ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, BHUBANESWAR

A REPORT ON
RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE (RAWE)-2021-22

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

PROF.DR.B.S.RATH
DEPT.OF AGROMETEOROLOGY
CHAIRMAN,RAWE
PROF.DR.P.K.BANERJEE
DEPT.OF.EXTENSION EDUCATION
PROGRAM COORDINATOR,RAWE
ABHAYA KUMAR MAHAKUR
Adm no.-18121043
B.Sc. (hons) Ag. 4th Year
College of Agriculture,
Bhubaneswar

1
ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE& TECHNOLOGY
College of Agriculture, Bhubaneswar -751003

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report on RAWE (Village Attachment) prepared and submitted under
Student READY (Rural Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana) - 2020-21 by
Sri/Miss____________________________, Adm. No. _______ is actually based on the day to day
activities performed by him/her as Agricultural Development Associate (Krishi Unnat Sahayogi) from
__________ to __________in the Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Empowerment,
Government of Odisha under the supervision of Mr./Mrs........................, B.A.O., Block-...............,
District-.......... as per weekly work schedule given by the ADAPT (Analytics & Decision Support for
Agril. Policy Transformation) team. The different Scheme Officers and C.D.A.O.s headed by the Joint
Director of Agril. (PP) and ADAPT team constantly guided, supported and monitored the daily
activities. All sorts of help and sources of information availed during this programme have been duly
acknowledged.

Coordinator, RAWE Block Agriculture Officer

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is with the sense of great pleasure I, Abhaya Kumar Mahakur (Adm no-18121043) ,a
student of 4th year Bsc (hons.)AG ,College of Agriculture ,OUAT,Bhubaneswar presenting
this report of village attachment program of RAWE 2021.

I take this opportunity to thank Dr Arun Kumar Sahoo, Hon‟ble. Minister of State for
Agriculture and Farmers Empowerment, Fisheries and Animal Resource and Higher
Education, Secretary Agriculture, Director Agriculture, Director Horticulture and and
ADAPT team members and other staffs for giving the opportunity to continue my RAWE
programme with various Govt. schemes at Bargarh.

I feel honoured to offer my sincere gratitude to all those people who helped me in
completing my RAWE program.

I am extremely thankful to Dr. K .K.ROUT, Dean, College of Agriculture,Bhubaneswar for

his cooperation. Expressing my deep gratitude to our RAWE coordinator Dr. P.K. Banarjee
of Dept. of Extension Education and also all the Heads of departments and other teachers of
various departments for their proper guidance during orientation programme and for
providing us theoretical knowledge prior to village attachment programme.

I am also grateful to our CDAO sir,BAOsir,AHO mam, VAW sir and other staff members
for their support during RAWE activities in Bargarh district.

Lastly, I am thankful to all my friends and specially my co-associate who were attached with
me during the RAWE program for their help and cooperation.

(Signature of the Student)

Place: Attabira NAME: Abhaya Kumar Mahakur

Adm. No: 18121043

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 CONTENTS

Sl.
Chapters Page No.
No.
1 Introduction 5

2 RAWE Programme 5-7

3 Orientation Programme 7-9

4 District at a Glance 9-14

5 Block at a Glance 15-19

Salient features of different Schemes / Modules in
6 19-22
which activities conducted.
Salient features of other Central and State Govt.
7 sponsored Schemes/Programmes (MKUY, 22-24
BALARAM, PMFBY etc.)
Activities done under different schemes/modules
8 24-33
in the assigned Block/GP/Village(s) etc.
Farm family survey schedules & plan for doubling
9 34
their income.
Experience gained from involvement in the
10 34
programme
11 Suggestions and recommendations 34-35

12 Summary and conclusion 35

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1. Introduction
The Student READY (Rural Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana) aims
to provide rural entrepreneurship awareness, practical experience in real-life situation in
agriculture and allied enterprises to the undergraduate students by keeping themselves
physically present in rural situation and interacting personally with various stakeholders. The
programme aims at building confidence, developing skill and acquiring knowledge about
local field situation of the farmers and the locality.

The Student READY was launched by the Honourable Prime Minister of India on 25 th
July, 2015. The concept is to reorient graduates of Agriculture and allied subjects for
ensuring and assuring employability and develop entrepreneurs for emerging knowledge
intensive agriculture.

Three basic principles of this programme are -

Education: The students will learn by doing with the farmers in the village and
educate them about the advanced technologies in agriculture and allied
fields.
Experience: The students will face the real life situation of a farmer, and gain
experience about the resource availability and their judicious use for
enhancing the production and productivity of entrepreneurs.
Exposure: The student will get better platform to find out the problems in agriculture
by exposing themselves to difficult situations, find out best solution to
improve the livelihood option by preparing action plans and linking with
different service sectors and govt. sponsored schemes.

2. Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE)

RAWE is a programme for imparting quality, practical and production oriented
education for agriculture degree. The rural agricultural work experience help the students
primarily to understand the rural situations, status of agricultural technologies adopted by
farmers, prioritize the farmers‟ problems and to develop skills & attitude of working with
farm families for overall development in rural area.

Agricultural Education is an important tool in ensuring increased agricultural

productivity, sustainability, environmental and ecological security, profitability, job security
& equity. In India, Randhawa Committee (1992) recommended the RAWE programme for
imparting quality, practical and production oriented education for agriculture degree
programme. It will provide significant hands on experience in acquiring knowledge and skill.

Importance of RAWE
 Preparing Agricultural Graduates for better career in agriculture/ agribusiness.

5
  Preparing Agricultural Graduates to face the challenges by acquiring knowledge &
skill through hands on experience.

Objectives of RAWE
 To provide an opportunity to the students to understand the rural setting in relation to
agriculture and allied activities.
 To make the students familiar with socio-economic conditions of the farmers and their
problems.
 To impart diagnostic and remedial knowledge to the students relevant to real field
situations through practical training.
 To develop communication skills in students using extension teaching methods in
transfer of technology.
 To develop confidence and competence to solve agricultural problems.
 To acquaint students with on-going extension and rural development programs.

3. The Agriculture Development Associate (Krushi Unnat Sahayogi) Prog.

(KUS-2021)
The Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production, Govt. of Odisha took a new
initiative to involve the final year Agriculture/Horticulture undergraduate students in their
RAWE programme for implementation of its flagship schemes & programmes at grass root
level by creating awareness campaigns, pest surveillance, conducting training and
demonstrations, registering the farmers in different schemes and programmes as well as
collecting feedback information etc.
The objectives of Krushi Unnat Sahayogi Programme was –
1. For the department:
• To improving the awareness and adoption of key schemes
• To assess the performance of department initiatives
• To identify the gaps in implementation of ongoing programmes
2. For the students:
• To gain practical knowledge of agricultural practices
• To get opportunity to pursue field study in their areas of interest
• To get exposed to different government schemes and programmes

The major area of activities for the Agriculture Development Associates at Block
level includes-
 Scheme Adoption
 Field Assessment
 Impact Assessment
 Farmer Surveys
 Training Sessions

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 A group of 3-4 students will work under the supervision of one Block Agriculture
Officer at the Block level. The students will be deputed to work as Agril. Development
Associates for a period of 2 months. Each student will be provided with a stipend of
Rs.4500/- per month based on his/her attendance above 80% and performance level. There is
also provision of Rs.1500/- cash award for 4% best performing students. An online system
for recording student attendance and submission of reports and returns on daily basis along
with online filling up and uploading farmers‟ information through different formats was
initiated through an App developed by the ADAPT (Analytics and Decision Support for
Agril. Policy Transformation) team of the Directorate. This App can be downloaded by the
students in their Smart Phones and used for the purpose at field level. The Scheme officers,
Chief District Agriculture Officers, Deans and Associate Deans of Argil. Universities and the
Coordinators from the ADAPT team under the headship of Joint Director of Agriculture (PP)
will monitor the student activities and provide real time support regularly through formation
of different WhatsApp groups.

Orientation training programme in the College:

The day following registration to the 7th semester, one week technical orientation
programme was conducted in the college from 18.10.2021 to 25.10.2021 . Inaugurating the
programme, Hon‟ble Dean Sir discussed about the Student READY scheme and the
expectations from the students being involved in the KUS programme of the State
Government. Chairman of the Student READY Cell as well as the Programme Coordinator
of RAWE (Village Attachment) oriented the students about various procedures, Do &
Don‟ts and the activities to be performed by the students during their 10 weeks of KUS
programme in the allotted blocks and Gram Panchayats. Teachers from different departments
discussed about the major field crops, vegetable and fruit crops, major pests, diseases and
their management, soil fertility, fertilizers, soil sample collection, soil health card preparation
etc. and the possible challenges before the students at grass-root level and how to meet
those. The details of the technical orientation programme is as follows.
Sl. Date Topic Name of the Speaker
No.
1. 22.10.2021 Basic Objectives Of RAWE Dr. K.K.Rout
Entomology Dr.S.k.Mukherji
Extension Dr.P.K.Banarjee
2. 23.10.2021 Pathology Dr.Mihir Kumar Mishra
Extension Dr. P.K.Banarjee
3. 25.10.2021 Soil Science Dr.Antaryami Mishra
Fruit Science Dr.SN.Dash
Ground Level Agronomy Dr.R.K.Paikray

7
 (Orientation Training Programme In College)
Orientation training programme for the Agriculture Development
Associates
One day online Orientation training programme was conducted by the officers of the
Directorate of Agriculture & F.P. on 26.10.2021 from 10.30 am to 4.00 pm to appraise the
students about different modules/schemes and the expectations from the students. They were
informed about the stipends, system of online submission of attendance, use of the App
(Software), monitoring and evaluation procedure, weekly announcement of best performers,
attendance statement and weekly Activity Schedule etc. The details of the programme is as
follows.
Sl.
Time Scheme / Module Name of the Speaker
No
10.30
1. About KUS and KUS App ADAPT team + JDA (PP)
am
11.00
2. E-Pest Surveillance ADA(PP)
am
11.20
3. E-pest App NIC, Bhubaneswar
am
11.30
4. MukhymantriKrushiUdyogYojana MD, APICOL
am
11.50
5. BALRAM ADA(Coordination)
am
12.15
6. DSS+ Agri-Extension App ADAPT team
pm
02.00 Input Availability-Fertilizers, Seeds &
7. JDA (Farm & Seeds)
pm Pesticides
02.30
8. Dakshyata Jt.Secy. to Govt., DAFE
pm
02.50 Director, SC & Watershed
9. Farm Pond
pm Mission
03.10 C.E.(Monitoring), W.R.
10. Irrigation
pm Dept.
03.30
11. BTT Meeting Director, IMAGE
pm

8
4. District at a glance
4.1 Agro Ecological Situation (AES)

The district is coming under Agro-Climatic Zone- Western Central Table Land and divided
into five Agro-Ecological Situations. These are:

1. Hot Subhumid Eco-region with Red and Black soils

2. Hot Subhumid Eco-region with Red and Yellow Soils

9
3. Warm Subhumid to Humid with inclusion of Perhumid Eco-region with Brown Forest and
Podzolic Soils
4. Hot Subhumid Eco-region with Red and Lateritic soils
5. Warm Perhumid Eco-region with Red and lateritic soils

4.2 District profile

Sl. Area
Parameters
No. (ha)
1 Geographical Area 583200
2 Cultivable Area 348747
3 No of DAO Circles 4
4 No of AAO Circles 24
5 No. of VAW Circles 50
6 No. of Blocks 12
7 No. of G.P.s 254
8 N.A.C.s 4
9 Municipality 1
10 No of Villages 1176

4.3 Demography: (Population in lakhs)

Category Male No. Female No.
SC 50.34% 150420 49.66% 148360
ST 49.99% 140542 50.01% 140593
OBC 50.11% 225335 49.89% 224312
Othercaste 50.77% 226215 49.23% 219335

4.4 Farmers’ profile

Sl. Area under % of
Category Numbers %
No. cultivation (ha) area
1. Marginal farmers 76639 38 183318 53
(<1ha)
2. Small farmers (1-2 73819 36 64690 18.54
ha)
3. Medium farmers (2- 32058 16.45 76034 21.08
4 ha)
4. Large farmers (>4 ha) 21041 10.79 24705 7.08

4.5 Land utilization pattern:

Category Area Category Area
(ha.) (ha.)
Water logged NIL Saline affected
area area
Flood prone NIL Alluvial soil
area

10
 Sandy soil NIL Lateritic soil 60000
Acidic soil 159562 Forest area 122000
Miscellaneous 29000 Permanent 20000
pasture
Cultivable 15000 Non agril land 50000
waste
Barren & 20315 Current fallow 7006
uncultivable
waste
Fallow 8550

4.6 Sources of irrigation:

Name of the sources Area (ha.)
Surface Irrigation Points 67071
Hand/River Lift Centers 17174
Medium / Minor Irrign. 2815+1666
Projects
Lift Irrigation Points 1790
Shallow Tube Wells 31062+83041
Creeks 196
Others (if any) 695

4.7 Irrigated Area:

Season Area (ha.) % to Total Area
Kharif 187977 54
Rabi 131848 37.8

4.8 Soil type

Type of soil % of total area
Alluvial soil 6.53
Black cotton 0.1
soil
Laterite soil 11.4
Red soil 81.13
Others (if any) 0.84

4.9 Information on Weather parameters

Avg. Temperature
Avg. Avg. RH
(oC)
Rainfall(mm) Minimum maximum
(%)
1527 8 47 48-95

11
4.10 Major crops and cropping systems:
Name Crops Area (ha) Cropping System
Cereals Paddy,Maize, Ragi 126500 Crop rotation
Greengram, 8100 Crop rotation
Pulses
Blackgram, Redgram
Groundnut, Mustard, 300 Crop rotation
Oil seed
Sunflower
Commercial Fibre, Sugarcane 1100 Crop rotation
crops
Brinjal,Tomato,Chilli, - Crop rotation
Pumpkin,Pointed
Vegetables gourd,Ridgegourd,Ivy
gourd,Snakegourd,
Bitter gourd
Spices Onion, Garlic, Ginger - Crop rotation
Others (if any) - Crop rotation

4.11 Cropping intensity:

Agricultural Land Use Area(`000 ha) Cropping Intensity%
Net Sown Area 330
Area Sown more than one 140 142.4%
Gross cropped area 470

4.12 Cropping Pattern: Package of practices followed (Crops and ruling Var., Agril.
machineries used, Fertilizer application, Weed management practices, any other)

Sl.
Crop
No.
1 Rice-fallow
2 Groundnut
3 Redgram
4 Greengram
5 Ragi
6 Maize
Ruling varieties
Heera, JHU, Kalinga III, Sneha
Smruti, JL-24, Devi
ICPL-87-119, Pragati, Jagruti
Sujata, PDM-54, Durga
Subhadra, Chilka, Bhairabi
Pragati, Navjot

4.13 Farm Mechanisation (Agricultural Implements)

Cost of
Sl. No Name Quantity available
implements
1 Power tiller 2272 174000
2 Tractor 3499 784000
3 Transplanter 50 145000
4.Power Paddy thresher 327 250000
driven Power weeder 323 150000
equipment Brush cutter 17 60000
5 Pumpset 3692 45000

12
 6 Special power weeder 17 14990
7 Mini rice mill 164 14100
8 Rotavator 125 122000
9 Reaper 14 85000

4.14 Fertilizer consumption pattern in the district

a) Chemical Fertilisers
Sl. Quantity
Name Trade Name
No. used(MT)
1 Nitrogen Urea 18804
2 Phosphorous DAP,SSP 11529
3 Potash MOP 5111
4 Composite fertilizer 20-20-0 11000
28-28-0 10500
10-26-26 1000
14-35-14 100
15-15-15 250
5 Other fertilizers (if Total complex 34350
any) City complex 1050

b) Bio Fertilisers
Sl. Name Quantity
No. used
1 Azotobacter -
2 Azospirillum -
3 PSB -
4 Mycorhizae -
5 Others (if -
any)

c) Green Manures
Sl.
Name Quantity used
No.
1 Dhanicha 745
2 Sun hemp 0
3 Blue-green Algae -
4 Others (if any) -

4.15 Pesticide use pattern in the district

a) Bio Pesticide
Sl. Quantity used
Name
No. (MT)
1 Neem 60

13
 2 Fungal bio-pesticide 0
3 Bacterial bio-pesticide 0
4 Others (if any) 0

b) Chemical Pesticide
Sl
Quan
. Catego
Trade Name Name of chemical tity
N ry
used
o.
1 Insectic AVENA,FOTERRA,OMITE Theomethoxam, 857
ides propagartite,chlorantranili kg
pole
2 Fungici VALIGON,RIDOMIL,GOLD, Validamycin, 210
des NATIVO,KASUBI metalyxyl+mancozeb,kaus kg
ubamycin
3 Bacteri STREPTOMYCIN,PLANTO Tetramycin 50 kg
cides MYCIN SO4,tetracycline hcl
4 Herbici OXYMON,SATHIGOLD,,TA Oxdiargyl,pyozosulfanethyl 180k
des TA PANIDA ;,pendimethalin g
5 Rodenti ZINTOX Zinchosphide 80 kg
cides

4.16 Information on livestock & Animal HusbandryResources

Sl. Population
Name Breed
No. (in‟000)
1 Indigenous 194.743
cows
2 Cross bred JERSEY 20.049
cows
3 Buffaloes MURRAH 18.441
4 Sheep BOLNGIR 58.826
SHEEP
5 Goats BLACK 162.631
BANGAL
6 Pigs 5.034
7 Poultry DESI, BANRAJ 269.946
8 Ducks

4.17 Information on Fisheries Resources

Area under fish production:
Sl. Production
Category
No. (MT)
Total Fish 4200
1
production
2 Inland 4200
3 Marine -
14
5.0 Block at a glance
5.1 Name of the Block : ATTABIRA
Latitude & Longitude : 21.3713*N,83.7814*E
No. and Names of GPs : 24

Laderpali Janhapara Manapara Hirlipali

Kulunda Bugbuga Jhilminda Tope Larasara
Kharmunda Paharsirgida Amlipali Larambha Chakuli
Kumelsingha Kadobahal Kuiltatikra Taparsara Janged
Lahanda Lachida Tangarpali Godbhaga Silet

5.2 Block profile

Sl.
Parameters Area (ha)
No.
1 Geographical Area 34098
2 Cultivable Area 28776
3 Up land 14812
4 Medium land 7563
5 Low land 6401
6 Forest area 3000
7 Fallow land 2136
8 Grazing land 1000
.
5.3 Farmers’ profile
Sl. Area under
Category Numbers % % of area
No. cultivation (ha)
1. Marginal farmers 16221 47.06 21589 50.50
(<1ha)
2. Small farmers (1-2 ha) 12021 35.33 14562 34.06
3. Medium farmers (2-4 4575 13.44 4521 10.57
ha)
4. Large farmers (>4 ha) 1200 3.5 2978 4.86

5.4 Land utilization pattern:

(Area in (Area in
Category Category
ha) ha)
Water logged area NIL Saline affected NIL
area
Flood prone area NIL Alluvial soil 2658
Sandy soil 400 Lateritic soil NIL
Acidic soil 14271 Forest area 4698
Miscellaneous 598 Permanent 2113
pasture
Cultivable waste 745 Non agril land 1675
Barren & uncultivable 834 Current fallow 500

15
 waste
Fallow NIL

5.5 Sources of irrigation:

Source Area (ha.)
SIP 22508
HLC 48
MIPs 35
LIPs 1348
STWs 856
Creeks 16
Others 509

5.6 Irrigated Area:

Season Area (ha)
Kharif 28776
Rabi 24976

5.7 Soil type

Type of soil % of total area
Alluvial soil 20.85
Black cotton soil 0
Laterite soil 1.39
Red soil 75.76
Others 2

5.8 Information on Weather parameters

Avg. Avg. Temperature (oC) Avg. RH
Rainfall(mm) Minimum maximum (%)
1517 20 35.1 48-92

5.9 Major crops and cropping systems:

Name Crops Area
(ha)
Cereals HYV 24949
Paddy,
hybrid
paddy,local
psddy,
maize,
hybrid
maize and
ragi
Pulses Mung, biri, 221
arhar,

16
 cowpea etc
Oil seed Groundnut, 57
til
Commercial sugarcane 2
crops
Vegetables Brinjal, 3195
cabbage,
cauliflower,
tamato
Spices Chilli, 352
ginger,
turmeric
Others if any

5.10 Cropping intensity:

Agricultural land use Area(ha.) Cropping intensity
Net sown area 28776
Area sown more than once 12208 142.3%
Gross cropped area 40984

5.11 Cropping Pattern: Package of practices followed (Crops and ruling Var., Agril.
machineries used, Fertilizer application, Weed management practices, any others)
Sl.
Crop Ruling Varieties
No.
1 PADDY KUDRAT3,JAMUNA,SILKY,DIBREKHA;PUJA,VEENA
11,HARDIL,DIBREKHA,SWARNA
2 GROUNDNUT SMRUTI,TAG-24,GPBD-4,K-6
3 SUNFLOWER KBSH-1,KBSH-44,MODERN
4 MUNG PDM-54,PDM-11,PDM-139,SUJATA
5 BLACKGRAM PRASAD,UJJALA
6 BRINJAL Arka Rakshak
7 OKRA Radhika
8 TOMATO Blue Star

5.12 Farm Mechanisation (Agricultural Implements)

Quantity Cost of
Sl. No Name
available implements
1 TRACTOR 657 174000
2 POWER TILLER 316 784000
3 TRANSPLANTER 5 145000
4 PUMPSET 95 45000
5 MULTI CROP 123 250000
THRESHER
6 MINI RICE MILL 5 14100
7 POWERWEEDER 55 150000

17
5.13 Fertilizer use pattern in the district
a) Chemical Fertilizer
Sl. Trade Name Quantity
Name
No. used(MT)
1 Nitrogen UREA 28776
2 Phosphorous DAP 1643
3 Potash MOP 1220
4 Composite Fertilizer 20-20-0 1303
5 Other fertilizers if any Total complex 4411
b) Bio fertiliser
Sl. Name Quantity
No. used
1 Azotobacter 0
2 Azospirillum 0
3 PSB 0
4 Mycorhizae 0
5 Others (if any) 0
c) Green Manure
Sl. Quantity
Name
No. used(MT)
1 Dhanicha 110
2 Sunhemp -
3 Blue Green Algae -
4 Others (if any) -

5.14 Pesticide use pattern in the Block (Quantity in MT)

a) Bio Pesticide
Sl. Quantity used
Name
No. (MT)
1 Neem 10
2 Fungal bio-pesticide -
3 Bacterial bio-pesticide -
4 Others (if any)

b) Chemical Pesticide
Name of Quantity
Sl. No. Category Trade Name
chemical used
1 Insecticides Sevin/Mercapto Carbaryl/malathio 200 Kg
thion n
2 Fungicides Baycor/ Kavach Carbendazim 80Kg
3 Bactericides Streptomycin Tetramycin 45 Kg
4 Herbicides Machete/Prowl Butachlor/ 60Kg
Pendimethalin
5 Rodenticide Phosvin KP ZincPhosphide 40Kg
s

18
5.15 Information on livestock & Animal Husbandry Resources

Population
Sl. No. Name Breed (in‟000)
1 Indigenous Red 40910
cows sindhi,sahiwal
2 Cross bred Holestine,jersy 6290
cows
3 Buffaloes Murrah 3840
4 Sheep Bolangir sheep 5792
5 Goats Black bengal 17708
6 Pigs - 82612
7 Poultry Desifowl,banaraj 48232
8 Ducks

5.16 Information on Fisheries Resources

Area under fish production:
Sl.
Category Production (MT)
No.
Total Fish 1167.5
1
production
2 Inland 1167.5
3 Marine 0

6. Salient features of the Schemes / Modules

6.1 Scheme/Module -1 (Pest Surveillance/E-pest Surveillance) Pest surveillance is
conducted to study the abundance of a pest species. The main aim is to know the existing
and new pest species (invasion) and to estimate the crop losses. It also assesses pest
population and damage at different growth stages of crop. It monitors the development of
biotypes, resistance, resurgence, etc. It also helps in the study of the influence of weather
parameters on pest and changing pest status (minor to major). This study will give advance
knowledge of probable pest infestation and will help to plan cropping patterns and to get best
advantage of pest control measures. This scheme ensures that farmers get pest advisory
information within shortest possible time helping in preventing/curing pests, reducing
unnecessary use of pesticides, and use right pesticides in right volume, reducing farm
production cost.

6.2 Scheme/Module -2 (Availability of Fertilizers)- Fertiliser availability scheme aims to

ensure sufficient availability of the fertilisers to the farmers prior to the cropping season.
Under this scheme the amount of fertiliser indent and sale to the farmers is all carried out
through mfms portal, where the details of the fertiliser required by the farmers and the
amount of fertiliser sold to the farmers by the retailers are updated. The entire movement,

19
from manufacturers to wholesalers/dealers are tracked by MFMS fertiliser movement to
dealer‟s portal and sale by retailers is captured trough the POS machine. The scheme ensures
compulsory usage of POS machine by the retailers while selling fertilisers to the farmers.
Timely updation of data in the MFMs portal by the dealers or whole sellers should be done.
Purchase should be carried out with proper aadhar authentication by the farmers through the
biometric scanning in POS machine.

6.3 Scheme/Module -3 (Availability of Seeds)- The main aim of seed availability

assessment is to ensure timely availability of seeds to the farmer and in sufficient quantity.
Apart from this the department of agriculture is concerned about 3 ratios which includes-
Seed multiplication ratio, seed replacement ratio and seed rate. The decrease in seed
multiplication ratio and an increase in seed replacement ratio ensure better and certified
quality seeds being used in value chain. The department targets to increase the SRR to 33%
from about 15-20%.
This scheme focuses on seed indentation process and seed distribution process. Seed
indentation is the process of gathering seeds required at the ground level. While seed rolling
plan determines the production calendar for OSSC, seeds indent collected governs the
distribution and sales of seeds. Seed distribution ensures that the certified seeds are
subsidised by direct benefit transfer and distributed online to the farmers through PACs and
dealers. For every farmer, a farmer ID is generated and the registered farmer then gets DBT
subsidised seeds from PACs/dealers with a price fixed by the state seed pricing committee.

6.4 Scheme/Module -4 (Availability of Pesticides)- Since Odisha is one of the worst pest-
affected states, therefore, there is a need to survey the farmers on the availability of
pesticides and on the varieties that they desire. In this scheme, financial assistance is
transferred to the beneficiary (selected by VAW) through web based mobile app developed
by NIC. The beneficiary will purchase their need based agril. inputs from a registered dealer
of the district in subsidized rate and the dealer will issue cash memo online, which will be
reflected in the report page scheme-wise to the BAO/ADO/CDAO. After confirmation by the
AAO/BAO/ADO, the financial assistance as per the above scheme norm will be transferred
to the beneficiary through PFMS/DBT from the Directorate/CDAO. Until preparation of
App by NIC, the offline system, i.e. permit system will be continuing.

6.5 Scheme/Module -5 (Dakshyata)- Dakshyata is an Employee Incentive Program

designed under Hon‟ble Chief Minister‟s 5T vision. The program aims to build a robust
performance management system for identification and recognition of top performing
employees. Dakshyata was rolled out on 18th June 2020; the program has been designed
with a consultative approach over last 9 months. Dakshyata is currently being implemented
across Agriculture and Horticulture Directorates. Performance of field staff is measured on 5
major components, using which a score card for each employee is created. Data for the
scorecards are aided by Decision Support System and the Agri Extension App.

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6.6 Scheme/Module -6 (BALRAM)- BALRAM (Bhoomihina Agriculturist Loan and
Resources Augmentation Model) was conceptualized by NABARD and launched on 04 th
September 2020 by the Department of Agriculture and Farmers‟ Empowerment, aiming to
provide institutional credit to 5 lakh landless farmers by leveraging the social capital through
formation of Joint Liability Groups. Banks provide collateral free loans (upto 1.6 lakhs per
JLG). Krushak Sathis enable the formation of Joint Liability Groups by grouping landless
farmers in their G.P.s. The department has to issue Certificate of Cultivation (CoC) to the
landless farmers to avail loans, and NABARD incentivizes Krushak Sathis for formation of
Joint Liability Groups and timely repayment of loans.

6.7 Scheme/Module -7 (Decision Support System &Agri-Extension App.)- The app is

constructed to improve the quality of services provided by extension force on the ground.
The objective of the scheme delivery module is to improve accessibility of schemes to the
right beneficiary at the right time. Four modules, namely, Schemes, Farmer Database, Form
Submission, GP Sitting are the modules under which training is conducted. The performance
of VAWs is monitored by the DAFE.
6.8 Scheme/Module -8 (Farm Pond) - ) Construction of farm ponds i.e, “Every willing
Farmer to have a farm pond” has been conceptualised to supplement the water scarcity
during critical junctures and particularly to provide life-saving irrigation during Kharif.
Concurrently, the aim is also to popularise Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) which will
stabilise a farmer‟s income and help to counter frequent extreme weather events. Three sizes
of Farm Ponds have been selected to be excavated on the Agricultural land depending upon
the land holding of the farmers: 10 m ×10 m × 3 m, 15 m ×15 m × 3 m and 20 m ×20 m × 3
m.
6.9 Scheme/Module -9 (Irrigation)- Irrigation plays a significant role in poverty reduction
and economic growth. The State Government is giving high priority to Irrigation
Development. The state has a cultivated land of 61.80 lakh hectares out of which irrigation
is provided to 4307 th. ha. in kharif and 1951 th. ha. in rabi. It has been assessed that 49.90
lakh hectares (80.74%) can be brought under irrigation coverage through major, medium and
minor (flow & lift) irrigation projects. A storage capacity of 17.34 BCM has so far been
developed through completed major, medium and minor (flow) projects while projects under
construction will provide an additional 1.77 BCM. There are 11 major & 48 medium
irrigation projects in the state. After accessing the quantum of water available in reservoirs,
irrigation project is decided by irrigation authorities, which is then informed to DAO to
decide the cropping pattern in that area.
6.10 Scheme/Module -10 (BTT Meeting)- At block level, Block Technological Team
(BTT), a multi-disciplinary technology team, has been assigned to organise and implement
extension programmes and integrate extension activities within the block, thereby becoming
the operational arm of ATMA. Block Technology Centre (BTC) is the common meeting
point for extension personnel from the line departments to prepare integrated work plans
(WPs) and co-ordinate their implementation.

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Composition: Block level officers of Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry,
Fisheries, Plant Protection, Veterinary Science, Soil Conservation, Extension, Sericulture,
Corporative, Marketing etc. The senior most officials irrespective of the participating
departments head the Block Technology Team as BTT convenor.
Functions: Carrying out periodic participatory rural appraisal (PRA) to identify the problems
and constraints faced by different socio-economic groups of farmers within the block,
preparing an integrated strategic Extension Technology Plan for the block that would specify
extension priorities for the block (these priorities should reflect the important farmer's
constraints identified during the PRA), preparing annual work plan and budget provisions
that would be submitted to the Farmer Advisory Centre concerned of Block for review,
possible modification and approval, coordinating the execution of these annual work plans
through participatory of these staff of line departments, KVK, RHRS, Mashobra, NGO, FICs
and allied institution, maintaining appropriate project accounts for the submissions to ATMA
for audit and extension of annual action plan and submission of progress report to Project
Director, ATMA.

7. Salientfeatures of other Central & State Govt. sponsored

Schemes/Programmes
(MKUY,KALIA, PMFBY, PMKSY,SouraJalanidhi, Farm Mechanization, Soil Health
Card etc.)
MKUY - It was established on 01.03.1996 as envisaged in State Agriculture Policy 1996. It
started functioning since 01.06.1996 with the sole objective of promoting agro-based
industries/food processing industries including commercial agriculture/horticulture/animal
husbandry/fisheries, in broad terms to promote investment in Agriculture and allied sectors.
The Agricultural Promotion and Investment Corporation of Odisha Limited (APICOL), a
Government of Odisha undertaking, coming up as a promotional organisation for providing
assistance to agricultural enterprises in the state of Odisha. Apicol would promote enterprises
in agriculture within the state with suitable guidance for project formulation, counseling,
enterprise development and assistance in project implementation with a vision to bring in a
shift from subsistence agriculture to commercial agriculture.

KALIA- The government of Odisha has launched the Krushak Assistance for Livelihood
and Income Augmentation (KALIA) scheme, which would benefit about 92% of the farmers
in the State. The government has earmarked Rs 10,180 Cr. for KALIA in 3 years. The
scheme will provide financial, livelihood, cultivation support along with insurance support to
small, marginal and the landless farmers.
Eligibility for KALIA Scheme:
All small and marginal farmers along with landless agricultural households, vulnerable
agricultural household, landless agricultural labourers and sharecroppers/actual cultivators
are eligible under different components of KALIA.

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Benefits available to cultivators for cultivation under KALIA scheme.
Financial aid of Rs.25000 per farm family over five seasons will be provided to small and
marginal farmers so that they can purchase seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and use assistance
towards labour. This scheme has come into effect from the ongoing (2018-19) Rabi season.
Financial assistance of Rs 12500/ will be provided to each landless agricultural household
for agricultural allied activities such as goat rearing, small layer poultry units, duckery units,
fishery kits for fishermen, mushroom cultivation, bee-keeping and so on.
Vulnerable cultivators/landless agricultural labourers will get financial assistance of Rs
10,000 per family per year to enable them to take care of their sustenance. The
cultivator/landless agricultural labourers who are in old age, having disability/ disease and
are vulnerable for any other reason will benefit from the scheme. Five lakh families will be
covered every year.

PMFBY- Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana is a crop insurance scheme designed by central
government to indemnify farmers against the loss of crop measured by crop yield due to
natural calamities and other unforeseen situations. This scheme aims at providing financial
support to farmers suffering crop loss/damage. Stabilizing the income of farmers to ensure
their continuance in farming. Sustainable agricultural production and enhancement of
farmer‟s income. Encouraging the farmers to adopt innovative and modern agricultural
practices. There are 8 crops covered under this scheme these include- paddy, groundnut,
maize, arhar, ragi, cotton, ginger and turmeric. This scheme involves the risk associated with
– prevented sowing/transplanting/germination failure, standing crop or mid-season adversity,
localised calamity, post-harvest loss, crop loss outside the purview of insurance. The
insurance is given on the basis of area approach.

PMKSY- This scheme of micro irrigation is implemented in the state as a centrally

sponsored scheme under the component „per drop more crop‟ since 2015-16. The major
objectives of this scheme is to increase productivity of crops and income of farmers through
precision water management, promote micro-irrigation technologies in water intensive/
consuming crops like sugarcane, banana, cotton etc. and give adequate focus to extend
coverage of field crops under micro-irrigation technologies, make potential use of micro-
irrigation system for fertigation, link tube-well/ river lift irrigation projects with micro
irrigation technologies for best use of energy both for lifting and pressurised irrigation as far
as possible, create employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially
unemployed youth for installation and maintenance of micro-irrigation systems. The
assistance for installation is limited to 5ha per beneficiaries, those beneficiaries who have
already availed subsidy benefits for his/her farm, cannot avail the assistance for the next
seven years. The total financial assistance available to the beneficiary under this scheme for
small and marginal farmers is 90% and for others is 80%.

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SAURA JALANIDHI
This scheme was launched by the government of Odisha to encourage use of solar energy in
irrigation by farmers. Under this scheme farmers will be given 90% subsidy and 5000 solar
pumps. This will provide irrigation benefits in2500 acres of the state. The beneficiary of this
scheme will be farmers who have availed farmer identity cards and have a minimum 0.5
acres of agricultural land. Farmers will be provided with a well-equipped solar pump
irrigation system in convergence mode. It will help to reduce burden of input cost on farmers
and also increase agricultural income. It will promote the use of green energy and reduce
pollution.
FARM MECHANISATION
The major objective of the scheme is to popularise the use of farm machineries in order to
cut down the labour cost involved in the farming system and bring in the precise cultivation
system into the real field. The funding pattern of the scheme includes 90% of central govt.
share and 10% of state government share. It provides 50-75% of subsidies on the farm
implements which has given a boost to the farm machinery popularisation in the state by
increasing the farm power input. The scheme is focused on providing farm mechanisation to
small and marginal farmers where the power supply is low. It is focussed on offsetting
adverse economies of scale and higher cost of ownership of high value farm equipment‟s by
promoting custom hiring centre for agriculture machinery.
SOIL HEALTH CARD
This scheme is one of the most important interventions under National Mission for
sustainable Agriculture. It aims at promoting integrated nutrient management through
judicious use of chemical fertilisers in conjunction with organic manures and bio-fertilisers
for improving soil health and its productivity and strengthening soil and fertiliser testing
facilities to provide soil test based recommendations to farmers for improving soil fertility.
This aims to issue SHC to all farmers in every 2/5 years to enable them to address nutrient
deficiency. Strengthen soil testing laboratories through capacity building. To diagnose soil
fertility related constraints with standardised procedure for soil sampling and analysis and
design block level fertiliser recommendations. To develop and promote soil test based
nutrient management to enhance nutrient use efficiency (NUE).

8.1. Role of Agril. Development Associatesin the above

Schemes/Prog./Modules
 Associates were required to do pest surveillance on standing crops of their allocated
Gram Panchayat through the e-Pest app.
 Associates were required to survey fertilizer dealers on online inventory and PoS
machine upgradation. Farmers were to be surveyed based on their need of fertilizer.
 Associates were required to survey farmers based on their need of seed and pesticides
in relation to variety, queries during buying, etc.
 Associates were required to create awareness regarding Dakshyata, its components,
weightage, improvements, etc., among extension workers and officers.
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  Associates were required to survey queries regarding BALRAM with Krushak Sathis.
 Associates were required to survey and train AAO, AHO, ASCO, VAW, HEW,
SCEW regarding different modules of DSS and Agri-Extension App.
 Associates were required to survey views and queries of farmers regarding farm pond
and MKUY.
 Associates were required to attend BTT meeting to know about block action plans and
queries being discussed.

8.2. Activities done under diff. schemes/modules in the assigned

Block/GP/Village(s)etc.

Distribution of PMFBY pamplets, PoS updatation,Line sowing of paddy,Interaction with

Fertiliser dealers,creation of UpiId,Creating awareness regarding MKUY,Survey on seeds,
fertilisers, pesticides,farmpond,Interactions with Officers about Dakshyata,Agri-extension
app,DSS,Interaction with KrushakSathis about BALRAM,Attending BTT
meeting,Exposurevisits,E-pest,Campaign on seed treatment,Crop Cutting Program.

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8.2.1 About the KUS App and its use by the student Associates

KUS app and its use by associates

The KUS app has been developed by Department of Agriculture and Farmer‟s
Empowerment in collaboration with ADAPT project for digitally recording the responses
of the field assessments conducted by Agriculture Development Associates across the
focus blocks of the states. The data recorded on the application is analyzed and relevant
action is taken to resolve the agricultural issues identified on the ground. It has features
like offline sync ability and GIS location recording. Student associates used the KUS app
to mark their daily attendance and fill the forms of respective tasks as provided by
ADAPT team.

8.2.2 Seed availability assessment

Activities undertaken in details
No. of village No. of farmers (Training, Demonstration, awareness
covered surveyed campaign, no. of dealers/retailers
contacted, Agro-advisory etc.)

1. Visited seed dealers and retailers to

collect data on available varieties.
2. Discussion about varieties currently
used by farmers
5 92 3. Collect data regarding
seesavailability from farmers and filled
seed availability forms
4. Aware the farmers regarding
alternate high yielding variety

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8.2.3 Availability of pesticides
Activities undertaken in details
No. of villages No. of farmers (Training, Demonstration, awareness
covered surveyed campaign, no. of dealers/retailers
contacted, Agro-advisory etc.)

1. Visited pesticide retailers and

4 110
dealers and collect the information
regarding whether they are giving
receipt or not
2. Discussed about they are
selling loose
3. Survey farmers and filled
availability of pesticide fuel on KUS
app
4. Encouraged farmers to
covered clothing during spray
5. Asked the dealers whether they
are using computer or not .

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8.2.4 Availability of fertilizers
Activities undertaken in details
No. of villages No. of farmers (Training, Demonstration, awareness
covered surveyed campaign, no. of dealers/retailers
contacted, Agro-advisory etc.)

1. Visited and encouraged dealers to

regularly update data on MFMS portal
2. Understood the reason for lack of
data updation in this app

4 115 3. Interacted with farmers

collected data and filled fertilizer
availability form on KUS app
4. Spread awareness regarding
imported fertilizers and convinced
them to use the imported fertilizer.

8.2.5 Pest Surveillance/E-Pest Surveillance

Activities undertaken in details
No. of villages No. of farmers
(Training, Demonstration, awareness
covered surveyed
campaign, Advisory etc.)

5 12 1. 1.Visited to the infected field with

our VAW and filled the forms in e –

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 pest app.
2. 2.Visited different affected fields
of farmers and identified the pests in
rice feel like BPH and BLB
3. Also found some other pests like
stem borer leaf folder etc
4. Interact with farmers about the
management practices

8.2.6 Dakshyata
Date & time
Activities undertaken in details (No.
of Officials with whom
of survey on Dakshyata forms filled
visit to the interacted
up in KUS App. etc.)
Offices
We interacted with G.P. officers and
Block officers (AAO,VAW, HEW, )
regarding Dakshyata, how it
measures their performance, skill and
29 Oct. 2021 scores them, and how the score board
20 Nov. 2021 was helpful in improving their
26 Nov. 2021 working skills on a daily basis. We
also trained extension workers
regarding incentive structure and how
to view their report card on Agri-
Extension app.

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8.2.7 BALRAM
Activities undertaken in details
Date & time
No. of (Training, awareness campaign,
of visit to the
KrushakSaathis met follow-up, reporting of issues
G.P.s
relating to BALRAM etc.)
Along with 4 Krushak Sathis, we
interacted with the concerned farmers
creating awareness about BALRAM
11 Nov. 2021
Scheme and explained how they could
25 Nov. 2021 4
be benefited by it. The queries recorded
2 Dec. 2021
after interaction with our Krusak Sathis
are (i) Formation of JLGs (ii) Bank
loan insurance

8.2.8 Farm Pond & Irrigation

Activities undertaken in details
No. of villages No. of farmers (Farmer interaction, awareness, no.
covered surveyed of forms filled-up & uploaded in
KUS App. etc.)

1.Survey was done regarding

awareness about the farm pond among
the farmers and no of farmers opted for
3 92
the same. Issues faced by farmers were
recorded and a survey was filled for
each farmer. Total 120 no forms were
uploaded.

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 2.We interacted with farmers about the
additional income they could generate
if they have required land area to
develop farm pond. It will provide life-
saving irrigation; aquaculture and its
embankment can be used for growing
short term fruit crops.

8.2.9 Decision Support System and Agri-Extension App.

Activities undertaken in details
No. of
No. of farmers (Updating farmer level information,
villages
surveyed Field verification, creating farmer
covered
database, training etc.)
We surveyed the block officers (AAO,
AHO and ASCO) and extension
officers (VAW, HEW, and SCEW) and
collected information regarding the
module they use the most (schemes,
6 300 issue resolution), issues faced while
using it and took suggestions for
additional functionality. We trained the
block officers on Schemes, Dakshyata
and BALRAM under DSS Training.
Updating Farmers Database.

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8.2.10 MKUY
No. of Activities undertaken in details
No. of farmer
village (Personal contct, Group discussion,
interactions made
covered Uploading forms on KUS App etc.)
We asked farmers about the MKUY
scheme, its benefits and how to opt for
it along with the issues faced by them to
avail the scheme and filled the
5 110 respective forms. We were able to
collect ground level information about
their problems in the scheme. The major
issue pointed was lack of awareness
support .

8.2.11 BTT Meetings

Date of Activities undertaken
attending Imp. issues discussed (Coordinating,up-loading forms on
meeting KUS App etc.)

1. Schemes
implementation like
BALARAM and
KALIA etc Different farmers issue like irrigation ,
2. Discussed about the farm pond, DFI etc were discussed
6 Dec. 2021
farm pond Discussion over the application of
17Dec. 2021
3. Different farm plans farmers eligible for Integrated farming
to improve the system
farming system
4. Farmers problem
about urea demand

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8.2.12. Other activities
Visit to KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA(O.U.A.T)

33
9.0Farm Family Survey Schedules and plan for doubling their income

10.0 Experience gained from involvement in the programme

The two month RAWE programme gave a way more experience towards practical field. It is
like a lab to land programme.
On first day I met our BAO and AAO , attended a camp on soil health card at Hirlipali
panchayat.
The main activities in which I was associate with were updating farmer`s database on Agri.
Extension App of Tamparsara panchayat with VAW and Krushak Saathi, pest surveillance,
creating awareness among farmers about different govt schemes like BALARAM,MKUY
etc. During this farmer interaction I was very happy to see the interest of farmers to know
about different schemes.
Being a KUS associate I had also surveyed different fertilizer dealers. During this survey I
found many of them are using POS machine but some of them are providing fertilizer to
farmers without asking for adhar no. Due to this scarcity of fertilizer is usually seen.
During this two months I had got a chance to visit KVK . There was a training programme
going on with the pesticide dealers. The training was about integrated pest management
which I found very beneficial for farmers and consumers.
Got an opportunity to attend the demonstration programme of agricultural crop and
horticultural crop with BAO, AAO and AHO.
Visited KVK Bargarh and interacted with Agriculture scientists.
Attended a seed treatment demonstration camp with AAO ma`am.
Overall the programme helped me to learn a lot more about Farmer and Agriculture in my
Block , the problems faced by the farmers, how they overcome their problems , indigenous
innovative ideas etc.

11.0 Suggestion and recommendations

1. Farmers must be made to understand that they know something that we don't and we
know something that they don't and we need to share our knowledge to improve.
2. One time money deposit is a major turnoff for farmers to get involved in various schemes
like farm mechanization and PMKSY micro irrigation as they get subsidy later. They
should get equipment in subsidised price.
3. In various villages of sahaspur Panchayat, number of farmers have non irrigated land but
still they are giving water tax. So, the needy and eligible farmers are not getting benefited.
So water tax data should be revised.
4. Farmers are facing issues while using Ama krushi service.So, it would be better if
time lapse is reduced between call and reply.
5. Some CSC don‟t know detailed procedure for filling PMFBY form. They should be
given training.
6. Farmers should be encouraged to go for direct seeding of rice.
7. Most farmers in maneswar block are applying pesticide and fertilizers
simultaneously. They should be advised against it.
8. Soil health card and Aadhar card should become mandatory to buy fertilizer to reduce
its excess use.

34
9. Farmers must be given chance of independently interacting with farmers who have
already taken up schemes and benefitted from other villages.
10. the educated youth farmers who are enthusiastic and risk taking should be focus an
officials and should be encouraged to go for farming.

12.0 Summary and conclusion

This RAWE program to the block provided a practical oriented opportunity and hands on
experience in acquiring knowledge and skill. We were able to reach out to the farmers and
were able to know the real socio economic situation of the block and problems at the field
level. This program opened us a lane to interact with farmers and understand their situation
better. It helped us in realising the true value of agriculture and the importance of the
subjects in real life. It has equipped us with necessary armour to face the challenges of
farming community and the rural community as a whole. It was a blissful experience to learn
on field with the farmers.

(Full Signature of the Student)

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