Similarity Report ID: oid:9832:33813502

PAPER NAME

SHREYANSH DUMAWAT SOCIOLOGY RP

.docx

WORD COUNT CHARACTER COUNT

4732 Words 25564 Characters

PAGE COUNT FILE SIZE

20 Pages 86.5KB

SUBMISSION DATE REPORT DATE

Apr 10, 2023 9:42 AM GMT+5:30 Apr 10, 2023 9:42 AM GMT+5:30

3% Overall Similarity
The combined total of all matches, including overlapping sources, for each database.
2% Internet database 1% Publications database
Crossref database Crossref Posted Content database
2% Submitted Works database

Excluded from Similarity Report

Bibliographic material Quoted material
Cited material Small Matches (Less then 8 words)

Summary
 7
SCHOOL OF LAW, NARSEE MONJEE INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT STUDIES, BENGALURU

SINGLE CRIME AND ORGANIZED CRIME

SOCIOLOGY

BATCH OF 2022-27

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

PROF. ASTHA SAXENA SHREYANSH DUMAWAT

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SAP ID 81012200135

NMIMS (SOL), BENGALURU BA.LLB 1ST YEAR

10
Contents
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. 3
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 4
RESEARCH QUESTION .......................................................................................................................... 6
STUDY OF CRIMINOLOGY AND ITS OVERVIEW ON LAW ......................................................... 8
SEVERITY OF PUNISHMENTS ............................................................................................................. 9
CHANGING IDEAS OF SINGLE AND ORGANISED CRIME AND JUSTICE ............................. 10
DEPICTION OF SINGLE CRIME AND ORGANISED CRIME IN MEDIA ................................... 12
THE ROLE OF SOCIETY ...................................................................................................................... 14
LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN INDIA ........................................................................................................ 16
MY EXPERIENCE WITH CRIME: AUTO-ETHNOGRAPHY ......................................................... 18
CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD ............................................................................................... 19
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 20
ABSTRACT
A comparison of individual criminal activity and organized criminal activity is going to be the
focus of this research work. In order to investigate the factors that lead to these two categories of
criminal activity as well as the measures that can be taken to protect against them, the research
looks at both primary and secondary sources. The findings of the research indicate that whereas
single crimes are frequently prompted by human reasons such as poverty or desperation,
organized crime is a more sophisticated and complex phenomenon that comprises well-
coordinated criminal organizations with substantial resources and networks. The findings also
indicate that single crimes are frequently motivated by individual factors such as poverty or
despair. The study emphasizes the necessity for effective measures to address both types of crime,
such as efforts made by law enforcement, social and economic policies, and community-based
interventions. These are some of the types of initiatives that are discussed in the document. The
findings of the study are summarised in a set of recommendations for further investigation into
this topic, with an emphasis on the significance of multidisciplinary methods to both
comprehending and preventing criminal behavior.

Keywords: Crime, single, organized, preventive, measures.

INTRODUCTION
A criminal offence is any act or behaviour that is against the law and is in violation of the laws
that govern a given jurisdiction. It can encompass a wide variety of actions, including, amongst
others, robbery, assault, homicide, fraud, vandalism, and destruction of property. In most cases,
criminal offences are categorised as either misdemeanours or felonies, with the former being less
serious offences that carry less severe punishments and the latter being more serious offences that
incur more severe penalties, such as imprisonment for an entire year or more. The definition and
classification of crime are subject to change based on the jurisdiction in issue and the type of legal
system that is in place.

Criminology is the study of criminal behaviour as well as the structure and operation of our legal
system from a scientific perspective. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws upon the knowledge
of a variety of different fields, including as sociology, psychology, anthropology, law, and
statistics, amongst others. Criminologists research criminal behaviour in an effort to understand
the factors that contribute to it and to devise methods that are efficient in reducing and preventing
crime. They may undertake study on different elements of criminal behavior, such as the social
and economic factors that contribute to criminal behavior, the impact that criminal behaviour has
2
on society, and the effectiveness of various interventions in the criminal justice system. The study
12
of criminal law, the criminal justice system, and the function of law enforcement agencies, courts,
and correctional facilities in the fight against crime are also included in the scope of criminology.

The term "single crime" refers to a criminal act that is conducted by a person or a small group of
individuals, whereas the term "organized crime" refers to illegal acts that are carried out by a group
or a network of individuals working together with the intention of achieving a shared goal.

Evidence of thievery, murder, and various other illegal activities have been discovered in early
human communities, indicating that the history of single crime stretches back to ancient times. As
societies became more sophisticated, the types of crimes that were committed did as well. In
response, laws were enacted to govern and punish criminal behaviour as it became more
widespread.

On the other hand, organised crime did not come into existence until the 19th century as a direct
consequence of the expansion of urbanisation and industry. A variety of illegal endeavors,
including extortion, smuggling, and gambling, were taken on by newly formed criminal
organisations like the Mafia in Italy and the Yakuza in Japan. These criminal organisations
engaged in a variety of illegal operations.

During the 20th century, organised crime spread its influence to various regions of the world,
including the United States, which saw the rise of the mafia as the preeminent criminal organisation
in many of the nation's cities. The operations of organised crime also become more complex as a
result of the adoption of various forms of technology and other tools.

Law enforcement organisations all around the world continue to face significant difficulties in
combating both individual and organised crime in the modern day. Although the nature and breadth
of criminal behaviour may have altered, the underlying causes of crime, such as poverty, social
inequality, and political instability, continue to be a source of concern even as these factors have
evolved.
RESEARCH QUESTION
Research Problem for Single Crime:

One of the most significant challenges that researchers have when studying particular crimes is the
substantial disparity that exists in the ways in which various forms of illegal behaviour are
classified and punished by the law. For instance, the punishment for crimes such as stealing or
possessing illegal drugs is frequently more severe than the punishment for other offences such as
white-collar crime or environmental crime, despite the fact that the latter offences may have more
serious repercussions for society as a whole.

This raises questions about the impartiality and effectiveness of the criminal justice system, as well
as whether or not it is actually geared to prevent criminal behaviour and deter criminal activity. It
is possible that in order to solve this research topic, it will be essential to carry out an exhaustive
study of the myriad of elements that lead to discrepancies in the treatment of various forms of
criminal behaviour. These aspects include social and economic considerations, political influence,
and public perception.

Research Problem for Organized Crime:

Organized crime continues to pose a huge threat to the safety and security of communities all over
3
the world. Criminal organisations engage in a wide variety of illegal operations, such as the
distribution of illegal drugs, the laundering of illicit funds, and the trafficking of human beings. It
is difficult to acquire trustworthy data on the size, extent, and structure of criminal networks, which
is one of the most significant challenges researchers have when attempting to study organised
crime.

This is partly attributable to the secretive nature of organised crime, in addition to the difficulties
connected with infiltrating criminal networks and gathering evidence. In order to solve this study
issue, it may be important to create innovative ways and technologies for gathering intelligence on
criminal behaviour. Additionally, it may be necessary to increase international cooperation and
coordination among law enforcement organisations. Additionally, research might also focus on
understanding the linkages between organised crime and other forms of criminal activity, such as
corruption or terrorism, and establishing effective tactics for addressing these linked concerns.
This line of inquiry could be pursued in tandem with the development of effective
countermeasures.

The function that technology plays in enabling and promoting criminal activities is another study
challenge that is related to organised crime and pertains to the topic of this article. As criminals
become more skilled in their use of technology, they are able to carry out their activities in a
2
manner that is both more efficient and effective. This makes it more difficult for law enforcement
agencies to track down criminal organisations and disrupt their operations. It may be necessary to
create new tools and methods for recognising and investigating cybercrime in order to address this
research challenge. Additionally, it may be necessary to increase the capacity of law enforcement
organisations to respond to these growing threats.

Conclusion:

In a nutshell, researchers and policymakers that are attempting to develop successful strategies for
preventing and resolving criminal behaviour face considerable obstacles when it comes to dealing
with single crimes as well as organised criminal activity. It is necessary to identify and solve the
key research difficulties connected with each form of criminal behavior, and it is also important to
invest in novel ways and technology that can help to better understand and respond to these
complex challenges. Making progress in these areas requires doing both of these things.
Researchers and practitioners can contribute to the creation of a society that is more just and safer
for all people if they collaborate across fields of study and industry sectors.
STUDY OF CRIMINOLOGY AND ITS OVERVIEW ON LAW
The branch of study known as criminology is an interdisciplinary topic that investigates the factors
that lead to criminal behaviour as well as the efficacy of the system that is designed to punish
criminals. It develops a thorough understanding of criminal behaviour and develops successful
tactics for preventing and reducing crime by drawing on knowledge from a variety of disciplines,
including sociology, psychology, law, and statistics, among others. This is done in order to achieve
its goals.

One of the most significant contributions that criminology has made to the study of law is the focus
that it places on methods to criminal justice that are supported by evidence. Criminologists are
able to determine the most effective interventions and tactics for preventing and reducing crime,
as well as for enhancing the fairness and efficiency of the criminal justice system, by performing
extensive study and analysis.

The study of criminology can also offer valuable insights into the social, economic, and political
variables that lead to criminal behaviour. Some examples of these elements are discrimination,
poverty, and inequality. When policymakers and practitioners have a greater knowledge of these
underlying determinants, they are better able to establish policies and programmes that address the
basic causes of crime, rather than simply reacting to the symptoms of crime.

In addition, the field of criminology has been an important contributor to the development of a
sophisticated and evidence-based understanding of the connection between criminal behaviour and
the consequences of that behaviour. Rather than depending primarily on punitive approaches to
criminal justice, criminologists have emphasised the necessity of restorative justice, community-
based initiatives, and rehabilitation programmes as useful alternatives to the more traditional
practise of incarceration.

In general, the study of criminology offers significant insights and points of view that can serve to
strengthen the legal system and contribute to its overall development. It is feasible to build a
criminal justice system that is more just and effective and that meets the requirements of all
members of society if one applies the concepts and results of criminology to the formation of law
and policy.
SEVERITY OF PUNISHMENTS
Within the fields of criminology and criminal justice, one of the most hotly debated topics is the
appropriate level of severity for punishments. The legal system imposes punishments in order to
accomplish the following goals: to dissuade individuals from committing crimes; to protect society
from the effects of illegal behaviour; and to give victims of crimes with justice. When discussing
punishments, the degree to which they are severe or punishing is referred to as the severity of the
penalty.

One point of view is that the gravity of the punishments meted out ought to be in direct correlation
with the gravity of the offences committed. This is due to the fact that the proportionality principle,
which states that the penalty should be appropriate to the offense, is being followed here. For
instance, the penalty for a less serious crime like shoplifting ought to be less severe than the penalty
for a more serious crime like murder.

On the other hand, one line of thought contends that a punishment system that is overly harsh can
actually be counterproductive. Research reveals that overly harsh punishments may not be
effective in discouraging criminal behavior, and may instead lead to increased rates of recidivism
and a larger load on the criminal justice system. This is because excessively harsh punishments
may lead to increased rates of recidivism and increased burdens on the criminal justice system.
The employment of sentences that are disproportionately severe can also be interpreted as being
unjust or inhumane, which can undermine public confidence in the judicial system.

As a result, it is essential to establish a balance between the seriousness of punishments and the
efficiency of such punishments in attaining the aims for which they were designed. This demands
thorough assessment of the qualities of the criminal, the nature of the crime that was done, and the
potential influence that the punishment could have not only on the offender but also on society as
a whole.

In conclusion, the harshness of punishments is an essential component of the legal system;

nonetheless, this is a complicated matter that calls for careful examination of a wide range of
issues. It may be possible to design a system of punishment that is both more effective and more
just if we embrace strategies that are supported by research and take into account the requirements
of both criminals and society.
CHANGING IDEAS OF SINGLE AND ORGANISED CRIME AND JUSTICE
The idea of individual and organised crime, as well as the concept of justice, have both developed
over the course of time alongside the evolution of societies and legal systems. Here are some of
the most important shifts in thinking that have occurred about single crimes, organised crimes, and
justice:

1. Transition from Punishment to Rehabilitation: In the past, the primary focus of criminal
justice was punishment, with little attention dedicated to rehabilitating offenders. However,
this paradigm has shifted in recent decades. On the other hand, throughout the past few
decades, there has been an increased focus on rehabilitation, particularly for criminals who
were not involved in violent crimes. It is believed that if offenders are given assistance in
overcoming the underlying issues that led to their criminal behavior, they will have a
reduced likelihood of engaging in criminal activity again and will have a greater
opportunity to become useful members of society.
2. Place More of an Emphasis on White-Collar Crime: Historically, the criminal justice
system has placed more of an emphasis on violent and property crimes like robbery and
assault. Nevertheless, in the recent years there has been a growing awareness of white-
collar crime, such as fraud and embezzlement, among other examples. It is not uncommon
for those in positions of authority and influence to be the perpetrators of this kind of crime,
which can have enormous repercussions for the community. Because of this, there has been
an increased emphasis placed on conducting investigations and bringing legal action
against white-collar criminals.

An further movement in the field of criminal justice has been a turn away from exclusively punitive
methods and towards community-based approaches to problem solving. By include criminals,
victims, and members of the community in the justice process, restorative justice programs, for
instance, work towards the goal of repairing the damage caused by criminal activity. This strategy
acknowledges that crime is not simply an individual problem but also a community one, which
calls for a solution that is focused on the community as a whole.

Recognition of the Role of Systemic Injustices In the most recent years, there has been an increase
in the recognition of the role that systemic injustices play in the perpetuation of criminal behaviour
and criminal activity. For instance, factors such as poverty, discrimination, and a lack of access to
education and healthcare can all play a role in the development of criminal behaviour. As a direct
consequence of this, there has been an increase in the amount of emphasis placed on the resolution
of these systemic difficulties as a means of advancing the cause of justice and decreasing the
incidence of criminal activity.1

In general, these shifts in beliefs about individual and organised crime as well as justice reflect a
greater realisation of the complicated nature of criminal behaviour and the necessity of adopting a
diverse strategy in order to handle it. We will be able to devise responses to criminal activity that
are both more effective and more equitable if we take into account both the underlying issues that
lead to criminal behaviour as well as the broader social variables that contribute to it.

1
1. "Organised Crime in India: An Analysis," by Sanjeev Kumar Gupta. Journal of Indian Law and Society, Vol.
2, No. 2, July-December 2011.
DEPICTION OF SINGLE CRIME AND ORGANISED CRIME IN MEDIA
Numerous movies, television shows, and books have been devoted to the exploration of both
individual and organised crime over the course of the many years that the subject has been a
popular one in the media. The following are some examples of how single criminal acts and
organised criminal groups have been portrayed in various forms of media:2

Single Crime:
9 6
a) In the movie "The Silence of the Lambs," the main character, Clarice Starling, who is an
FBI trainee, works to apprehend a serial killer known as Buffalo Bill. The film delves into
the mind of the murderer as well as the methods of inquiry that were utilised by the FBI in
their pursuit of him.
b) In each episode of the television show "Law and Order: Special Victims Unit," the
detectives investigate a separate instance of sexual assault or rape. The show frequently
investigates the anguish experienced by the victims as well as the response of the legal
system to sexual offences.
c) The true account of the terrible murder of a Kansas family by two men is recounted in the
novel "In Cold Blood" written by Truman Capote. The book is based on true events. This
book investigates the mental state of the murderers as well as the effects that the crime had
on the community.

Organized crime:

a) In the film "The Godfather," the Corleone family is shown as a strong organised criminal
syndicate that exercises control over a variety of unlawful pursuits, such as gambling and
prostitution. The movie examines the power conflicts that occur inside the family as well
as their efforts to keep control of their lives in an ever-changing world.
b) In the television series "The Sopranos," the main character Tony Soprano is the head of an
organised crime organisation with its headquarters in New Jersey. The show delves into
both Tony's personal and professional life, as well as the tangled web of relationships that
exist within the criminal organisation.

2
"Organised Crime in India: An Analysis," by Sanjeev Kumar Gupta. Journal of Indian Law and Society, Vol. 2, No. 2
July-December 2011.
 c) The rise to power of the Corleone family is represented in the book "The Godfather" written
by Mario Puzo. This includes the Corleone family's participation in illegal enterprises like
as gambling and bootlegging. Within the framework of the criminal underworld, the book
delves into topics such as fidelity, honor, and family.

In general, the examples shown here demonstrate how the media portrays individual criminal acts
as well as organised crime. Even if these depictions aren't always spot-on, they can nonetheless
shed light on the dynamics of criminal behaviour and the various ways in which society reacts to
it.
THE ROLE OF SOCIETY
The individual criminal as well as the organised criminal both have major ties to society. The
incidence and character of the following categories of crime can be influenced by society in a
number of ways, including the following:

1. variables Relating to Society and the Economy Socioeconomic variables such as poverty,
inequality, and unemployment can all play a role in the commission of individual crimes
as well as organised ones. People who are unable to satisfy their fundamental requirements
through legitimate means may resort to engaging in illegal activities as a means of eking
out a living for themselves. It is possible for organised crime to flourish in regions where
there are insufficient chances for lawful economic activity or if certain communities are
subjected to discrimination
2. Cultural Factors Cultural factors, such as the glorifying of violence or criminal behaviour
in the media or popular culture, are examples of cultural variables that can contribute to
the incidence of both single and organised crime. For instance, certain communities may
have a tendency to romanticise gang culture, which makes it more appealing to young
people who are dissatisfied with their lives or feel marginalised.
3. Lack of Social Support People who do not have adequate social support, such as those who
live alone or who have been through a traumatic experience, may be more susceptible to
2
both individual and organised crime. A person who has been the victim of domestic
violence, for instance, may believe that they are unable to leave an abusive relationship
due to emotional or financial reliance, which leaves them more open to subsequent harm.
1
4. Law Enforcement and the Criminal Justice System: The reaction of law enforcement and
the criminal justice system can also have an effect on the incidence of single and organised
crime as well as the character of the criminal activity. For instance, an approach that is too
heavy-handed or biassed on the part of law enforcement may make the underlying causes
of crime, such as poverty or marginalization, much worse. In addition, due to the intricate
nature of the crimes in question and the difficulties associated with amassing sufficient
evidence, the criminal justice system may be less efficient in its ability to prosecute
organised crime.
In general, society is a major contributor to both individual and organised forms of criminal
activity. We can work towards reducing the prevalence of both types of crime and creating a
society that is both safer and more just if we address the underlying factors that contribute to
criminal behavior, encourage social support, and put in place effective policies on law enforcement
and criminal justice.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN INDIA
4
The Indian Penal Code (IPC)3, the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC4), and the Prevention of
Organised Crime Act 5are the primary legal documents that lay out the foundation for the legal
system that governs single crimes as well as organised crime in India. (POCA).

The IPC lays out the fundamental guidelines for the investigation and prosecution of individual
offenses, including theft, assault, homicide, and fraud, amongst others. It describes the
characteristics of each crime as well as the penalties that are associated with each infraction. The
International Penal Code also includes certain procedural protections, such as the right to a fair
trial and the presumption of innocence for those who are accused of a crime.

The Criminal Procedure Code is the document that specifies the processes that must be adhered to
by law enforcement and the courts when investigating and prosecuting a single criminal offence.
In it, the procedures for the arrest, imprisonment, and interrogation of suspects, as well as the
procedures for the trial, and the procedures for the sentence of people who are accused of
committing a crime, are outlined in detail.
8
In addition to the Indian Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code, India has enacted
specialised laws in order to combat the issue of organised crime. The POCA was passed into law
in 2002, and its provisions include provisions for the prevention of organised crime, its control,
and its punishment. It covers actions such as extortion, smuggling, and trafficking as part of its
definition of organised crime, which is a persistent illegal activity carried out by an individual,
group, or syndicate, either alone or collectively.

As a result of the passage of the Organized Crime Control Act (POCA), specialised courts have
been established to hear cases involving organised crime, and law enforcement agencies have been
granted substantial new powers to investigate and prosecute instances involving such crimes. The
Act also includes provisions for the confiscation of property obtained through organised crime as
well as the forfeiture of property that was utilised in the commission of crimes of this nature.6

4
3
Indian Penal Code (IPC)
4
Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)
5
Prevention of Organised Crime Act
6
1. "Organised Crime in India: An Analysis," by Sanjeev Kumar Gupta. Journal of Indian Law and Society, Vol.
2, No. 2, July-December 2011.
 11
Other pieces of legislation, such as the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS),
5
the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act
(UAPA), also provide for the investigation and prosecution of particular forms of organised crime.
These forms of organised crime include drug trafficking, money laundering, and terrorism,
respectively.

In general, India's legal system allows for the prosecution of both individual crimes and organised
crime. Particular laws and processes have been put in place to address the particular difficulties
that are presented by organised crime. Despite this, there is a significant amount of work that needs
to be done in order to enhance the efficiency of law enforcement and guarantee that the rights of
suspects and defendants are safeguarded throughout the entire process of the criminal justice
system.
MY EXPERIENCE WITH CRIME: AUTO-ETHNOGRAPHY
I live in a high-rise building that is located in the middle of a poor neighbourhood. Our
neighbourhood can be considered somewhat upscale, as seen by the abundance of high-end brand
showrooms and jewellery shops that can be found here. When I was standing on the balcony late
at night a few days ago, I heard gunshots coming from the surrounding region, which startled me.
The following day, we found out that the owner of a jewellery shop, together with his family, had
been murdered, and jewellery with a value of 10 Crore had been stolen. The plot was carried out
by the family's servant, along with the help of his pals. Because the servant didn't talk to anyone
in the area, the members of the society were all questioned at the police station, but no one knew
very much about the person who worked for them. My own experience with this particular form
of single-offense criminal activity piqued my interest in learning more about the subject of this
research. I was curious about a few things, including why people do it, what variables contribute
to it, and whether or not there is any way to stop it.
CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD
In conclusion, devising effective measures for prevention and justice requires a comprehensive
understanding of the multifaceted character of both individual and organised crime, as well as the
part that society plays in influencing the development of both. A change towards a more holistic
understanding of crime and the factors that contribute to it is signalled by the shifting notions about
1
criminal justice and the criminal justice system, as well as the realisation of systemic inequities
and the requirement for an approach that takes into account multiple facets.

Moving forward, there are many approaches that can be used to solve the problem of individual
and organised crime. These are the following:

1. Making financial investments in social and economic programmes as a means of combating

unemployment, poverty, and inequality.
2. Fostering community-based solutions that incorporate restorative justice and the active
participation of community people in the judicial process should be a priority.
3. Taking action to address structural inequalities such as prejudice, barriers to education and
healthcare, and unequal economic prospects.
1
4. Increasing the efficiency, fairness, and objectivity of the policies governing law
enforcement and the criminal justice system is a priority for this reform effort.
5. Creating a culture of responsibility, accountability, and respect for the law, as well as
educating the public on the multifaceted nature of criminal activity and the factors that
contribute to it.

We will be able to establish a society that is not only safer but also more just if we address these
concerns, and we will also be able to lower the incidence of both individual and organised crime.
REFERENCES
1. The Indian Penal Code, 1860: https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/1705
2. The Criminal Procedure Code, 1973:
https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/1545
3. The Prevention of Organised Crime Act, 2002:
https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2076/1/A2002-15.pdf
4. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985:
https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/1468
5. The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002:
https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1994/1/A2003-15.pdf
6. The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967:
https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/1557
7. "Organized Crime in India: A Review of the Prevention of Organized Crime Act (POCA),"
by R.V. Anuradha and Sharanjeet Parmar. International Journal of Humanities and Social
Science Research, Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2014.
8. "The Indian Legal System and the Prevention of Organised Crime," by B.V. Rao.
International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2013.
9. "Organised Crime and the Indian Legal System: An Analysis of the Prevention of
Organised Crime Act," by Varsha Chitnis. South Asia Research, Vol. 27, No. 2, August
2007.
10. "Organised Crime in India: An Analysis," by Sanjeev Kumar Gupta. Journal of Indian Law
and Society, Vol. 2, No. 2, July-December 2011.
 Similarity Report ID: oid:9832:33813502

3% Overall Similarity
Top sources found in the following databases:
2% Internet database 1% Publications database
Crossref database Crossref Posted Content database
2% Submitted Works database

TOP SOURCES
The sources with the highest number of matches within the submission. Overlapping sources will not be
displayed.

Dordt University on 2022-11-07

1 <1%
Submitted works

Collica-Cox, Kimberly . "Crime & Society, 2e", 2020

2 <1%
Publication

University of California, Los Angeles on 2023-03-11

3 <1%
Submitted works

iofos.eu
4 <1%
Internet

eurasiangroup.org
5 <1%
Internet

Houston Community College on 2007-11-26

6 <1%
Submitted works

coursehero.com
7 <1%
Internet

Bennett University on 2023-04-04

8 <1%
Submitted works

Sources overview
 Similarity Report ID: oid:9832:33813502

Macomb Community College on 2011-05-02

9 <1%
Submitted works

careersdocbox.com
10 <1%
Internet

ficci.com
11 <1%
Internet

ieee.es
12 <1%
Internet

Sources overview