TOPIC 2.

1 M OTION

Distance and displacement

 Distance(d): length of path

 Displacement (s): change in position.

 Displacement has magnitude and direction.

EXAMPLE 1

Speed and Velocity

 Speed (scalar) is defined as distance travelled by object/ time

taken for the journey. Unit is m/s.
 Velocity (vector) is defined as displacement of object/ time
taken for the journey.

Acceleration

 Acceleration (vector) is defined as rate of change of velocity.

 Unit is m/s2

Graphs describing motion

 Slope of distance-time graphs is equal to

speed.

 Area under the line of velocity-time graphs is

equal to displacement.

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  Gradient of velocity- time graph is acceleration.

 The area under acceleration- time graph is the change in velocity.

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EXAMPLE 2

EXAMPLE 3

Determining instantaneous and average values for velocity, speed and acceleration

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  Velocity at instant time is instantaneous velocity. It can be found by calculating gradient of
velocity-time graph at specific time. Same definition is valid for instantaneous acceleration
and velocity.

EXAMPLE 4

Equations of motion for uniform acceleration

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Solving problems using equations of motion for uniform acceleration
EXAMPLE 5

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Sketching and interpreting motion graphs

Let’s draw displacement-time graph

EXAMPLE 6

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Determining acceleration of free fall

 To use s: 1/2at2, every unknown can be

measured by trap door method.

Projectile
motion

Analysing projectile motion includes the resolution of vertical and horizontal components of
acceleration, velocity and displacement.

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  Vertical and horizontal motions are completely independent of each other.
 Just apply motion equations for both.

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EXAMPLE 7

EXAMPLE 8

Effects of fluid resistance to projectile motion

Qualitatively describing effect of fluid resistance on falling objects or projectiles, including

reaching terminal speed

Force due to fluid resistance is proportional to speed2 and cross-sectional area of object in
the direction of movement. This force direction is always opposite to movement therefore while
object is falling drag force will increase and after some time it will balance weight of the object. It is
the time that there will be no more speed increase and this constant speed is called terminal speed.

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EXAMPLE 9

EXAMPLE 10

EXAMPLE 11

EXAMPLE 12

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