Principles of

Communications
BS Electronics Engineering
March 7, 2023
Engr. Christopher V. Maglaque, MEM
Assistant Professor 4
 Electronic communication deals with the transmission, reception,
and processing of information. Figure 1.1 shows the basic diagram
of an electronic communication system. It consists of a transmitter,
channel, and receiver.

Communication
System

Figure 1.1: Block Diagram of an Electronic Communication System

 Parts of Electronic Communication System
Transmitter
A collection of electronic circuits and components designed to
convert an electrical signal into a signal suitable to the chosen medium.
It consists of amplifiers, filters, oscillators, modulators, and mixers.
Channel /Transmission Medium
It is the medium where electronic signals are being sent.
Communication It can be air, copper wire, or optical cable.
System Receiver
It is a collection of electronic circuits that converts the electronic
signal back into its original form.
It consists of filters, demodulators, amplifiers, tuned circuits, and
mixers.
Noise
It is interference that degrades the quality of the information in an
electronic communication system.
 Types of Communication System
Electronic communication can be classified in two ways (1) One
way (simplex) or two way (half duplex or full duplex), (2) analog or
digital.
1. Simplex
It is the simplest type of electronic communication system. Figure
1.2 shows an illustration of one way or simplex communication
Communication system. The information can be transmitted only in one way. The
receiving end can transmit back to the source of information.
System

Figure 1.2: TV Broadcasting as an example of Simplex Communication

 Types of Communication System
2. Half Duplex
It is a form of two-way communication where the two parties can
transmit information provided that only one party can use the
channel at a time. Figure 1.3 shows an illustration of half – duplex
communication system. The two parties take turns in suing the
communication channel.
Communication
System

Figure 1.3: Half – duplex (one way at a time)

 Types of Communication System
3.Full Duplex
It is a form of two-way communication where the two parties can
transmit information simultaneously. Figure 1.4 shows the diagram
of a full – duplex communication system.

Communication
System

Figure 1.4: Full – duplex (simultaneous usage of channel)

 Types of Communication System
4. Full/Full Duplex
Communication Possible to transmit and receive simultaneously, but not necessary
between the same two locations (i.e. one station can transmit to a
System second station and receive from a third station at the same time).
 Analog Signal
An analog signal is a continuously varying electrical signal. Audio,
video, and light when converted to an electrical signal will have an
Communication analog signal. Figure 1.5 shows an illustration of an analog signal.

System

Figure 1.5: Example of Analog of Signal

 Digital Signal
A digital signal does not vary continuously. It varies in a discrete
and defined manner. Figure 1.6 shows an example of a digital
signal. It can be observed that the signal stays at a constant level
for a period and then changes state abruptly. One common
Communication example of a digital signal is the binary signal used in computers.
System

Figure 1.6: Example of a Digital Signal (Binary)

 Transmission of Information
The two-basic technique in the transmission of information is (1)
Modulation and (2) Multiplexing. The modulation technique
processes the information and makes it suitable for the
communication medium. The multiplexing technique allows the
transmission of two or more information over a single
communication channel.
Communication
System Baseband Transmission
Baseband is the direct transmission of the electronic signal. The
information signal is already compatible with the communication
channel and doesn’t need any modification. An example of this is
the telephone system. The voice signal is converted into an
electrical signal and directly transmit over copper wire.
 Broadband Transmission
One advantage of electronic communication is the ability to
communicate over a long distance. A modulation technique is
necessary to make it possible to transmit signals over free space.
Modulation is the process of impressing the baseband signal
(intelligence) into a higher frequency signal (carrier). The
Communication information signal changes the property of the carrier to make it
suitable in a communication medium.
System
Figure 1.7 shows a block diagram of broadband transmission. The
information signal (intelligence) is amplified and fed into a
modulator which it will be mixed with a carrier signal. The resulting
signal is then modulated signal that is ready for transmission over
the antenna. The receiver end will demodulate the electronic signal
to recover the original form of the information signal.
Communication
.
System

Figure 1.7: Block diagram of broadband transmission

 There are many types of modulation. It can be analog or digital.
The following types of modulation are summarized below and will
be discussed in detail later at this course.
Types of Modulation
Analog Modulation
– Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Communication – Frequency Modulation (FM)
System – Phase Modulation (PM)

Digital Modulation
– Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
– Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
– Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
– Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
 Multiplexing
The number of communication channel is one challenge
electronic communication system especially in wireless
Communication transmission. Thus, a multiplexing technique is required to utilize
System the channel efficiently.
This technique made it possible to transmit two or more
intelligence in a single communication channel. This intelligence is
intended to a different receiver.
 Figure 1.8 shows a block diagram of multiplexing
technique. It can be observed in the figure that the different
intelligence signals are being fed into a multiplexer before it
undergoes the process of modulation. The signal will be
transmitted over the communication channel and will be
demultiplexed at the receiver end.
Communication
System

Figure 1.8: Block diagram of Multiplexing

Communication
System QUESTIONS???
Communication
THANK YOU & GOD BLESS
System
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