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MAP READING
Q No - 1 Map Kitne prakar ke hote hain ?
Ans : - 07 Prakar ke.
Q No-2 Map ko kiske upar banaya jata hai ?
Ans: - Kagaj aur kapde par.
Q No-3 Military map ko kiske dwara banaya jata hai ?
Ans: - Survey of India dwara.
QNo- 4 Survey of India ka HQ kahan par hai ?
Ans: - Dehradun main.
QNo- 5 Manchitar ko mukhyat kitne bhagon main banta gaya hai ?
Ans:- 03.
Q No-6 Map ka sheet No kitni jagah par likha hota hai ?
Ans: - 04.
QNo- 7 Topographical map ka istemal kiske dwara kiya jata hai?
Ans:- Sena Dwara.
Q No-8 Sena main kon si scale ke map ka istemal kiya jata hai ?
Ans:- 1 Inch = 01 Miles aur 02 cm = 1 Km.
Q No-9 Map ke upar kheti wale ilake ko kon se colour se darshya jata hai ?
Ans : - Yellow colour se.
Q No-10 Map par Road ko kis colour se darshaya jata hai ?
Ans:- · Red colour se.
Q No-11 Map par sukhe nale ko kis colour se darshaya j~ta hai ?

Ans:- Black colour se.

Q No-12 Ek Mile main kitne Gaj hote hain ?

Ans:- 1760 Gaj.

Q No-13 Ek Gaj main kitne feet hote hain ?

Ans:- 03 Feet.
Q No-14 Ek Feet main kitne inch hote hain ?

Ans: - 12 Inch.

Q No-15 Sena main kon si padhati ka map istemal kiya jata hai ?

Ans:- Metric map.

 -2-
QNo ... 1 Map kise kahte hain ?

~n~ : - . Map k~gaj ya kapde ka wah tukda hai jis par zameen ki sabhi detailon ko hoob hu
k1s1 msch1t scale main chota karke darshaya jata hai use map kahte hain.

Q No - 2 Map kitne prakar ke hote hain ?

A~s : - . (i) Prakarit Map (ii) Rajnatik Map (iii) Aarthik Map (iv) Sainik Map (v) Etahasik Map
(v1) Sankhak1k Map.

Q No - 3 Map se kon kon se jankari milti hai ?

Ans : - (a) Ground par apni aur dushman ki posn ki.
(b) Ek jagah se dusri jagah se distance aur disha.
(c) Ground par bani hue aakritiyan.
(d) Aane aur jane ke raste.
(e) Do sthano ke beech ka fasla.

Q No - 4 Map par paye jane wali suchnayen kon - kon si hoti hain ?
Ans : - (a) Seershak.
(b) Year of manufacture.
(c) Jagah ke naam.
(d) Map ka sheet No.
(e) Parampragat chinah.
(f) Grid rekhayen.
(g) Survey ka year.
(h) Scale aur Scale line.
0) Grid refrence.

Q No - 5 Map set karne ka kon - kon sa tariqa hota hai ?

Ans: - (a) Ghadi ki madad se
(b) Compass ki madad se.
(c) Surya ki madad se.
(d) Kabristaan ki madad se.
(e) Jane pahchane do sthano ki madad se.

Q No - 6 Service protector kise kahte hain aur yeh kitne prakar ka hota hai ?
Ans : • Service protector Hathi ke daant ya plastic aur gatte ka bana hua ek aise yantar hai
jiske dwara hum map par degree aur distance naapte hain use service protector kahte hain.ls par
o ao
se lekar 360 tak ank khude hote hain isme bahar ki taraf 0° se 180° aur ander ki taraf 1 0 se
350° tak ank khude hote hain. Yen teen prakar ke hote hain.

(i) Aayatakaar (ii) Vritakaar (iii) Aradh Vritakaar

Q No - 7 Service protector kis kaam aata hai ?

Ans : - (a) Grid bearing.
(b) Grid refrence.
(c) Map par doori naapne ke liye.
 -3-
QNo-8 Scale kise kahte hain ?
Ans _: - Kisi do stahno ke beech ki doori aur jamin par unhi do stahno ke beech ki vastvik
doon ko naapne ke kam aata hai use scale kahte hain.

QNo-9 Grid line kise kahte hain ?

Ans : - Survey map par bhoore rang se kheenchi gaye khadi aur padi rekhayen ke bane
khane ko grid kahte hain. Grid line do prakar ki hoti hain.

(a) Easting line

(b) Northing line

Q No - 10 Easting line kise kahte hain ?

Ans : - Survey Map par kheenchi gaye bhoore rang ki wah rekhayen jinka kram sankhya
west se east ki aur badhta hai use easting line kahte hain.

Q No - 11 Northing line kise kahte hain ?

Ans : - Survey map par kheenchi gaye bhoore rang ki wah rekhayen jinka kram South se
North ki aur badhta hai use Northing line kahte hain.

Q No - 12 North kitne prakar ke hote hain ?

Ans : - North teen prakaar ke hote hain
(a) True North.
(b) Magnetic North.
(c) Grid North.

(i) True North :- Jis taraf prithivi ka uttri dhruv sthit hota hai use
true north kahte hain yeh dhruv taare ki madad se gy~t hota hai.
(ii) Magnetic North :- Compass ki madad se gyat hone wale North ko
magnetic north kahte hain compass ki arrow North disha ko darshata
hai.
(iii) Grid North :- Map ki madad se gyat hone wale North ko Grid
north kahte hain.

Q No -13 North disha ko gyat karne ki kon - kon si vidhyan hai?

Ans : - North disha ko gyat karne ki niminlikhit vidhiyan hai.
(b) Saman unchai vidhi.
(c) Ghadi vidhi.
(d) Taron Dwara.
(e) Surya ke dwara.
(f) Masjid ke dwara.
(g) Kabron ke dwara.
(h) Pedon ke dwara.
(j) Compass ke dwara.
 l

-4-
Q No - 14 Bear ing kise kaht e hain ?
Ans : - Kinh i do sara l rekh ayon jab ek bindu par milti
wale kon ko bear ing kaht e hain. yeh do prak ar hai to un rekhaon ke beech ban ne
ke hate hain.

(a) Forw ard bear ing (b) Back bearing

Q No - 15 Map ko set karn e ka tariqa likho ?

Ans : - (a) Map ko zameen par rakhen.
(b) Map ke north ko true north ki taraf milao.
(c) Map par comp ass rakhkar north disha gyat
ki jati hai.
(d) Map ke upar comp ass ko rakhen aur comp
ass ke arrow ko north ki taraf milao.
(e) Map par khee nchi gaye kale rang ki disha
ntar rekha ke sath compass ke arrow
ko milao .
(f) C9m pass ki hair line, Toun gue, Thumb ring
ko map ki kaali rekha ki sidhai main
rakh e.
(g) Sath hi in sabh i ko ek seedh main_ milayen.
(h) Map Set hoga .
 BEARING

Bearing: -

(a) North Disha aur darshak ke beech banne wale Kon ko bearing kahte hain.
(b) Jab do saral rekhayen kisi ek bindu par milti hain to uske beech ki konatmak doori
kon bearing kahte hain .
(c) lse North ki taraf badhaya jata hai.
(d) Yeh Hamesha clock wise hi padi jati hai.
(e) Bearing teen prakaar ki hoti hai..

Bearing ke prakaar :-

(a) Ture bearing

(b) Grid bearing
(c) Magnetic bearing

True Bearing :-

(i) True North aur darshak ke beech ban ne wale ken ko true bearing kahte hain.
(ii) Yeh True North, Grid North, Magnetic North ke beech ghataane se gyat hota
hai.

Grid Bearing :-

(i) Yeh Grid North disha aur darshak ke beech Ban ne wale kon ko Grid bearing
kahte hain.
(ii) lse Map par service protector ki madad se nikaala jata hai.

Magnetic Bearing:-

(i) Magnetic North disha aur darshak ke beech ban ne wale ken ko Magnetic
bearing kahte hain.
(ii) lse compass ke dwara gyat kiya jata hai.
t
Forward bearing:- Yeh darshak aur point ke beech main jo bearing banti hai use forward
bearing kahte hain.

Back Bearing:- Yeh point aur darshak ke beech main jo bearing banti hai use back bearing
kahte hain.
Forward Bearing ko back bearing main badli karne ka tariqa

(a) Fwd bearing aur back bearing main hamesha 180°, ka anter hota hai.
(b) Fwd bearing 180° ya is se kam hai to back bearing ke liye 180° joda jata hai.
(c) Yadi fwd bearing 180° se adhik hai to back bearing nikalane ke liye 180° minus
kiya jata hai.
 CORDINAL POINT
Cordinal points :- Hamari Char mukhya dishaen hain indhi mukhya dishayon ko corc:linal point
kahte hain.

East : - Yeh 90° par sthit hai

West :- Yeh disha 270° par sthit hai.
North : - Yeh disha O ya 360° par sthit hai.
South:- Yeh disha 180° par sthit hai.

North 360°

West270° East 90°

South 180°
 ■

GRID SYSTEM
GRID :- Map main bangani rang ki samantar aur lambwat rekhano ke jaal bicha hota hai
ismen kuch rekhayen North se South ki taraf aur kuch rekhayen East se West ki taraf badti hain
yeh rekhayen Map par chote - Chote vargon ka aakaar banati hain. lnhi vargon ko Grid kahte
hain lnki madad se Map par kisi sthan ko darsaya jata hai.

EASTING LINE :- Map par bhoore rang se khinchi gaye khadi rekhayen jinki sankhya West se
East ki taraf badti hain use Easting line kahte hain.
NORTHING LINE :- Map par bhoore rang se khinchi gaye padi rekhayon jinki sankhya
Soth se North ki taraf badti hai use Northing line kahte hain.
GRID REFRENCE :- Map par bani Grid ke jaal ko se bane chhote - 2 vargon ke upar
likheanko aur sankhyaon ki madad se kisi sthan ko dhundane main aasani hoti hai use Grid ref
kahte hain. Pahle Easting line ka Grid refrence aur baad main Northing line ka Grid refrence lia
jata hai.
Easting line
Northing Line /

~
•
SERVICE PROTECTOR
SERVICE PROTECTOR : -

(a) Yeh plastic athwa lakdi ka bana ek

yanter hai.
(b) lski lambai 6" aur chaudai 2" hoti hai.
(c) Is se Map par Grid bearing ko pada
jata hai.
(d) lsm e bah ar ki tara f 0°-1 80° aur and
er ki taraf 181 °- 360° tak ank khude
(e) lske beech main ek ulte arrow ka nish hote hain .
an bana hota hai jisko zero edge kah
(f) lske piche ki taraf dono kinaro par prat te hain.
ek 1" aur 0.5" ke nishan hote hain .
(g) lske kinaron per RF 1/25000, 1/50000
air 1/25000 likha hota hai.
(h) Sath hi ek scale bhi bani hoti hai.

PRAYOG :- lska prayog karte sam

ay niminlikhit baton ka dhayan rakhna
chahiye:-
(a) 0°- 180° tak ki bearing padne ke liye
Easting line ya nishan ke dayen aur
(b) 181 ° - 360° tak ki bearing padne ke rakhna chahiye.
liye ise nishan ko bayen rakha jata hai.
(c) lske clwara ek sthan se doosre sthan
ke beech line khincha jata hai.
(d) Zero edge V ko pahle sthan par rakh
kar dusra sthan ki bearing padi jati hai.

SCALE
SCALE :- Map par kinhi do sthano ke beech ki
nishit doori aur kinhi sthano ki beech
ko ground par napne ki ekai ko scal ki doori
e kahte hain.
SCALE KE PRAKAR :- Yeh teen prak
ar ki hoti hai.
(a) By statement
(b) By Representation fraction
(c) By Graphic line

(a) By Statement :- lsme shabdon dwara scale ko darshay

a jata hai. Jaise 1 cm =
1 Km
(b) By Representation Fraction :-
Is vidhi dwara scale ko hamesha bhin
jata hai. lsko nikalne ke liye ek sootar main likha
hai.
RF= Map ki doori
Ground ki doori
- lsmen bhin ka 1 hota hai.
- Is prakar yadi Map ka RF 1/63360 hai
to iska matlab Map ki ek ekai ground
63360 ekayeon ko pradarshit karti hai. ki

SCALE

(a) 1 Mile ke liye 16" RF= 1/3970

(b) 1 Mile ke liye 4" RF= 1/15840
(c) 1 Mile ke liye 2.53 " RF= 1/25000
 -2-
~
I

(d) 1 Mile ke liye 1" RF= 1/63360

(e) 1 Mile = 1760 Gaj
(f) 1 Gaj = 3'
(g) 1 Fee t= 12"
(h) 1 Mile = 1760 x3x12 = 63360"
BY GRAPHIC AL METHOD :

(a) Is vidhi se scale ko ek samvibhajit rekha dwara

darsaya jata hai.
(b) Is rekha ki lambai kuch bhi ho sakti hai.
(c) Scale ko do prakar ke sambhagon main banta jata
hai.
(d) lsme in bayen taraf chote khane banaye jate hai
aur dahine taraf bade
banaye jate hain.
(e) In khano ko O se darshaya jata hai.
(f) lsme khano ko samantar rekha se darshaya jata
hai.

TOPOGRAPHICAL FORMS
Dharatal ki prakaritik Aakritiyan jo bhin - 2 jisko
bhin -2 naam diye gaye hain. Unko
Topographical form kahte hain .

MOUNTAIN :- Zameen ki satah se Aadhik uncha ya vishal bhag

jiski unchain 1000m se
aadhik ho use parvat kahte hain. Kai parvat ke
aap paas hone par use parvat mala kahte hain
.
MOUNTAIN :- Zameen ki satah se Aadhik uncha ya vishal bhag
jiski unchain 1000m se
aadhik ho use parvat kahte hain. Kai parvat ke
aap paas hone par use parvat mala kahte hain.
HILLS :- Dharatal ki unchi aur sankuchit unchain jo 1000
m se kam hai use pahad ya paha di
kahte hain.

PLA TEA U:- Ek pahad ke upar sthit samtal bhoomi ko pathar

kahte hain.
KNOLL :- Kinhi pahadiyon se door hatkar alag ek choti paha
di jiska aakar kam unchain yak
am apekshakrat kam hate hain use knoll kahte
hain.
SPUR :- Pahadiyon ki srinkhala se baju ke saman nikli hue
ek srinkhala jo maidan ke aage
ki aur nikla hota hai use spur ya salient kahte hain
.
COL & SADDLE :- Ek pahadi ki do chotiyan ke beech main sthit nichi
bhoomi ko col
kahte hain. Jab is bhoo bhag ka tal pahad ki choti
yon se aadhik nicha nahin hota hai to ise
saddle kahte hain.

PASS/ DEFILE :- Do pahadon ke beech se nikalne wale rnarg ko.

darra ya pass kaht e hain .
DEF ILE :- Do pahadon ke beech wah tang rasta
jahan se nikalne ke liye ek - ek karke nikal na
padta hai use Defile kahte hain .
- -3-
ti
CUEF ~- El< seedlili khadi Chhatorr ko sail ya clief kahte hain ise Map par darsane wali
coflfliJur lfne pray pass - 2 hoti hain.

RIDGE = - Yeh pahadon ki srinkhala ya Paravatmala ki sikhron ko milane wali rakha hai yeh
pray aplile cfono, aur ke bhagon ko vibhajit karti hai aur pani ka bahaw iske dona aurvipre et
dishaoni maihl hota hai.
khade
GORGE :- Atyadhik tang sakari aur gahri ghatiyan jinke kinaron ke dhalan Atyadhik
t1ote lilafn use Gorge kahte hain.

DUNE :- Hawa ki madad se ban ne aur bigdane wale Rait aur Mitthi ke tillon ko dune kahte
hain yeh pray raiteele ilake main paye jate hain.

DEAD GROUND .- Kisi pahadi ke niche sidhi chhupi hue bhoomi ko Dead ground kahte
hain.

CREST :- Kisi pahad athwa parvat mala ki choti ko sikhar kahte hain.

BASIN :- Pahad se gheere ek samtal kshetra athwa nadiyon dwara sinchit kshetra ko Basin
f

kahte hain.
hai, yeh pray
WATER SHED :- Ek rekha jo pani ke bahaw ko do alag - 2 nadiyon main banti
ek nadi ke Basin ka kinara hota hai.

SLOPE

kahte hain
SLOPE :- Dharata l par do sthano ke beech prakartik utaar aur chadav ko dhalan
yeh do prakar ki hoti hain.

(a) Niymit Dhalan

(b) Aniyami t Dhalan

NIYAMIT CHALAN :- Is dhalan main utar chadaw ek saman hota hai, yeh do prakaar ke
hote hain.

(i) Ek saman Sugam Dhalan

(ii) Ek saman T eevar Dhalan

ANIYAMIT CHALAN :- Is Dhalan main Utaar Chadaw ek saman nahin hota hai, inke kraman k
hoti hain.
ke samanta nahin hoti hai inhe Aniyami t Dhalan kahte hain. yeh do prakar ki

(i) Avtal Dhalan

(ii) Uttal Dhalan
AVTAL CHALAN :- Kisi pahadi ka nichala bhag bada ho aur chhoti ki taraf wala
bhag chhota ho use Avtal dhalan kahte hain.
 -4-
I
UTTAL DHALAN ·.- .
Jab k"is,· pa had ka nichala bhag chota ho aur chhoti ki taraf ka
bh b d h
ag a a O
us~o uttal Dhalan kahte hain. Do sthano ke beech Dhalano aur chadav ko do
prakar se naapa Jata hai. 1t

(i) By Gradient
(ii) By Degree of slope

... G~DIE~T :- Kisi bhi Dhalan samoch rekhaon ke beech(Vertical Interval) aur uski
kshitiJ doon (Honzontal Equalent) ki aanwapatik Bhin ko us dhal ko gradient kahte hain isko 'G'
akshar se darshaya jata hai.

Gradient = Vertical interval

Horizontal equalent

g= VI
HE

g x HE=VI

HE=VI
g
VI= HExG

- Ek degree main 60' hate hain.

- Dhalan ko hamesha Degree main napa jata hai.

RELIEF

RELIEF :- Zameen ki satah puran roop se samtal nahin hai iske kai swaroop hate hain
jaise parvat, Chhattane , Pathar, Dhalan aadi. Dharatal ki is unchi , nichi saranchana ko relief
kahte hain.

Relief ko Map par darshane ke liye niminlikhit vidhiyon ka prayog kiya jata hai.

(a) Contour Line :- Yeh Map par bhoore rang se khinchi gaye line hain yeh pahadi
wale ilakon ko darshati hain. Ek contour se doosre contour ka gap kam hota hai to wahan chadai
adhik hoti hain.

(b) SPOT HEIGHT :- lsme spashat roop se Aankon dwara kisi bindu ki Height
samudar tal se unchai ko darshaya jata hai jaise ki (.4000M)

(c) TRIGNOMETRICAL HEIGHT :- Is ke dawara Height ke aass pass ki heighten ko

milakar .c:::,. ka chinh banakar usme us sthan ki height likhi jati hai isme aas pass ki height ko
darshaya jata hai.

(d) RELATIVE HEIGHT:~ lsme ~nchai ko Aas pass ~i height ko _ e k dus~r_i h~ight s~
barabar darsaa jata hai isko aadh1ktar RaJasthan ke elake main darsaya Jata ha1 1sk1 uncha1

ankon ke sath r ka nishan banakar likha jata hai jaise ki 50 r.

 -5-
(e) BENCH MARK:- Yeh kisi deewar par bhavishya main kaam aane ke liye lagai jati
hai yeh unchain as pass ki unchaiyon se napi gaye hoti hai yeh Height bilku sahi height hoti hai
isko 'BM' likhkar darsate hain.