The VLR reads the “Subscriber State”.

The VLR replies the PRN with an MSRN

Initial Address Message (IAM) >> MSRN >>

The VLR requests that MSC continues to setup the call.

MSC sends to VLR a "MAP/B Send Call Setup Information" message, which contains the information of
what is desired.
The MSC processes the information contained in the setup message. The most important parameter in the setup
message received from the MS is the called party number. T

Depending on whether the MSRN is stored in the HLR or first has to be obtained from the VLR,
two variants of the HLR interrogation exist.
In the first case, the interrogated HLR can supply the MSRN immediately (ROUTING
INFORMATION).
In the second case, the HLR has only received and stored the current VLR address during
location update.
Therefore, the HLR first has to request the current routing information from the VLR before the
call can be switched through to the local MSC.

Effect of the MSRN assignment on routing

There are two ways to obtain the MSRN:
• obtaining the MSRN at location update;
• obtaining the MSRN on a per call basis.

Ref: Wireless network performance handbook By Clint Smith, Curt Gervelis – Google
Books.

Call Proceeding

Progress

Conversation

Call Setup Procedure

• Call Setup Request
 Send Info for Outgoing Call (SIOC)
 Call Complete (CC): Returned back in the
response of SIOC.
The MSC analyses the called party number, creates an ISUP IAM message, and sends it to the destination switch in
order to establish the connection.

The mobile sends the setup message to establish a Voice Call. The message contains the dialed digits and other
information needed for call establishment

The mobile is informed that the call setup is in progress. At this point the mobile phone displays a message
"Connecting….." on the screen to indicate that call setup is being attempted.

• Call Proceeding
SRI
PRN
PRN_ACK
SRI_ACK

• TCH Assignment Procedure

 TMSI-Reallocation
 Call initiation
  Assignment of a traffic channel
 User alerting/ Ringing phase.
 Call accepted/ Conversation phase.
 Release phase/ release and deallocation of the channel

This results in a call progress tone being fed to the MS.

The destination exchange sends an ISUP ANM message to the MSC when the called party answers.
The MSC sends a connect message to the MS transparently.
On receiving a connect acknowledgment, the MSC initiates charging the MS for the call

Assignment_Request
Assignment_Complete

VLR will check for call barring etc. VLR will supply subs

call proceeding
TCH Assignment Procedure

Call Setup Procedure

MS sends an "RIL3-CC Setup" message giving the phone numbers (MS-ISDN) of both the calling
(itself)and called parties and the type of service desired.

MSC request VLR to supply subs parameters. Requested message contain digit dialed (DD) and
service indication (SI)
Send Info For Outgoing Call (SIOC)
VLR will check for call barring etc. VLR will supply subs data for call processing
Call Complete (CC): Returned back in the response of SIOC.
The MSC in response sends to the MS an "RIL3-CC Call Proceeding" message.

SIIC/CC

Progress

Send Routing Information (SRI)

Provide Roaming Number (PRN)
Call Setup Procedure
Call Setup Request
call proceeding
TCH Assignment Procedure
Assignment of a traffic channel on A-interface by MSC
traffic channel (TCH)

As the previously established control channel is no more required, the BSC releases the
channel by sending a channel release message.

Call Setup
 Ringing phase.
 Conversation phase.
 Release phase.

setup
call proceeding
Call proceeding
Alert/progress
Connect
Speech conversation

Speech conversation

Disconnect
REL
REL
Release complete

RLC RLC
3/3
Concluded
Release

TCH Assignment Procedure

Alerting

Phase 5: transaction phase- Call initiation

Normal Assignment for TCH

Color Mixing for Diaagram-Complementary colour

800000, FF00FF, 008000, 3366FF, FF0000, 008080, CC99FF,

33CCCC
+
00FF00
(B-Party)
A party
B party
SCP(IN)
800000 (000000)

What is additive color vs subtractive color?

Additive colors are made from adding colored light of different wavelengths. On the other hand, subtractive
colors are made by taking away the wavelengths of color.
What is the additive process of color mixing?
The three primary colors are red, green, and blue. When mixed together, these three colors will create all other
colors of the visible spectrum. The additive color process is a way of combining pigments in equal quantities
to produce all the colors of the spectrum. It is different from subtractive color theory which uses pigments in
varying quantities to make certain colors.
What is the additive color used for?
Additive colors are colors that can be created by mixing other colors, such as black and white. They are used to
create contrast in artwork and designs, as they contrast with each other.

Additive Color Mixing

primary colors
Red Green Blue

Blue + Green = Cyan

Blue + Red = Magenta

Green + Red = Yellow

Subtractive color Mixing
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow
Cyan + Magenta = Blue
Cyan + Yellow = Green
Cyan + Magenta + Yellow = Black
Magenta + Yellow = Red

3. Call from Mobile to mobile

1.MS after dialing a number and press send key uses RACH to ask for a signaling channel.
2.The BSC allocates a signaling channel, using AGCH.
3.The MS sends a call setup request through SDCCH, to the MSC/VLR. Over SDCCH, all
signaling takes place. This includes:
Marking the MS status as active in the VLR (if the MS status isnot updated earlier).
The Authentication Procedure Ciphering
Equipment Identification
Sending the called Subscriber number to the network Checking if the subscriber has service
barring of outgoing calls activated.
4. The MSC/VLR instructs the BSC to allocate an idle TCH. The BTS and MS are told to
tune to the TCH.
5. The MSISDN is analyzed in the GMSC, which identifies that this is a call to a mobile
network subscriber. A connection is established to the MSs home GMSC.
6. The GMSC analyzes the MSISDN to find out which HLR, the MS is registered in, and
queries the HLR for information about how to route the call to the serving MSC/VLR.
7.The HLR translates MSISDN into IMSI, and determines whichMSC/VLR is currently
serving the MA. The HLR also checks ifthe service, ?call forwarding to C-number? is
activated, ifso, the call is rerouted by the GMSC to that number.
8.The HLR requests an MSRN from the serving MSC/VLR. 9.The MSC/VLR returns an MSRN
via HLR to the GMSC. 10.The GMSC analyses the MSRN and routes the call to the MSC/VLR.
11.The MSC/VLR knows which LA the Ms is located in. Apaging message is sent to the BSC?s
controlling the LA.
12. When the MS detects the paging message to the BTS?s in the desired LA. The BTS?s
transmit the message over the air interface using PCH. To page the MS, the network uses an
IMSI or TMSI valid only in the current MSC/VLR service area.
13. When the MS detects the paging message, it sends a request on RACH for a SDCCH.
14. The BSC provides a SDCCH, using AGCH.
15. SDCCH is used for the call set-up procedures. Over SDCCH all signaling preceding a call
takes place.

MS-to-MS Call (Originating Half)

Channel request procedure

Channel Request (CHANN_REQ)

Channel Required (CHANN_REQD)
Channel Activate (CHANN_ACT)
Channel Activate ACK(CHANN_ACT_ACK)
Immediate Assignment (IMM_ASS_CMD)
990099
CM Serv Request
Connect Confirm
FF3399

Authentication Request (AUTRQ)

Authentication Response (AUTRES)
FF6600

SRES Comparison
0000FF
Cipher Command
Cipher Complete
28F23B
ID Request
ID Response

Check IMEI
Check IMEI ACK
Setup

SIOC
CC

Call Proceeding
SRI
PRN
PRN_ACK
SRI_ACK
Assignment_Request
Assignment_Complete
28F23B

Assignment Command
66CCFF
Released (RLSD)
Release Complete (RLC)