−2

A. 4
B. 2
WhatC. is the
−2
Probability that this is an HSC Question?
MC Questions
D. −4

1. 2022
9 Liam is playing two games. He is equally likely to win each game. The probability that
Liam will win at least one of the games is 80%.

Which of the following is closest to the probability that Liam will win both games?

A. 31%
B. 40%
C. 55%
D. 64%

2. 2021
6 There are 8 chocolates in a box. Three have peppermint centres (P) and five have caramel
centres (C).

Kim randomly chooses a chocolate from the box and eats it. Sam then randomly chooses
and eats one of the remaining chocolates.

A partially completed probability tree is shown.

P
3
P
8 –6– C

P
5
C
8
C

What is the probability that Kim and Sam choose chocolates with different centres?

15
A.
64

15
B.
56

15
C.
32

15
D.
28
 C. log2 3
4 The log 3x6 − 4y + 3 = 0 is a tangent to a circle with centre (3, −2).
D. line 2

3. What is the equation of the circle?

2019
6 A game is played by tossing an ordinary 6-sided die and an ordinary coin at the same
time. (The
A. )2 + (yis−won
x + 3game 2)2 =if 4the uppermost face of the die shows an even number or the
uppermost
B. (x − 3face
)2 + (ofy +the2)coin
2
= 4shows a tail (or both).
2
What (is
C. x +the + (y − 2)2 of
3)probability = 16
winning this game?
2 2
D. (x − 3) + (y + 2) = 16
1
A.
4
1
5 B. is the derivative of sin (ln x), where x > 0?
What 2
3 1
C.
A. cos ⎛ ⎞
4 ⎝ x⎠
B.
D. 1 ( ln x )
cos
ln x ⎞
C. cos ⎛
⎝ x ⎠
cos ( ln x )
D.
x

4. 2018
6 A runner has four different pairs of shoes.

If two shoes are selected at random, what is the probability that they will be a matching
pair?

1
A.
56
–3–
1
B.
16
1
C.
7
1
D.
4

–3–
 ...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
Written Responses
Do NOT write in this area.

Question
Question 1414(5(5marks)
marks)
...............................................................................................................................
1.
History
History ...............................................................................................................................
andGeography
and Geographyare aretwotwoofofthe thesubjects
subjectsstudents
studentsmay maydecide
decidetotostudy. study.For Fora a
group of 40 students, the following
group of 40 students, the following is known. is known.
...............................................................................................................................
• • 77students
studentsstudy studyneither
neitherHistory
Historynor norGeography
Geography
...............................................................................................................................
• • 20
20students
students studyHistory
study History

• • 18
18students
studentsstudy studyGeography
Geography
(b) A student is chosen at random. Given that the student studies Geography, what 1
(a) is the probability that the student does NOT study History?
(a) AAstudent
(a) studentisischosen
chosenatatrandom.
random.By Byusing
usinga aVennVenndiagram,
diagram,ororotherwise,
otherwise,find findthethe 22
...............................................................................................................................
probability that the student studies both
probability that the student studies both History and Geography. History and Geography.
...............................................................................................................................
Question 14 ...............................................................................................................................
(continued)
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
Question 14 (continued)
x...............................................................................................................................
) = x3 + kx2 + 3x − 5, where k is a constant.
Let â (...............................................................................................................................
(c) (b) 3
(c) Two different students are chosen at random, one after the other. What is the
............................................................................................................................... 2
Find ...............................................................................................................................
the values 3 of k 2that
for which
(c) Let â ( x ) = x + kx + 3x − 5, where k is a constant.
probability the first â ( x ) has
student NO stationary
studies History points.
and the second student does 3
area.
thisarea.

NOT study History?

...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
Find the values of k for which â ( x ) has NO stationary points.
...............................................................................................................................
Question 11...............................................................................................................................
writeininthis

(continued)
(d) An artist posted a song online. Each day there were 2n + n downloads, where n
...............................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
is the number of days after the song was posted.
(d)
(f) AnA bag posted a5song
contains green online.
beads Each
and day
7 there were
purple beads. 2nTwo
+ n beads
artist...............................................................................................................................
downloads, where nat
are selected 2
...............................................................................................................................
NOTwrite

(i) number
israndom,
the Find the
of number
days
without replacement.afterof downloads
the song wason each
posted. of the first 3 days after the song 1
...............................................................................................................................
was posted.
(b)
(i) is
What Athe
Find student
the is chosen
number
probability of
that attherandom.
downloadstwo beads Given
on each
are that
of the
the the
same student
first 3 days
colour? studies
afterGeography,
the song what1 1
DoNOT

(b)
(ii) Awas
Whatstudent
is the is is
the chosen
total at
number random.of Given
times thethat
probability that the student does NOT study History?song thewasstudent studies
downloaded Geography,
in the first what 2 1
posted.
is20 thedays
probability
after it wasthatposted?
the student does NOT study History?
...............................................................................................................................
Do

(ii) ...............................................................................................................................
What is the total number of times the –song 13 –was downloaded in the first 2
20
(g) The parabola days after 2it was posted?
y = x Office
meets y =write
x +anything, (−1,below
1) this
andline.(2, 4). 2
UsetheOnly line 2 at the points
...............................................................................................................................
– Do NOT or make any marks
3. ...............................................................................................................................
8839310293
Do NOT prove this.
(e) Two machines, A and B, produce pens. It is known that 10% of the pens
...............................................................................................................................
produced ...............................................................................................................................
by machine are faulty
By first sketching theAgraphs of yand = xthat
2
and5%yof = the
x + pens
2, shadeproduced by machine
the region which
(e) Two aremachines,
faulty.
Bsimultaneously A and B,theproduce
satisfies pens. It is
two inequalities y ≥known
x 2 andthat y ≥ 10%
x + 2.of the pens
(c) Two
produced different Astudents
by machine are faulty areand chosen
that 5% at random,
of the pens oneproduced
after theby other.
machineWhat is the 2
(c)(i) Two
One
B are faulty. different
pen
probability is students
chosen
that the at are
random
first chosen
studentfrom at random,
each
studies machine.
History one after
and the
the other.
second What
student is the
does 1 2
probability
NOT studythat the first student studies History and the second student does
History?
NOT
Whatpen study
is the History?
probability that
(i) One is chosen at randomEndatof least
from one machine.
each
Question of11 the pens is faulty? 1
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(ii) What
A coinis isthetossed to select
probability thatone at of theone
least twoof machines.
the pens Two pens are chosen
is faulty?
............................................................................................................................... 2
at random from the selected machine.
...............................................................................................................................
(ii) A...............................................................................................................................
coin is tossed to select one of the two machines. Two pens are chosen 2
...............................................................................................................................
What
at randomis thefrom probability
the selected that neither
machine. pen is faulty?
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
What is the probability that neither
Please turnpenover
is faulty?

End of Question 14
– 13 –
End of Question – 1314 – or make any marks below this line.
Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything,
8839310293
Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line.
8839310293
 Question 14 (continued)
Question 14 (continued)
4.
(b) Weather records for a town suggest that:
(b) Weather
Question records for a town suggest that:
14 (continued) 5
• if a particular day is wet (W), the probability of the next day being dry is
56
• if a particular day is wet (W), the probability of the next day being dry is
Question 1
• if14
(b) Weather
(continued)
a particular
records fordayaistown
dry suggest probability of the next day being dry is 6 .
(D), the that:
12
• if a particular day is dry (D), the probability of the next day being dry is .
25
(b) •In ifa aspecific
Weather particular
records day
for ais
week wet (W),
Thursday
town isthedry.
suggest probability
The treeofdiagram
that: the next shows day beingthe dry is
possible
6
Inoutcomes
a specific for week
the next three days:
Thursday Friday,
is dry. TheSaturday and Sunday.
tree diagram shows the possible
15
•• ifif aaparticular
outcomes day
dayisthree
for the next
particular isdry (D),
(W),the
wetdays: theprobability
Friday, ofofthe
Saturday
probability thenext
and nextday
Sunday. daybeing
beingdry
dryisis2 .
Friday Saturday Sunday 6
Friday Saturday Sunday 1
In
• aif specific
a particularweek
dayThursday
is dry (D),isthe dry. The treeofdiagram
probability the next shows the dry
possible
1 day being is .
outcomes for the next three days: Friday, Saturday and Sunday. W 2
16 W
In a specific week Thursday is dry. TheWtree diagram 5 6 shows the possible
1 Saturday
outcomes for the next Friday three days: Friday, W
Saturday and 56 Sunday. Sunday
D
16
6 1 D
W 6 W
Friday Saturday Sunday
W 5 61
W 5 W
1 516 121 WW
D 61 D
12 66 2 6
W DW 1 5
2 D
2 1
56 6
2 1 DD
W
1 W 6 2
2 5
D 1 1 W
1 1 1
6 W
25 W
D
1 6 W 2
12 6
2
1 WD 561 D
2 12 2
6 1 DD
D 2 W
1 D 1 6
W 5 1 W
2 112 1 W
6 1 2 W
D
1 D 1 2 6
22
DW 5
2 D 1 12 D
6 D
12 2 1 D
W
D 2 2
(i) Show that the probability of Saturday D being dry is2 . 1
1 1 23
(i) Show that the probability of Saturday being dry is 1 . W 1
(ii) What is the probability of both 2 Saturday and 2Sunday 23 being D wet? 2
D 1
(ii) What is the probability of both Saturday and Sunday being wet? 2
(iii) What is the probability of at least one of Saturday 2 and 2 SundayD being dry? 1
(i) Show that the probability of Saturday being dry is
(iii) What is the probability of at least one of Saturday and3 Sunday being dry? . 1
1
(ii) What is the probability of both Saturday and Sunday2 being wet? 2
(i) Show that the probability of Saturday being dry is . 1
Question 14 continues on page 13 3
(iii) What is the probability Question of 14
at least one of on
continues Saturday
page and Sunday being dry?
13 1
(ii) What is the probability of both Saturday and Sunday being wet? 2

(iii) What is the probability of at least one of Saturday and Sunday being dry? 1
– 12 –
Question 14 continues
– 12 – on page 13

Question 14 continues on page 13

– 12 –
 1 2
V= x 100 x2 .
3

5.
(b) A game involves rolling
(ii)To Show thatgame, the
( 2
200 3xdice,
d V twox six-sided ) followed by rolling a third six-sided
= number rolled. on the third die must lie between the 2
die. win the dx 3 100
two numbers rolled previously. x2
For example, if the first two dice show 1 and 4,
the game can only be won by rolling a 2 or 3 with the third die.

(i)
(iii) What is the
Find the probability
exact value of qthat
for awhich
player
V has no chance of winning before
is a maximum. 23
rolling the third die?

(ii) What is the probability that a player wins the game? 2

(b) A game involves rolling two six-sided dice, followed by rolling a third six-sided
die. To win the game, the number rolled on the third die must lie between the
two numbers rolled previously. For example, if the first two dice show 1 and 4,
Question 16 continues on page 16
the game can only be won by rolling a 2 or 3 with the third die.

(i) What is the probability that a player has no chance of winning before 2
rolling the third die?

(ii) – 15 –wins the game?

What is the probability that a player 2

Question 16 continues on page 16

– 15 –