Ancient Egypt - The Judgment of the Dead

This scene shows the judgment of the dead in the presence of Osiris. The original was found in the “Book of the Dead of Hunefer”
created in the 19th Dynasty, around 1275 BC (around 3300 years ago).
4

1. Anubis lead Hunefer to the Hall of

3. Hunefer is escorted to Osiris by
Truth.
2 Horus, Osiris’ son.

1 Anubis
Hall of Truth 3
The judgment scales

Hunefer (the dead) Hunefer’s heart Maat’s feather

(Representing his 4. Osiris conferred with 42 judges and, if they
Amut (beast-like God agreed that the soul was justified, the person
good or bad deeds)
with a crocodile head) would pass onto the “Field of Reeds” which was
2. Anubis supervised the weighing of the a paradise where the person was given back all
heart and feather on the judgment scales. of the things taken by death, including their
If the heart was heavier than the feather, favourite things, loved ones who had died
the heart was eaten by Amut and the before and their long lost pets. In order to get
person lost their soul. If it was not heavier into the Field of Reeds, you must also have
than the feather, he was taken to Osiris. your name written down somewhere.
@MrsSwano
 The way of life in Ancient Egypt
Hieroglyphics Social structure
We learn about Ancient Egypt from Pharaohs
hieroglyphics written on tomb walls. These Pharao One king ruled ancient Egypt from about 5000
were written by scribes of Ancient Egypt. h years ago. They were later called Pharaohs.
Scribes were very important.
They kept records for the Nobles Pharaohs were also seen as Gods
pharaoh including a list of the The hieroglyphic alphabet and temples were built to worship
P them.
Scribes riests
pharaoh’s income and contains over 700 sounds.
possessions. These are some examples.
and Ac People believed that every thing and
ademic person in Egypt belonged to the Pharaoh
The Rosetta Stone was used to translate the
Hieroglyphs. It contained writing in 3 forms: Farme s and that they could even control the
Hieroglyphics, Demotic Egyptian and Greek. rs flooding of the Nile.
Crafts
people
Worke
Mathematics and astronomy Servan rs
Pyramids were built by early
ts and
Scribes wrote on papyrus, which is like paper but made from the slaves kings who commanded slaves.
papyrus plant.
Ancient Egyptian mathematicians Plotting the pattern of
invented: stars in the sky Temples, pyramids and sphinx
Early mathematics (like geometry, Finding the pole star to
Beliefs and religion The sphinx is a mythical
trigonometry algebra, volume and creature with the head of a
plot direction
area calculations) woman, the body of a lion and
Ra (the sun God) - wings. There is a sphinx
The sundial to tell time most important
365 day calendar based on the monument in Egypt.
Earth’s movement around its axis
Medicine and physicians They believed in life
after death, so they
Bodies were
preserved with
First people to try to find physical reasons Physicians (early doctors) would buried important spices and
for disease rather than use “magic” to heal examine sick people to find a cause. people in tombs with chemicals for the
people. They would give medicines including things they would afterlife - called Temples were built where
asprin. need in the afterlife. mummies
They knew that the heart , blood offerings were made to
This is the word for Priests were appointed to take offerings. the Gods.
and air were important to humans. doctor in hieroglyphics. They became very rich and powerful. @MrsSwano
 Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
There were many Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. These are just a few of the important ones.

Horus Isis Osiris Anubis

God of the sky The Mother Goddess Ruler of the underworld and God of Mummification and
Egyptians believed that the The wife of Osiris and judge of the dead, Osiris was guardian to Necropolis. Priests
Pharaoh was the ‘living mother of Horus, Isis helped the husband of Isis. often wore Anubis masks
Horus” bring Osiris back to life. during mummification.

Thoth Set Ra Maat

The ‘Ibis’ God of magic, God of Darkness The Sun God The Egyptian Goddess of
wisdom, writing and the moon. Osiris’ brother, he is linked to Ra is believed to be the truth, justice and the cosmic
eclipses, storms and thunder. creator of the world and is order.
the most worshiped.

@MrsSwano
 The Geography of Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a farming kingdom in North Africa.
It was formed around the Nile River which provided rich, fertile
soil.
The Nile as it is normally
Asia
EAN SEA
Egypt MEDITERRAN
“Black Land” The Nile in flood
LOWER EGYPT Fertile, black
Memphis mud left over
after the
Africa flooding. Suitable
MIDDLE EGYPT for planting
NILE RIVER The Nile River flooded once a year. Once
crops.
the water drained away, it left behind very
fertile soil for farming.

RE
D
This made it easy to grow crops. Just

SE
Thebes scatter seeds, stamp them into the ground
UPPER EGYPT

A
and watch them grow.

Farmers planted barley and wheat and

harvested their crops in summer.

10 000 Years Ago 7 000 Years Ago Now

Canals were built to carry water
from the Nile to farms that could
- Farmers lived along the - People came from - Many crops are grown not be next to the river.
banks of the Nile River. Palestine, Syria and Nubia to along the Nile in the fertile
- Farmers from Libya and farm along the Nile. soil, including cotton, rice,
other parts of Africa - Soon, there were many clover and sugar cane as Many people worked together to build the irrigation systems.
moved here when their small villages along the Nile. well as different types of Leaders were chosen by the villagers to direct work.
land started to dry up. beans, citrus fruits, Sometimes small villages joined together to form a bigger
- They kept animals and tomatoes and potatoes. village under one ruler. The leaders grew more powerful as
hunted wild animals. the villages grew bigger.
@MrsSwano