson, Leader Drilling International; Mohamed Mahjoub, Khac-Long Nguyen, and Stéphane
Menand,DrillScan; Venkat Putcha, OspreyData; Lesso William, Consultant, SPE-195992-MS
Dynamics Vibration Prediction and Comparison with Downhole DataMeasurements in Unconventional Wells, Mohamed Mahjoub, Khac-Long Nguyen, and Stéphane Menand, DrillScan; Quang-Thinh Tran,
Marie-AngeAndrianoely, Lionel Manin, and Régis Dufour, Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, LaMCoS; Matt Isbell, HessCorp, IADC/SPE-199571-MS
List of Publications
Foothills Drilling Performance Improvement – A New Transversal Approach, Carlos Augusto Rojas-Mendizabal, Total E&P Bolivie; Stephane Menand and Mahmoud Farrag, DrillScan; CesarVillegas,
Schlumberger; Leandro Vennier, Baker Hughes; Pierre Leclerc, Total, IADC/SPE-199574-MS
Nonlinear Dynamics of a Drillstring Immersed in a 3D Curved Well,Simulations and Experiments, Khac-Long Nguyen and Mohamed Mahjoub, DrillScan; Quang-Thinh Tran, Marie-Ange Andrianoely, Lionel
Manin,and Régis Dufour, Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, LaMCoS, France; Stéphane Menand, DrillScan, IADC/SPE-199675-MS
How Does Buckling Impact Drilling & Completion Performance in Unconventional Wells?, Menand S., Farrag M., paper AADE-19-NTCE-80, National Technical Conference and Exhibition held at the Hilton
Denver City Center, Denver, Colorado, April 9-10, 2019
“Finding the Optimum BHA through Data Analytics &Modeling”, Farrag M., Menand S., paper AADE-19-NTCE-078, National Technical Conference and Exhibition held at the Hilton Denver City Center, Denver,
Colorado, April 9-10, 2019
CAMPBELL DIAGRAM AND MASS UNBALANCE RESPONSE OF A DRILL-STRING, Tran Q.T., Nguyen K.L., Manin L., Andrianoely M.A., Dufour R. Mahjoub M. Menand S., 26TH International Congress on Sound and
Vibration, 7-11 July 2019, Montreal
Campbell Diagram Computation for a Drillstring Immersed in Curved Wells, Tran Q.T., Nguyen K.L., Manin L., Andrianoely M.A., Dufour R. Mahjoub M. Menand S., Journal of Vibration and Acoustics | Volume
141 | Issue 4, 2019
Nonlinear dynamics of directional drilling with fluid and borehole interactions, Tran Q.T., Nguyen K.L., Manin L., Andrianoely M.A., Dufour R. Mahjoub M. Menand S., Journal of Sound and Vibration 462 (2019)
114924
Nonlinear rotordynamics of a drillstring in curved wells: Models and numerical techniques, Tran Q.T., Nguyen K.L., Manin L., Andrianoely M.A., Dufour R., Baguet S., Mahjoub M. Menand S., International
Journal of Mechanical Sciences 166 (2020)
Rotary Steerable System Concept Aims To Increase Efficiency, Reduce Costs, Millet F., Simon C., Menand S., Journal of Petroleum Technology, November 2019
RSS and Motor Directional Analysis: Modelling the Effect of Local Doglegs on RIH of Completions and Casing, Benjamin Nobbs; Stephane Menand; Ngoc-Ha Dao. Paper presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil &
Gas Conference and Exhibition, Virtual, November 2020, SPE-202431-MS
Improving Surface Oscillation Tools Performance Using Time-DomainDynamics and Torque and Drag Models, Mohamed Mahjoub, Ngoc-Ha Dao, Khac-Long Nguyen, Seif Badri, Matthew Summersgill, and
Stéphane Menand, SPE/IADC-204071-MS
Casing Wear: Prediction, Monitoring, Analysis and Management in the Culzean Field, Florian Aichinger, Loic Brillaud, Ben Nobbs, and Florent Couliou, Joy Oyovwevotu, Graeme Mathieson, David Vavasseur, and
Jamie Hardie, SPE-206221-MS
Application of a Forced Vibration Modeling Approach to Better Quantify theRole of Downhole Vibrations and Excitation Tools, Khac-Long Nguyen, Mohamed Mahjoub, Ngoc-Ha Dao, and Stéphane Menand,
IADC/SPE-208698-MS
List of Publications
Combining Downhole Axial and Surface Oscillation Tools, What Are the Consequences on Tool Face Control Performance? Mohamed Mahjoub, Khac-Long Nguyen, Ngoc-Ha Dao, and Stéphane Menand
IADC/SPE-208708
Stiff String Torque And Drag: Choosing A Realistic Tortuosity Model, Nobbs B., Dao Ngoc-Ha, Plee Christophe, paper SPE-209846-MS, IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition 2022
Bangkok, Thailand
Stiff String Casing Design With 3D Orientated Casing Wear, Nobbs B. Aichinger F., paper SPE-209876-MS, IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition 2022 Bangkok, Thailand
How Motor Bend Affects Stick-Slip Vibrations: Modeling and Case Study, Watt D., Dao H., Mahjoub M., Menand S., Smith M., paper SPE 210483, 2022 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE)
Drilling Inside Fiberglass Casing, Wear Prediction and Management in Geothermal Wells, Florian Aichinger, Marie-Helene Beddelem, Guillaume Germain, Louis Hirsinger, Laurent Gerbaud, Regis Studer, SPE
209848, 2022 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE)
Couplings and nonlinearities modelling in drillstring dynamics, L. Manin, M. Mahjoub, R. Dufour, M-A. Andrianoely, Q T. Tran, K. L. Nguyen, S. Menand, ENOC 2020+2, July 17-22, 2022, Lyon, France
Questions?
Internal Only 80