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BCNF
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Multivalued dependency
• X→→Y is a multivalued dependency if there exist more then one
tuple with same value of X like t1(X) = t2(X) then there should exist
following three condition :
1. t1(X) =t2(X)=t3(X)=t4(X)
2. t1(Y)=t3(Y) and t2(Y) = t4(Y)
3. t2(Z) = t3(Z) and t1(Z) = t4(Z)
Infinity Batch

CNAME AUTHOR INSTRUCTOR

DBMS KORTH RAJ
DBMS NAVATHE RAHUL
DBMS KORTH RAHUL
DBMS NAVATHE RAJ

CNAME→→AUTHOR is MVD.
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CNAME AUTHOR INSTRUCTOR

DBMS KORTH RAJ
DBMS NAVATHE RAHUL
DBMS KORTH RAHUL
DBMS NAVATHE RAJ
OS GALVIN RAM

CNAME→→AUTHOR is MVD.
Infinity Batch

CNAME AUTHOR INSTRUCTOR

DBMS KORTH RAJ
DBMS NAVATHE RAHUL
DBMS KORTH RAHUL
DBMS NAVATHE RAJ
OS GALVIN RAM
OS SCHAUM RAVI

NOW CNAME→→AUTHOR is not MVD.

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IMP POINTS
• Functional dependency is structure generated dependency but
multivalued dependency is tuple generated dependency.
• All functional dependency is multivalued but vice versa is not true.
• If X→→Y is MVD then X→→R-Y is also MVD.
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Types of MVD
• Multivalued dependency X→→Y

Trivial ( if Y is subset of X or X U Y = R) like A→→A , AB→→A

Non Trivial (X ⋂ Y = Ø ) like A→→B, A→→BC

Semi Trivial (if Y is not subset of X and X ⋂ Y ≠ Ø ) like

AB→→BC
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Inference Rules
Reflexivity-
• If B is a subset of A, then A →→ B always holds.

Transitivity-
• If A →→ B and B →→ C, then A →→ C always holds.

Decomposition-
• If A →→ BC, then A →→ B and A →→ C always holds.

Additive/union-
• If A →→ B and A →→ C, then A →→ BC always holds.
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Augmentation-
• If A →→ B, then AC →→ BC always holds.

Composition-
• If A →→ B and C →→ D, then AC →→ BD always holds.

Pseudo Transitivity –
If A→→B and BC→→D , then AC→→D holds.
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Consider the following implications relating to functional and
multivalued dependencies given below, which may or may not be
correct.
i. If A ↠ B and A ↠ C then A → BC

ii. If A → B and A → C then A ↠ BC

iii. If A ↠ BC and A → B then A → C

iv. If A → BC and A → B then A ↠ C

Exactly how many of the above implications are valid?

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
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4NF
• A Relation with trivial MVD is in 4NF.
• If X →→ Y is non trivial then X must be Key(PK/CK/SK).
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Example : is in 4NF or not ?

CNAME AUTHOR INSTRUCTOR

DBMS KORTH RAJ
DBMS NAVATHE RAHUL
DBMS KORTH RAHUL
DBMS NAVATHE RAJ
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