EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED

ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING

NINTH SEMESTER B.ARCH, RESEARCH PAPER

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture of the
Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala

Subm itted by

NAVEED HASSAN SAKARIYA

PRN NUMBER: 193241910226

February , 2024
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY, KOTTAYAM, KERALA, 686560

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 1

 CERTIFICATE

Certified that the research paper titled “EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF

ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING” submitted by Mr.
NAVEED HASSAN SAKARIYA, PRN no. 193241910226 in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the award of bachelor’s degree in
Architecture of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, is a bonafide
work carried out by him/her under my guidance and supervision.

(SIGNATURE) (SIGNATURE)
NAME OF THE FACULTY INCHARGE Dr.Babu Rajeswaran
THE PRINCIPAL

(NAME & SIGNATURE) (NAME & SIGNATURE)

EXAMINER EXAMINER

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 2

 DECLARATION

“I ‘Naveed Hassan Sakariya’, ‘PRN no. 193241910226’ hereby declare that this
submission is my own work done as part of 19 AR 09006 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(S9), M G University B.Arch. Course and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it
contains no material previously published or written by another person or material which
has been accepted or the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other
institute of higher learning, except where the acknowledgement has been made in text.”

Place:

Date:

Naveed Hassan Sakariya

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 3

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Pratheek Sudhakaran for his invaluable guidance,
insightful suggestions, and unwavering support throughout the course of this resea rch
endeavor. His expertise and encouragement have been instrumental in shaping this work.

I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to Ar. Shibili Ali for his contributions to this
research project. His creative insights and meticulous attention to detail have enriched our
exploration and understanding of the subject matter.

Furthermore, we extend our thanks to Dr. Babu Rajeswaran for his scholarly input and valuable
feedback, which have greatly enhanced the quality and depth of our research findings.

Their collective efforts have been indispensable in the realization of this study, and I am deeply
grateful for their generous assistance and collaboration.

Finally, I extend my deepest gratitude to my family and friends for their unwavering support
and encouragement throughout this endeavor.

NAVEED HASSAN SAKARIYA

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 4

 Table of Contents
CERTIFICATE........................................................................................................................................2
DECLARATION .....................................................................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................................................4
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................6

AIM ................................................................................................................................................6
OBJECTIVE.......................................................................................................................................6
SCOPE.............................................................................................................................................6
LIMITATION .....................................................................................................................................7
METHODOLOGY ...............................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................7
LITERATURE CASE STUDIES ................................................................................................................8
1. Tristan da Cunha ...................................................................................................................8
2. Prashant Ashoka – Casa Etérea (2020) San Miguel de Allende.....................................................9
1. Chapter One: The Paradox of Isolation: Benefits and Drawbacks................................................... 10
1.1. Potential benefits of residing in an isolated structure........................................................... 10
1.2. Potential drawbacks of isolation........................................................................................ 10
2. Chapter Two: Psychological Factors at Play in Spaces .................................................................. 10
2.1. Sensory deprivation being evoked due to Isolation .............................................................. 10
2.2. Spatial psychology and its role in influencing human behavior and perception within isolated
structures. ................................................................................................................................. 11
3. Connection to Nature.............................................................................................................. 12
3.1. Depression, Escape and Peace........................................................................................... 12
3.2. Biophilic architecture and its relevance to mental well-being in isolated settings..................... 13
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 14
References........................................................................................................................................ 14

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 5

 ABSTRACT
This study investigates the relationship between living in solitary housing and the psychological effects on
individuals. The positives and negatives of living in these areas are discussed, including how they might foster
feelings of isolation and disconnection as well as how they can be peaceful and conducive to introspection.
The study also looks at the potential effects of being near nature, which is a common characteristic of remote
areas, on people's mental health. The purpose of this paper is to better comprehend this expanding field of
study by elucidating the many and varied ways that isolation may impact individuals via an examination of
these many characteristics.

AIM

To understand how living in isolated buildings affects people's mental health.

OBJECTIVE
Review existing research on isolation and nature's impact on mental health.

Identify pros and cons of living in isolated structures based on the concepts above.

Look at real-life examples of people living in isolation to understand their experiences.

Gain a better understanding of the complex relationship between isolation and mental health.

SCOPE
We'll look at the mental and social aspects of living in isolation, both positive and negative. This includes
studying things like:

Feeling disconnected and alone

Lack of stimulation from sights and sounds

The benefits of being close to nature

How each person reacts differently?

We'll focus on different types of isolated buildings, but won't get into specific designs.

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 6

 LIMITATION
Mental health is complex and affected by many things, so we can't account for every individual
experience.
We rely on existing research, which may be limited to this specific topic.
Real-life experiments are challenging, so our findings might not apply to everyone.

METHODOLOGY
This research paper investigated the impact of isolated structures on mental well-being in architecture. To
achieve this objective, a multi-method approach was employed, incorporating various research methods to
gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic. A thorough case study analysis was conducted with varying
scales in size. Then a study between the paradoxes of isolation was conducted to analyze the advantages and
disadvantages of the social isolation effects. Then proceeded to study the effects of isolation and how spaces
can affect people. Then studying how isolation can be most beneficial where I reached to conclusion that it is
most beneficial by connecting to nature and bio philia.

INTRODUCTION
Isolated structures refer to buildings or constructions that are physically separated from other structures or
developments. These structures are typically distinct and independent, lacking direct physical connections to
surrounding buildings or infrastructure.

Over the past few years, there has been a noticeable trend where people are intentionally choosing to live
alone. Many reasons contribute to this tendency toward isolation, the most significant of which is the
increased recognition of the significance of mental health and general well-being. Many people see living
alone as a way to get away from the hectic pace and stress of city life, as well as a place to unwind and think.

Another major factor pushing people toward isolated living is their desire to get away from the urbanization
and congestion of city life. More and more people are drawn to the peace and quiet that comes from being
far from the bustle and clamor of big cities. Technological developments also have a significant role in this
trend, since even in the most remote places, access to the internet, online services, and communication tools
enable remote work, education, and other necessities.

Basically, the growing number of isolated living experiences reflects a profound shift in social norms, where
solitude is now seen as a healthy option for individual development and well-being. It is expected that this
trend will continue as people look for alternative lifestyles that put peace, a connection to nature, and a
sense of freedom above the usual pressures of life today.

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 7

 LITERATURE CASE STUDIES
1. Tristan da Cunha

Figure 1: Geological Map of Tristan da Cunha Island.(source: https://futurearchitectureplatform.org/projects/02280675-ab3e-45a3-bda4-

c48d7bd1ad72/)

Tristan da Cunha is the world's most remote inhabited island. The six-by-six-mile volcanic island of Tristan da
Cunha (the main island of an archipelago bearing the same name) sits in the remote waters of the South
Atlantic, roughly equidistant from South Africa and Brazil, and about 1,500 miles from its nearest neighbor,
the island of St. Helena. Lacking an airport, Tristan, part of a British Overseas Territory, can only be reached
by ship — a journey that lasts about a week.

Tristan, as it’s colloquially known, is currently home to about 250 British nationals, whose diverse ancestry —
made up of Scottish soldiers, Dutch seamen, Italian castaways and an American whaler — first arrived some
200 years ago. They live in “the world’s most isolated settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas,” reads the
island’s website, “far from the madding crowd.”

The people inhabiting the island seem to be more at peace with themselves as they are away from the hustle
and bustle of the cities and more into the roots of nature. Moreover, there seems to be zero covid cases
reported till date, ensuring that the island isolation has some pros as they can control the outgoing and
incoming traffic. (Townsend, 2021)

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 8

2. Prashant Ashoka – Casa Etérea (2020) San Miguel de Allende

Figure 2: Prashant Ashoka – Casa Etérea (2020) Photography: Prashant Ashoka

Situated on the slopes of an extinct volcano in the Los Picachos highlands near the Mexican city of San Miguel
de Allende, the building is surrounded by 10,000 hectares of nature. The design was made with local
materials to be in line with the architect’s aim of “being birthed from the mountainside itself”, using volcanic
rocks collected on-site for its foundations and walls made from bricks made locally.

While the front of the house is clad in mirrors, reflecting all that surrounds it on this side, the back is made of
glass creating a theatre-like feeling as it looks out and up the valley. Mirror cladding is a popular choice for
designers and architects who are building in off-grid and isolated spaces as a way of keeping the surrounding
nature unspoiled. (Berry, 2021)

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 9

 1. Chapter One: The Paradox of Isolation: Benefits and Drawbacks

1.1. Potential benefits of residing in an isolated structure

Inhabiting a remote building has its own distinct advantages. This calmness and loneliness can facilitate self-
awareness and reflection, which gives people the opportunity to probe deeper into their ideas as well as
sentiments. Moreover, this quietness also helps in lowering stress levels through eliminating constant sounds
and social pressures that may result in a more simplified way of living. Besides, secluded settings teeming
with nature reduce distractions hence stimulating creativity and concentration while fostering a stronger
relationship with the natural world thereby triggering documented mood elevations and cognitive
improvements too. Moreover, staying in an isolated structure often demands self-reliance so that one can
acquire skills on how to maintain the place they live as well as take care of resources thus enhancing
problem-solving abilities among individuals. Through this way, independence is built leading to
empowerment that results in personal growth. However, it is essential to note that these are potential
advantages since different people have preferences and adaptability levels which lead to varied experiences
for all. (Weir, 2020)

1.2. Potential drawbacks of isolation

Living in a remote building includes many disadvantages too; it's not just about being far away physically.
Lack of regular social interactions can lead to loneliness, and feeling cut off from them only causes existing
anxieties. Low levels of stimulation and remoteness are also linked to these environments, which makes it
difficult to access essential resources and facilities, raises safety concerns, and breeds boredom. Relationship
strain could result from how difficult it could be to maintain connections during this time of seclusion.
Ultimately, most people may find the adjustment process difficult, and some may even experience anxiety or
depression as a result. (Weir, 2020)

2. Chapter Two: Psychological Factors at Play in Spaces

2.1. Sensory deprivation being evoked due to Isolation

Although isolated buildings have the appeal of peace and quiet and a way to get away from the bustle of the
city, they also bring special difficulties because of sensory deprivation. This is a decrease in or a total lack of
sensory stimulation, including touch, taste, smell, sight, and sound. Although total deprivation is uncommon,
people who live in remote locations frequently receive far less sensory information than people who live in
crowded regions. Given the potential for a variety of psychological and cognitive repercussions, it is critical to
comprehend this phenomenon in relation to living alone.

Cognitively speaking, people may feel less awake, have trouble focusing, and have a warped sense of time.
Long-term deprivation can even cause hallucinations in severe situations.

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 10

Lack of stimulation can emotionally lead to boredom, annoyance, and anxiety, which can cause mood swings
and, in severe situations, even melancholy.

Perceptually, the remaining senses may become hypersensitive, which can cause exaggerated reactions to
small stimuli and, in severe situations, warped reality perceptions.

For those who choose to live alone, understanding the possible repercussions is essential, even though the
intensity of these impacts varies. This knowledge enables people to put plans in place to lessen these
difficulties and guarantee a successful and secure time in their preferred solitude. (Myers, 1996)

2.2. Spatial psychology and its role in influencing human behavior

and perception within isolated structures.
Spatial psychology, exploring the link between environment and behavior, plays a crucial role in isolated
structures. These environments present challenges like reduced sensory stimulation and confined spaces,
potentially leading to boredom, decreased alertness, and claustrophobia.

However, spatial psychology offers solutions: maximizing natural light improves mood and cognition, while
promoting social connection through shared spaces combats loneliness. Further, introducing diverse textures
and materials enhances sensory stimulation, and fostering personalization through movable furniture and
decor empowers individuals to shape their space, promoting well-being.

Recognizing individual differences is key. Tailoring spatial solutions to individual needs ensures isolated
environments support, not hinder, mental well-being and thriving. (Dayananda, 2014)

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 11

 3. Connection to Nature
3.1. Depression, Escape and Peace.
We often confuse the idea of isolation with separation and loneliness.

Here are three picture to tell a story of depression, escape and peace.

Depression: Shows a person with the feeling of being

trapped in a city. The person has two options. One is
to continue downward into this spiraling depression
(represented by the hole in the ground) or the
second choice which is to allow hope to heal the soul
(represented by the gold sphere in the sky) The hope
is not in the city, and thus the person needs to seek
it elsewhere.

Figure 3 Depression ( source: Author)

Escape: Is about the actual act of

perusing this hope by any means
necessary. In this case it is leaving
the city in search of this hope.

Figure 4: Escape (source: Author)

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 12

 Peace: Is the final act where this
person is fully engulfed in the hope
they have been searching for. The city
is still a part of this person, but it is in
the back of their mind, secondary to
the total experience of solidarity

Figure 5: Peace (source: Author)

3.2. Biophilic architecture and its relevance to mental well-being

in isolated settings.

Biophilic architecture, centered on integrating natural elements into built spaces, plays a vital role in
enhancing mental well-being in isolated settings like offices or hospitals. In these environments, the absence
of a direct connection to nature underscores the importance of incorporating biophilic principles.

Natural features such as plants, water elements, and ample natural light have a profound impact on stress
reduction and emotional well-being. Beyond aesthetics, biophilic architecture positively influences cognitive
function, fostering improved concentration, creativity, and overall mental performance. This is particularly
significant in isolated work environments, where biophilic elements contribute to a more engaging and
conducive atmosphere for sustained focus.

Crucially, biophilic design addresses the human need for connection. By creating shared spaces that
encourage social interaction, even in isolated settings, biophilic architecture fosters a sense of community.
This connection is pivotal for mental well-being, countering the potential negative effects of isolation.
(Zhong, 2021)

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 13

 CONCLUSION
This research has explored the complex relationship between isolated structures and their impact on mental
well-being. While isolation offers potential benefits like solitude and focused work, it can also lead to
negative consequences, including feelings of loneliness, reduced cognitive function, and social isolation.

The findings highlight the crucial role of architecture in mitigating the negative impacts of isolation and
fostering positive mental well-being. By incorporating principles like maximizing natural light, promoting
social connection through design, and integrating biophilic elements, architects can create isolated structures
that support, rather than hinder, mental health.

However, it's important to remember that one size does not fit all. Individual differences in personality,
coping mechanisms, and social needs play a significant role in how individuals respond to isolation.
Therefore, architects and designers must strive to understand the specific needs and preferences of users
and create flexible and adaptable spaces that cater to diverse experiences and preferences.

Looking forward, further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of isolated living, particularly in
the context of increasingly urban environments. Additionally, integrating advanced technologies that
facilitate social interaction and connection to nature within isolated structures holds great potential for
future exploration and development.

References
Berry, C. (2021, April 23). Isolated spaces. Retrieved from uxdesign.cc: https://uxdesign.cc/isolated-spaces-
85c0773c5740

Dayananda, N. (2014). Spatial psychology in dwellings: a study on dimensions and colour. Kent: University of
Kent.

Myers, T. I. (1996). Experimental Studies of Sensory Deprivation and Social Isolation. California: Office, Chief
of Research and Development of the Army.

Townsend, S. (2021, January 20). Marine Management Organisation. Retrieved from Marine developments.

Weir, K. (2020, April 1). Nurtured by nature. Retrieved from American Psychological Association:
https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/04/nurtured-nature

Zhong, W. (2021). Biophilic design in architecture and its contributions to health, well-being, and
sustainability: A critical review. Eindhoven: Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven.

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 14

Figure 1: Geological Map of Tristan da Cunha Island.(source:
https://futurearchitectureplatform.org/projects/02280675-ab3e-45a3-bda4-c48d7bd1ad72/) .....................8
Figure 2: Prashant Ashoka – Casa Etérea (2020) Photography: Prashant Ashoka ..........................................9
Figure 3 Depression ( source: Author)................................................................................................... 12
Figure 4: Escape (source: Author)......................................................................................................... 12
Figure 5: Peace (source: Author) .......................................................................................................... 13

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ISOLATED ARCHITECTURE ON MENTAL WELL BEING 15