bZ'k% Do vfLr

fVIi.kh
15

bZ'k% Do vfLr

izLrqr ikB dohUnz johUnz ukFk VSxksj dh fo'ofo[;kr Ñfr xhrk×tfy ds laLÑr
vuqokn ls lax`ghr gSA ^xhrk×tfy* izFke ,slh Ñfr gS ftls ;wjksi ds ckgj ls ukscsy
iqjLdkj ls iqjLÑr fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds iks"kd xzaFkksa esa bZ'oj ds fo"k; esa
cgqfo/ foospuk dh xbZ gSA ;gka ,d mfDr izfl¼ gSA ^,da ln~ foizk% cgq/k onfUr*
,d gh lR; dks fo}ku yksx vusd izdkj ls dgrs gSaA dfooj johUnzukFk VSxksj us Hkh
xhrk×tfy esa bZ'oj ds vfLrRo dk o.kZu cgqr lqanj <ax ls fd;k gSA dfo us bZ'oj dh
okLrfod lÙkk dks fdlkuksa] etnwjksa ,oa xjhc ifjJeh O;fDr;ksa esa n'kkZ;k gSA bZ'oj
izkfIr dk lqxe mik; crkrs gq, dfo dgrk gS fd bZ'oj nsoky;ksa] eafnjksa esa fo|eku
ugha gS] vkSj u gh og HkkSfrd foykflrk esa gS] vfirq bZ'oj rks iRFkj ds VqdM+ksa dks
rksM+rs&[kksnrs etnwj o /wfy&/wlfjr fdlku rFkk ilhus ls ugk, gq, ifjJeh O;fDr ds
:i esa fo|eku gSA

mn~ns';kfu
bea ikBa ifBRok Hkoku~@Hkorh
 'yksdkuka 'kq¼&ys[kua dfj";fr_
 'yksdkuka lLoja ikBa dfj";fr_
 'yksdkuke~ vFkZa KkL;fr_
 'yksdlUns'kku~ LookD;s"kq ysf[k";fr_
 lfU/;qDrinkuka lfU/PNsna dfj";fr_
 vO;;&inkuka okD;s iz;ksxa dfj";fr_
 fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";kfUofra drZaq leFkZ% Hkfo";frA

laLÑre~ 55
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

fØ;kdyki% 15-1
fVIi.kh ikBkjEHks o;e~ bea 'yksda xkrqa 'kDuqe%
c¼k×tfyiqVk Hk`R;k foÙks'kku~ leqiklrsA
rsH;Lrq rs egh;kal% dqoZrs ;s JekpZue~AA
mi;qZDra 'yksda ifBRok v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkja fy[krA
(i) c¼k×tfyiqVk Hk`R;k% dku~ leqiklrs\
(ii) c¼k×tfyiqVsH;% Hk`R;sH;% egh;kal% ds HkofUr\

15-1 bnkuha ewyikBa iBke%

izFke% ,dka'k%
'kCnkFkkZ% nsokxkjs fifgr}kjs rekso`rs¿fLeu~ Hktls de~\
nsokxkjs ¾ nsoefUnj esa] fifgr}kjs ¾
cUn njokts esa] rekso`rs ¾ vU/dkj ls R;t tiekyka R;t ro xkua ukLR;=ks'k% LiqQV; n`'ke~AA1AA
vkPNkfnr] tiekyke~ ¾ eU=kkfn ds tius
dh ekyk dks] ukLR;=ks'k% ¾ (u$vfLr$ r=kkLrh'k%] dfBuka Hkwfea ;=k fg d"kZfr ykÄõfyd%A
v=k$bZ'k%) ;gk¡ bZ'oj ugha gS] LiqQV; ¾
[kksyks] n`'ke~ ¾ n`f"V (vk¡[kksa) dks] ;=k p tuinjF;kdrkZ izLrj[k.Mku~ nkj;rsAA2AA
r=kkLrh'k% ¾ (r=k$vfLr$bZ'k%]) ¾ bZ'oj
ogk¡ gS] d"kZfr ¾ gy pykrk gS] bZ'kfLr"Bfr o"kkZri;ksLrkH;ka lk/Za efyuoiq%A
ykÄõfyd% ¾ gyokgk] tuinjF;kdÙkkZ
¾ tuin dh lM+d cukus okyk] nwjs f{ki ro 'kq¼ka 'kkVhesfg l bo ikalqjHkwfee~ AA3AA
izLrj[k.Mku~ ¾ iRFkjksa ds VqdM+ksa dks]
nkj;rs ¾ rksM+rk gS] o"kkZri;ks% ¾ o"kkZ
o /wi esa] efyuoiq% ¾ eSy ls ;qDr
'kjhj okyk vFkkZr~ nhu] 'kq¼ke~ ¾ lkiQ]
LoPN] 'kkVhe~ ¾ lkM+h dks] ikalqjHkwfee~ f}rh;% ,dka'k%
¾ /wfy/wlfjr tehu ij] lyhye~ ¾
yhyk (ØhMk) ds lkFk] eqfDr% Do uq lk n`';k eqfDr%A lyhyeh'k% l`tfr Hkqoe~A
pkLef¼rkfHkyk"kh (p$vLen~$fgr$
vfHkyk"kh) ¾ gekjk fgr pkgus okyk] fr"Bfr pkLef¼rkfHkyk"kh lfo/s¿Lekda fe"ku~ lnkAA4AA

èokua fgRok cfgjsfg Roa R;t ro dqlqea R;t /wie~A

i';afLr"B LosntyknzZLrfUudVs dk;Z{ks=ksAA5AA

56 laLÑre~
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

;fn ro olua /wlfjra L;kr~ ;fn p lgÏfPNnza L;kr~A

dk ok {kfrfjg rsu HkosÙks rÙofena fpUr; fpÙksAA6AA
fVIi.kh
lfo/s ¾ lehi esa] fe"ku~ ¾ ns[krk
gqvk] cfgjsfg ¾ cfg%,fg&ckgj vkvks]
cks/iz'uk% i';afLr"B ¾ i';u~$fr"B] ns[krs jgks]
LonstyknzZ% ¾ Losntysu vknzZ%] ilhus
1- v/ksfyf[krs"kq fjDrLFkkukuka iwfr± dq#rA ls yFkiFk] rfUudVs ¾ mlds lehi esa]
(i) nsokxkjs fifgr}kjs --------------- Hktls de~\ dk;Z{ks=ks ¾ dk;Z djus dh txg ijA
olue~ ¾ oL=k] lglzfPNnze~ ¾ gtkjksa
(ii) r=kkLrh'k%] --------------- ;=k fg d"kZfr ykÄõfyd%A fNnzksa okyk (iQVk&iqjkuk)] {kfr ¾ gkfu]
fpUr; ¾ fopkj djks] fpÙks ¾ fpÙk esa
(iii) nwjs f{ki ro --------------- ,fg l bo ikalqjHkwfee~A (eu esa)
(iv) ;fn ro olua --------------- ;fn p lgÏfPNnza L;kr~A
2- v/ksfyf[krS% fo'ks";S% lg ikBkr~ fpRok mfprfo'ks"k.kinkfu fy[krA
(i) --------------- nsokxkjs
(ii) --------------- Hkwfee~
(iii) --------------- 'kkVhe~
(iv) --------------- olue~

15-2 v/quk ikBe~ voxPNke%

15-2-1 izFke% ,dka'k%
01 'yksdr% ------- 03 i;ZUre~
nsokxkjs fifgr}kjs rekso`rs¿fLeu~ Hktls de~A
R;t tiekyka R;t ro xkua ukLR;=ks'k% LiqQV; n`'ke~AA1AA
vUo;%
vfLeu~ rekso`rs fifgr}kjs nsokxkjs de~ Hktls\ tiekyke~ R;t] ro xkue~ R;t] v=k bZ'k%
ukfLr] n`'ke~ LiqQV;A
O;k[;k& dfo iwNrk gS fd va/dkj ls ;qDr bl can dejs esa fdldh HkfDr dj jgs
gks\ bl tiekyk dks NksM+ks] vius bl xkus dks Hkh NksM+ks] ;gk¡ bZ'oj ugha gSA viuh vk¡[ksa
[kksyksA dFku dk rkRi;Z ;gh gS fd bZ'oj ds n'kZu ds fy, HkkSfrd vkMEcj djus dh
vko';drk ugha gSA blds fy, efLtn] efUnj] xq#}kjk tkus dh Hkh vko';drk ugha
gS u gh ekyk tius dh] u gh cM+h&cM+h izkFkZuk,¡ djus dhA og bZ'oj bu lc vkMEcjksa
ls ijs (nwj) gSA bl rF; dks HkyhHkkafr lc dks le>uk pkfg,A
laLÑre~ 57
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

HkkokFkZ%& Roa relk vko`rs fifgrdikV}kjs p vfLeu~ nsoky;s de~ Hktls\ beka ekyka
R;t] Lodh;a xkua pkfi R;tA ,rs"kq ckÞ;kMEcjs"kq bZ'k% ukfLrA bna rF;a lE;d~
vo/kj;A
fVIi.kh
r=kkLrh'k%] dfBuka Hkwfea ;=k fg d"kZfr ykÄõfyd%A
;=k p tuinjF;kdrkZ izLrj[k.Mku~ nkj;rsAA2AA

vUo;% bZ'k% r=k vfLr] ;=k fg ykÄõfyd% dfBuke~ Hkwfee~ d"kZfr] ;=k p tuinjF;kdrkZ
izLrj[k.Mku~ nkj;rsAA
O;k[;k& bZ'oj ogk¡ gS] tgk¡ gyokgk (fdlku) dBksj Hkwfe ij gy pykrk gS vkSj
tgk¡ tuin dh lM+d cukus okyk Jfed iRFkjksa ds VqdM+ksa dks rksM+rk gSA bl
i| esa dfo us Je ds egÙo dks n'kkZ;k gSA dfo dgrk gS fd Je esa gh
bZ'oj jgrk gSA vaxzsth Hkk"kk esa Hkh dgrs gSa& Work is worship.
HkkokFkZ%& vfLeu~ i|s bZ'ojL; fo"k;s mP;rs ;r~ bZ'k% vfLeu~ lalkjs gyokgdL; :is
rFkk p tuinL; ekxkZ.kka fuekZrq% :is fo|ekuks HkofrA ;fn dks¿fi bZ'oja
nz"Vqe~ bPNfr rfgZ rsu Je% dj.kh;% ;rks fg bZ'kLrq Jfed:is ,o fr"BfrA

fp=k 15-1 % dBksj Hkwfe ij gy pykdj dfBu ifjJe djrk gqvk fdlku

bZ'kfLr"Bfr o"kkZri;ksLrkH;ka lk/Za efyuoiq%A

nwjs f{ki ro 'kq¼ka 'kkVhesfg l bo ikalqjHkwfee~AA3AA

vUo;% efyuoiq% bZ'k% rkH;ke~ (ykÄõfydsu tuinjF;kd=kkZ p) lk/Za o"kkZri;ks%

fr"BfrA ro 'kq¼ke~ 'kkVhe~ nwjs f{ki] l% (bZ'k%) bo ikalqjHkwfee~ ,fgA

58 laLÑre~
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

O;k[;k& Je ls efyu os'k ls ;qDr bZ'oj muds (fdlku o etnwj) ds lkFk o"kkZ o
/wi esa jgrk gS blfy, dsoy oL=kksa dh 'kq¼rk dh fpUrk er djks] ml bZ'k
dh rjg /wfy /wlfjr Hkwfe esa ilhuk cgkdj ns'kfgr dk dk;Z djks] dBksj
fVIi.kh
ifjJe djksA os'k dh fpUrk R;kx dj 'kqHkz vkSj ifo=k deZ djksA
HkkokFkZ% v=k mP;rs ;r~ bZ'k% ifjJea dqoZu~ ;% Jfed% (ykÄõfyd% rFkk tuin&
jF;kdrkZ) vfLr R;ÙkQok rkH;ka lg o"kkZri;ks% fr"BfrA vr% 'kq¼kfu oL=kkf.k
R;ÙkQok ikalqjHkwfee~ ,fg vFkkZr~ dfBua Jea dq# rFkk p rLiSo iwtua dq# ;r%
Jes ,o bZ'oj% fuolfrA

O;kdj.kfcUno%
lfU/foPNsn%
nsokxkjs ¾ nso $ vkxkjs
rekso`rs¿fLeu~ ¾ rekso`rs $ vfLeu~
ukLR;=ks'k% ¾ u $ vfLr $ v=k $ bZ'k%
r=kkLrh'k% ¾ r=k $ vfLr $ bZ'k%
bZ'kfLr"Bfr ¾ bZ'k% $ fr"Bfr
o"kkZri;ksLrkH;ke~ ¾ o"kkZ $ vkri;ks% $ rkH;ke~

foxzg% lekl % p
fifgr}kjs fifgra }kja ;L; rfLeu~ (cgqozhfg%)
tuinjF;kdrkZ tuinL; jF;k;k% drkZ ("k"BhrRiq#"k%)
o"kkZri;ks% o"kkZ p vkri'p o"kkZrikS r;ks% (}U}%)
efyuoiq% efyua oiq% ;L; l% (cgqozhfg%)
izR;;k%μ fifgre~ ¾ fi ¾ (vfi) $ /k (fg) $ DrA
ykÄõfyd% ¾ ykÄõy $ Bd~ (bd)
izR;; (rf¼rizR;;%) ;s izR;; laKk loZuke vU; vkfn ds lkFk yxrs gSaA
(;gk¡ vfi milx± ds ^v* dk yksi gks x;k gS] /k /krq ÙkQ l iwoZ ^fg* esa cny tkrh
gS)

laLÑre~ 59
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

ikBxriz'uk% 15-1
fVIi.kh 1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuka mÙkjkf.k fy[krA
d- ykÄõfyd% fda djksfr\
[k- izLrj[k.Mku~ d% nkj;rs\
x- bZ'oj% dkH;ka lk/Za fr"Bfr\
?k- vkxPN bfr vFksZ fda ine=k iz;qÙkQe~\
2- v/ksfyf[krku~ 'kCnku~ vFkSZ% lg esy;r&
'kCnk% vFkkZ%
(i) nsokxkjs (d) us=ke~
(ii) rekso`rs ([k) efUnjs
(iii) n`'ke~ (x) vU/dkj;qDrs
(iv) efyuoiq% (?k) d"kZd%
(v) ykÄõfyd% (Ä) /wlfjr'kjhj%

15-2-2 f}rh; ,dka'k%

04 'yksdr% ------- 06 i;ZUre~
eqfDr%\ Do uq lk n`';k eqfDr%A lyhyeh'k% l`tfr Hkqoe~A
fr"Bfr pkLef¼rkfHkyk"kh lfo/s¿Lekda fe"ku~ lnkAA4AA

vUo;% eqfDr%\ lk eqfDr% Do uq n`';k\ bZ'k% lyhye~ Hkqoe~ l`tfrA lnk p

vLef¼rkfHkyk"kh vLekde~ lfo/s fe"ku~ fr"BfrA
O;k[;k& eqfDr\ og eqfDr fdlds }kjk dgk¡ ij ns[kh x;h gS\ bZ'oj us viuh yhyk
ls lalkj dh jpuk dh gS vkSj og bZ'k gekjk fgr pkgrk gqvk lnk gekjs
deksZa dks ns[krk jgrk gSA ge mls Hkys ckgj eafnjksa] efLtnksa] xq#}kjksa rFkk
fxjtk?kjksa esa [kkstrs fiQjrs gksa fdUrq jgrk og gekjs vanj gh gSA
HkkokFkZ% vfLeu~ 'yksds eqfDrfo"k;s fopkj% fØ;rs ^eqfDr%* dk vfLrA u dsukfi
n`"Vk b;a eqfDr%A bZ'k% Loyhy;k bea fo'oa l`tfr] lnk p les"kka fgre~
vfHky"kfrAA l% vU;% ukfLr fdefi fdUrq l% Jfed:is.kSo yksds fr"BfrA
l% vLekda losZ"kka deZ.kka leh{kd% vfLrA

60 laLÑre~
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

èokua fgRok cfgjsfg Roa R;t ro dqlqea R;t /wie~A

i';afLr"B LosntyknzZLrfUudVs dk;Z{ks=ksAA5AA
fVIi.kh
vUo;% Roe~ èokue~ fgRok cfg% ,fg] ro dqlqee~ R;t] /wie~ R;tA
LosntyknzZ% (Roe~) rr~fudVs dk;Z{ks=ks i';u~ fr"BA
O;k[;k rqe va/dkj dks NksM+dj ckgj vkvksA vius iQwyksa dks NksM+ks rFkk bl /wi
(iwtk lkexzh) dks Hkh NksM+ nksA ilhus ls vknZz (xhys) gksrs gq,] ikl ds gh
deZ{ks=k esa ml ifjJeh tu dks ns[krs gq, rqe mlds fudV jgksA
HkkokFkZ% Roa vU/dkja R;DRok cfg%vkxPNA gLrs /kfjrka lokZa iwtklkexzhe~ (/wie~
dqlqekfnd×p) R;tA bZ'ojL; izkIR;FkZe~ ,rs"kke~ vko';drk ukfLrA rL;
Ñrs rq Losntysu vknzZHkwr% Roa deZ{ks=ks Jfeda tua fudVr% i';u~ rL;
lehis fr"BA bZ'ojL; n'kZua rq r=kSo Jfeds Hkfo";fr u rq nsoky;sA bZ'oj&
n'kZus /winhidqlqekn;% lgk;dk% u HkofUrA
;fn ro olua /wlfjra L;kr~ ;fn p lgÏfPNnza L;kr~A
dk ok {kfrfjg rsu HkosÙks rÙofena fpUr; fpÙksAA6AA

vUo;% ;fn ro olue~ /wlfjre~ L;kr~] ;fn p (ro olua) lgÏfPNnze~ L;kr~ rsu
rs bg dk ok {kfr% Hkosr~A bne~ rÙoe~ fpÙks fpUr;A
O;k[;k& ;fn rqEgkjs oL=k /wfy&/wlfjr gksa vkSj ;fn os oL=k gtkjksa fNnz okys (iQVs
iqjkus) Hkh gksa rks mlls rqEgkjh D;k gkfu gksxh\ vFkkZr~ dksbZ gkfu ugha gksxhA
bl rÙo dks (fopkj dks) xgjkbZ ls eu esa lkspksA
HkkokFkZ% ;fn Hkorka oL=kkf.k /wfy/wlfjrkfu Hkos;q%] ;fn p rkfu lgÏfPNnz;qDrkfu
L;q% vFkkZr~ ttZfjrkfu L;q% rsu ;q"ekda dk gkfu% Hkosr~A rÙofena Loeufl
okja okja fpUr;] ;rks fg ttZfjrolus"ofi bZ'oj% fr"BfrA

O;kdj.kfcUno%
lfU/foPNsn%
pkLef¼rkfHkyk"kh p $ vLen~ $ fgr $ vfHkyk"kh
lfo/s¿Lekde~ lfo/s $ vLekde~
rfUudVs rr~ $ fudVs
cfgjsfg cfg% $ ,fg
{kfrfjg {kfr% $ bg

laLÑre~ 61
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

foxzg%lekl%p
lyhye~ yhy;k lfgre~ ;Fkk L;kr~ (vO;;hHkko)
fVIi.kh vLef¼rkfHkyk"kh vLekda fgra vfHkyf"krqa 'khya ;L; l% (cgqczhfg)
LosntyknzZ% Losntysu vknzZ% (r`rh;k rRiq#"k)
dk;Z{ks=ks dk;ZL; {ks=ks ("k"Bh rRiq#"k)
lgÏfPNnza lgÏkf.k fNnzkf.k ;fLeu~ rr~ (cgqozhfg)

izR;;k%
fe"ku~ fe"k~ $ 'kr`] iq- izFkek] ,do
olue~ ol~ $ Y;qV~] uiqa- izFkek] ,do-
fgRok /k ¾ (fg) DRok] vO;;e~
/wlfjre~ /wlj $ brp~
{kfr% f{k $ fÙkQu~] L=kh- izFkek] ,do-

ikBxriz'uk% 15-2
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[krA
(d) dfo% tuku~ dq=k xUrqa izsj;fr\
([k) bZ'k% dFka Hkqoa l`tfr\
(x) vLekda lfo/s d% fr"Bfr\
(?k) bZ'k% vLekda fde~ vfHky"ku~ fr"Bfr\
2- fuEufyf[krku~ 'kCnku~ mfprS% vFkSZ% lg esy;rA
'kCnk% vFkkZ%
(i) {kfr% (d) vU/dkje~
(ii) fpÙks ([k) lehis
(iii) lfo/s (x) eufl
(iv) èokue~ (?k) gkfu%

62 laLÑre~
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

fdef/xre~\
(i) fo'ks";L; vuqlkja fo'ks"k.kL; fyÄõe~] foHkfDr% opu×p iz;qT;rsA fVIi.kh

(ii) ^xhrk×tfy* ;wjksir% cfg% izFkek Ñfr% vfLr ;k ukscsyiqjLdkjs.k iqjLÑrk vfLrA

(iii) losZ"kq fu/Zus"kq tus"kq bZ'ojL; fuokl% vfLrA

(iv) JfedS% lg izseiwoZde~ O;ogkj% dÙkZO;%A

(v) Je% ,o thous egÙoiw.kZ%A

;ksX;rk foLrkj%
(d) dfo ,oa xzaFk ifjp;&
xq#nso johUnzukFk VSxksj ,d dfo] dFkkf'kYihlk/d] fpard] xk;d] fp=kdkj] vè;kid
vkSj jk"Vªpsrk ,oa lekt lq/kjd FksA budk tUe 7 ebZ] 1861 dks dksydkrk ds ,d
/uh czkã.k ifjokj esa gqvk FkkA ;s vius 13 HkkbZ cguksa esa lcls NksVs FksA buds firk
dk uke nsosUnz ukFk VSxksj o ekrk dk uke 'kkjnk nsoh FkkA 11 o"kZ dh vk;q esa budk
miu;u laLdkj gqvkA

fp=k 15-2% xq:nso johUnzukFk VSxkSj (7 ebZ 1861 bZ- μ 7 vxLr 1941 bZ-)

cpiu ls gh budh dfork vkfn fy[kus esa #fp FkhA VSxksj 8 o"kZ dh vk;q ls gh dfork
fy[kus yxs FksA 1877 esa budh caxkyh esa igyh y?kqdFkk ^fHk[kkfj.kh* (The Beggar
Woman) izdkf'kr gqbZA 16 o"kZ dh vk;q esa gh budh izFke dfork ^Hkkuqfla?kks*
(Sunlion) izdkf'kr gqbZ rFkk 1882 esa ^laè;kxhr* ftlesa budh ,d izfl¼ dfork
^futZj LoIuHkÄõe~* Hkh izdkf'kr gqbZA

laLÑre~ 63
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

O;fDrxr d"Vksa ds ckotwn bUgksaus O;fDrxr o jktuhfrd fo"k;ksa ij dbZ miU;kl]

dgkfu;k¡] dfork,¡] ukVd o fuca/ fy[ksA ;Fkk& dYiuk (1900)] {kf.kdk (1900)]
uSos| (1901)] mRlxZ (1902)] f'k'kq (1909) xksjk (1910) rFkk ^xhrk×tfy*
fVIi.kh (1910) vkfnA
1901 esa bl egf"kZ us ^;=k fo'oa HkoR;sduhMe~* bl ladYiuk ds lkFk dksydkrk ds
ckgj ^fo'oHkkjrh 'kkafr fudsru* dh LFkkiuk dh tks fd ik'pkÙ; o Hkkjrh; n'kZu vkSj
f'k{kk dks lefiZr laLFkku gSA vkxs pydj 1921 esa ;g ,d fo'ofo|ky; esa ifj.kr
gks x;kA
VSxksj dh izflf¼ ,d ys[kd o dfo ds :i esa vesfjdk o baXySaM esa rc gqbZ tc
xhrk×tfy dk izdk'ku gqvkA ^xhrk×tfy* dks 1913 esa lkfgR; ds ukscsy iqjLdkj ls
iqjLÑr fd;k x;kA VSxksj ;wjksih; egk}hi ds ckgj ds ,sls izFke dfo Fks ftUgsa lkfgR;
ds ukscsy iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
dohUnz johUnz ukFk VSxksj vk/qfud Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ds egkure dfo (ys[kd) FksA bUgsa
1915 esa vaxzst ljdkj }kjk ^ukbV gqM* (Knight hood) dh mikf/ iznku dh xbZ
ysfdu bUgksaus ve`rlj ds tfy;k¡okyk ckx gR;kdk¡M ftlesa yxHkx 400 Hkkjrh; fugRFks
yksxksa dks vaxzst tujy Mk;j ds vkns'k ls xksfy;ksa ls Hkwu fn;k x;k Fkk] ds fojks/
Lo:i 1919 esa bl mikf/ dks vaxzst ljdkj dks okil dj fn;kA
VSxksj igys ,sls dfo gSa ftUgksaus nks ns'kksa ds jk"Vªxku fy[ks& tu x.k eu (Hkkjrh;
jk"Vªxku) rFkk vkekj 'kksukj ckaxyk (ckaXykns'kh; jk"Vªxku)A var esa 7 vxLr] 1941 dks
(80 o"kZ dh vk;q esa bl egku dfo us vafre fonk yhA)

xzaFk ifjp;
izLrqr ikB ds lHkh 'yksd dohUnz johUnz ukFk VSxksj jfpr ^xhrk×tfy* ds laLÑr
vuqokn ls fy, x, gSA ^xhrk×tfy* ewyr% caxkyhHkk"kk esa fyf[kr gS] ftlesa 157
dforkvksa dk laxzg gS] buesa ls 103 dforkvksa dk gh vaxzsth vuqokn fd;k x;k gS] tks
ik'pkÙ; txr esa ^xhrka×tfy* (An offering of songs) uke ls izfl¼ gqvkA blh Ñfr
dks 1913 esa lkfgR; txr esa ^ukscsy iqjLdkj* izkIr gksus dk xkSjo feykA blesa osnksa o
mifu"kn~ esa of.kZr bZ'oj esa izrhdkRed Lo:i dk vuqlj.k fd;k x;kA izLrqr ikB esa
Hkh bZ'oj dks xjhc] vlgk; rFkk ifjJeh O;fDr;ksa ds :i esa of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA
xhrk×tfy ds izkjaHk esa gh dfo bZ'oj ls izkFkZuk djrk gS fd esjs vgÄïkj dks lekIr dj
nksμ
^^esjk eLrd viuh pj.k/wfy rys ur dj nksA
esjk lkjk vgadkj esjs vJqty esa Mqcks nksAA**

64 laLÑre~
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

([k) Hkkf"kd foLrkj%

leklμ lekl esa lkekU;r;k nks in gksrs gSaA buesa igys vkus okyk in iwoZin gksrk gS
vkSj mlds ckn vkus okyk in mÙkjinA vFkkZr~ ckn esa vkus okyk 'kCnA fVIi.kh

ftl lekl esa iwoZin dk vFkZ iz/ku gksrk gS mls ^vO;;hHkko lekl* dgrs gSa bl
lekl esa iwoZin vO;; gksrk gS rFkk mldh gh iz/kurk ds dkj.k leLr in Hkh vO;;
gh gksrk gSa bl lekl esa foxzg vO;; in ds vFkZ ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS fdUrq leLr
in esa rnFkZd vO;; in dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gS blhfy, ;g vLoin foxzg Hkh dgykrk
gS vFkkZr~ foxzg esa nwljk in rFkk lekl esa nwljkA tSlsμ
(i) vO;;hHkko lekl%
tSls& lehi vFkZ esa&
xÄõk;k% lehie~ mixÄõe~ xÄõk unh ds lehi
uxjL; lehie~ miuxje~ uxj ds lehi
foHkfDr vFkZ esa
gjkS bfr vf/gfj gfj esa
i'pkr~ vFkZ esa
jkeL; i'pkr~ vuqjkee~ jke ds ihNs
;kSxi| vFkZ esa
yhy;k ;qxir~ (lfgre~) lyhye~ yhyk ds lfgr
pØs.k ;qxir~ (lfgre~) lpØe~ pØ lfgr
blh rjg vU; vFkksZa esa Hkh vO;;hHkko lekl gksrk gSA
(ii) rf¼r izR;;& laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k inksa ds fuekZ.k gsrq iz;qÙkQ gksus okys izR;;ksa
dks rf¼rizR;; dgk tkrk gSA rf¼rizR;; ges'kk lqcUr inksa esa izFke in ls gksrk gSA
rf¼r izR;; ds tqM+us ds ckn cuus okyk 'kCn Hkh izk;% laKk ;k fo'ks"k.k gh gksrk gSA
;gk¡ ge rf¼r izR;; ^Bd~* ds fo"k; esa tkusaxs&
Bd~ izR;; ^blls lacaf/r gS* bl vFkZ esa gksrk gSA Bd~ esa ^d~* vuqca/ gS] ftldk yksi
gks tkrk gSA 'ks"k cps ^B* ds LFkku ij ^bd* vkns'k gks tkrk gSA tSls& ^uSfrde~ dk vFkZ
uhfr ls lacaf/rA
'kCn $ izR;; uohu'kCn% vFkZ
ykÄõy $ Bd~ ykÄõfyd% gy pykus dh fØ;k dks tkuus
okyk &^gyokgk*

laLÑre~ 65
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

lkfgR; $ Bd~ lkfgfR;d% lkfgR;dkj

iqjk.k $ Bd~ ikSjkf.kd% ikSjkf.kd (iqjk.k ls lEc¼)
fVIi.kh osn $ Bd~ oSfnd% oSfnd (osnksa ls lEc¼)
/eZ $ Bd~ /kfeZd% /kfeZd (/eZ ls lEc¼)

(x) HkkofoLrkj%
izLrqr ikB esa ladfyr i|ksa ds lekukUrj xzaFkksa esa vusd 'yksd gSa] ftuls gesa blh izdkj
dh f'k{kk izkIr gksrh gSA dqN 'yksd ;gk¡ fn;s tk jgs gSa&
 lEHkj.ksu nhukuka foink'kq foyh;rsA
fß;Urs¿nkr`&foÙkkfu fgaldSnZL;qfHkcZykr~AA
 nhua izfr ?k`.kkHkko% dÙkZO;ks u dnkpuA
d`ikik=ka l rs HkDr% ikidekZ HkoUufiAA
 eu% {kksHka u dL;kfi izdqohZr dFk×puA
vkrksZPN~oklSfgZ nhukuka txr~ lo± iz.k';frAA
 v'kDrefi dk;sZa"kq v'kDra ekoxPN eke~A
leFkZ bfr eRok eka O;ogkja dq#"o Hkks%AA

ikBkUriz'uk%
cks/iz'uk%
1- v/ksfyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrsu fy[krA
(d) bZ'k% Do vfLr bfr ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ lÄïfyr%\
([k) bZ'kizkIr;s dfo% fda fda R;Drqa dFk;fr\
(x) bZ'k% dFka Hkqoa l`tfr\
(?k) bZ'k% dq=k ukfLr\
2- v/ksfyf[krinkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksx% dj.kh;%A
lfo/s] Hkosr~] fpUr;] nkj;rs
3- d- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq lfU/a dq#r&
(i) rekso`rs $ vfLeu~ ¾ ----------------
66 laLÑre~
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

(ii) bZ'k% $ fr"Bfr ¾ ----------------

(iii) cfg% $ ,fg ¾ ----------------
[k- v/ks¿fÄïrs"kq lfU/foPNsna dq#rA fVIi.kh

(i) ukLR;=ks'k% ¾ ---------------- $ ---------------- $ ----------------$ ----------------

(ii) i';afLr"B ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
(iii) rfUudVs ¾ ---------------- $----------------
4- r=kkLrh'k% ---------------- nkj;rs] bR;L; 'yksdL; vUo;a fy[kr
5- foxzga dq#r
(i) lyhye~ --------------------------------
(ii) fifgr}kjs --------------------------------
(iii) o"kkZri;ks% --------------------------------
(iv) efyuoiq% --------------------------------

iz'uksÙkjkf.k
cks/iz'uk%
1. (i) rekso`rs¿fLeu~ (ii) dfBuka Hkwfee~ (iii) 'kq¼ka 'kkVhe~ (iv) /wlfjra L;kr~
2- (i) fifgr}kjs@rekso`rs (ii) dfBuke~ (iii) 'kq¼ke~ (iv) /wlfjra
ikBxriz'uk% 15-1
1- (d) ykÄõfyd% dfBuka Hkwfea d"kZfrA
([k) tuinjF;kdrkZ izLrj[k.Mku~ nkj;rsA
(x) bZ'oj% ;;ks%] o"kkZri;ks% efyuoiq%] rkH;ka lk/Za fr"BfrA
(?k) ,fg
2- (i) ([k)] (ii) (x)] (iii) (d)] (iv) (Ä)] (v) (?k)]

ikBxriz'uk% 15-2
1- (d) LosntyknzZL; JfedL; fudVs] ([k) lyhye~] (x) bZ'oj%]
(?k) fgre~]
2- (i) (?k)] (ii) (x)] (iii) ([k)] (iv) (d)]

laLÑre~ 67
 bZ'k% Do vfLr

ikBkUriz'uk%
1- (d) xhr×tys% laLÑr&vuqoknkr~A ([k) tiekyka] xkua] dqlqea /wie~ pA
fVIi.kh (x) Loyhy;k (?k) fifgr}kjs rekso`rs nsokxkjs
2- lfo/s& bZ'oj% lnk&vLekda lfo/s fr"BfrA
Hkosr~& ee fopkjs jke% fo|ky;s Hkosr~A
fpUr;& bZ'ojL; fo"k;s okja&okja fpUr;A
nkj;rs& d"kZd% ik"kk.k[k.Mku~ nkj;rs ,oaizdkjdkf.k vU;kfu vfi fuekZrqa 'kD;UrsA
3- d- (i) rekso`rs¿fLeu~A (ii) bZ'fLr"Bfr (iii) cfgjsfg

[k- (i) u $ vfLr $ v=k $ bZ'k%

(ii) i';u~ $ fr"B

(iii) rr~ $ fudVs

(iv) Losnty $ vknzZ%

4- ;=k fg ykÄõfyd% dfBuke~ Hkwfee~ d"kZfr ;=k tuinjF;kdrkZ izLrj[k.Mku~ nkj;rs]

bZ'k% r=k vfLrA
5- (i) yhy;k lfgre~]
(ii) fifgra }kja ;L; rr~ rfLeu~]
(iii) o"kkZ p vkri'p o"kkZrikS r;ks%]

(iv) efyua oiq% ;L; l%A

68 laLÑre~