Art of Ancient Mesopotamia  1st to develop a writing system  Looks like Pyramids, but the

called cuneiform. sides are zigzagged that looks

 Built megaliths called Ziggurats like stairs or steps.
 Used as temples to honor their
Cuneiform
different gods

Ancient Mesopotamia
 Located Syria and Iraq
 Made up of different Nations
and Civilization
 Used as series of shapes and
Sumerians lines to represent an object and
written ion clay tablets.
Ziggurats

 Were one of the dominant of

groups
Arts of Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian
The pharaoh would need in the
afterlife.
 Life centered on their gods
 Were led by Pharaohs which
were believed to be gods
themselves and were treated
like such.
 Pyramids are signs of great
respects for their god-king
Pyramids  Monumental
 The largest was the Great
Pyramids of Giza also Known
as the Pyramid of khufu or the
Pyramid of Cheops
Pyramid of Giza
 Used as tombs for the pharaohs
 Inside are the following
- Foods
- Jewelries
- Other luxuries
 Originally designed with the
base of 230.4 m and a height of
about 145-146m
 Due to erosion and vandalism,
its height has been reduced to
137-139m
 Constructed around 2580-2560
BCE
 Under the pyramid is the inner
 Servants were believed to be chamber that can be access by
buried alive with the pharaoh to tunnels.
serve him in the life after death.
  The pyramids we see are Egyptians Sarcophagus
shadows of its former glory
 Were once polish with white
limestones which made it stand
out against the yellow, sandy
background.

Chambers

 Bodies of the Died Pharaoh

were preserved by
mummification
 Make sure that the body is
protected in every possible way
 Was designed to resemble the
or else the soul of the Pharaoh
deceased pharaoh and was
will wander aimlessly for
ornately decorated.
eternity.
 Believes when the Pharaoh dies,
his soul would return to his
body.
 Where the pharaohs body was  Mummified bodies are placed in
kept. a coffin called sarcophagus.
 Some of the tunnels are dead
ends
Purpose
 To deter grave robbers
Egyptian drawings and Paintings
 Painting and carvings decorated
the interior of Egyptians
temples and pyramid
 Comic strips that illustrate the
life of the pharaoh and tells
stories of the gods and
goddesses
 Often found are Hieroglyphs
Hieroglyphs  Writing system that uses
characters that represent words
or phrase
Alphabetic
 Writing system composed of set
of letters
Facts
Ancient Egyptians artist rules in
 Are writing system of the creating artworks
ancient Egyptians  Had to draw the human body as
 Combination of logography and a whole
alphabetic  The head, arms, legs and feet
Logography must be drawn from the side,
but the eyes and shoulders are
shown in front view
 Used scale to signify
importance
 The pharaoh and all the other
divinities were predicted bigger
compared to common folks
Purpose
 So that the whole body can be
seen as a substitute in the
afterlife
Egyptians Sculptures
Sphinx
 Used to safeguard the pharaoh’s
body after death
 Statues in the image of the
Pharaoh were sculpted and were
placed near the sarcophagus
Facts
 In case the mummified body
was stolen or destroyed the soul
of the pharaoh can reincarnate
and use the stone statues or wall
paintings as a substitute body
 During the latter part in
Egyptian history, the practice of
burying the servants and wives
with the pharaoh was
discontinued.
 Statues of servants and love
ones of the pharaoh were used
to accompany him in the
afterlife.
Facts
 One of the best examples of
ancient sculptures
 Is a mythical creature who has a
head of a man and the body of
the lion.
 Was carved from limestone and
is the biggest of its kind in the
ancient world
 Is considered to be the world’s
largest monolithic statue
 Measures 73.5 m long,19.3 m
wide and 20.33m high
 Built during the pharaoh
Khafra’s rule around 2558-2532
BCE
 The statue or monument of the
sphinx is found in Giza near the
Great Pyramid
 The face of the sphinx
represents the Pharaoh Khafra
 Its nose and beard have eroded
through the passage of time
 Was used to honor the Pharaoh
Khafra as well as the sun God,
Horus.
 Demise of the Egyptian
civilization was due to many
contributing factors
 discontentment among its
citizens that led to political
instability.
 Instability made it easy for
Alexander the great or
Alexander III of Macedon to
defeat its armies.
 After Alexander the Great’s
conquest, Egypt was made into
a Roman province and bought
at the end of the mighty empire.
Classical Art Art of Ancient Greece Archaic period
- 600 B.C.E

Ancient Greece Classical Period (490 B.C.E)

 One of the most
enduring and influential
cultures in the
development of Western Art of Ancient Greeks is divided into 4
civilization. periods.
 Well known stories and
myths of their gods and
heroes
 Olympics originated
from ancient Greece
 Greet minds of ancient
Greece have influenced
and inspired modern-day
scientist and Geometric period (1000
philosophers.
 The idea of democracy
is a product of Ancient
Greece
- 490 B.C.E
- Start of Persian War
Hellenistic Period
- Reign of Alexander the Great
- 336-323 B.C.E
 The sculptures, painting,
architectures and music shows Facts
idea that ancient Greek’s value
- Ancient Greek art is they use
courage, valor and
Golden ratio to achieve a
independence.
perfect proportion.
Golden Ration
 Geometric period
 Archaic period
 Classical Period (490 B.C.E)
 Hellenistic Period (336-323
B.C.E)
- Represent the divine proportion
- Known as the dark ages of
- Equal to 1.618
ancient Greek art
- Based on the Fibonacci
- Started 1000 B.C.E
Sequence that defines the
-
 relationship between two
proportion.
- Rectangles that follow the
golden ratio is aesthetically
pleasing to their eye.
- They use the golden ration in
compositions and measurement
of their Sculptures, paintings
and building
- Greeks loved color
- Their arts whether painting,
sculpture or structure are
brightly painted
- But exposure to the sun and
other elements made the color
fade making it look like white
marbles.
Discobolus of Myron
 Discus thrower
 Famous sculpture during
ancient Greek
 Symmetry and well-
proportioned body
Greek Architecture
Ionic
3decorative style
 Doric
 Ionic
 Corinthian
Doric
 Simplest with broad and
rectangular capital that tops the
column
 First of the different orders
 Serves as transition point from
the imperial building materials
such as wood to more
permanent ones such as stone
marble and etc.
 Common order used Greek
architecture starting the late
seventh century BCE to the
early fifth century BCE
 Looks like scrolls
 Develop in Ionia a coastal
region of ANATOLIA, in the
idle of the sixth century BCE
and spread to the rest of Greece
by the fifth century BCE.
Corinthians
 Carved with stylized leaves of
the acanthus plant.
 Used both in Greek and Roman
structures
 Originated from the Greek city-
state of Corinth
Fact
 Earliest evidence of the use of
Corinthian capital was from the
temple of Apollo Epicurious
(Apollo the Helper) at Bassae
which is dated to have been
built around 450-400 BCE.
Temples
Greek temple design was perfected in
the form of the PARTHENON
Parthenon
 Most recognizable example of
architecture of the ancient
Greeks
 Built in honor of Athena, the
Greek goddess of wisdom and
patroness of the city
 Also used to celebrate the
strength of the Athenians as the
leader of the Greek coalition
against the Persian armies of
Darius and Xerxes.
 Built between 447-432 BCE
and is situated on top of the
acropolis
 Measure (30.88m x 69.5 m)
 Elevated on a platform and
surrounded by columns that
carry the weight of the
structure.
 The most decorative Greek
temple at the time
 92 high relief carvings at its top
 Largest Doric Greek temple
ever built
 Design bt the Greek architects
Iktinos and Kallikrates under
the supervision of the sculptor
Phidias
Greek Sculpture  Sculptures according how Athena In the Parthenon
perfect and ideal human form
 Nude sculpture were the norms
and robes gave the impression
of movement and realism
Male statues

 Greatest sculptural masterpieces

of ancient Greece
 Abundance with marble and  Stood close to 13m and was
limestone used for sculptures carved ivory for flesh part
 Bronze sculpture were made but  Dressed and armored in 1,140
 Sculptured with protruding eyes
few survive because they reuse kg of gold
 An angular chin
by later generation  Helmet is decorated with a
 Edge of the mouth curled up
 Subject of the sculpture is that Sphinx and 2 Griffins
 Giving the statue grin and more
gods and humans are the same  Shown holding a shield on her
lifelike
Archaic Period left side while holding Nike the
Hellenistic Period winged goddess of victory on
 Greek statues were stiff and her side
 Similar to classical period
rigid similar with the ancient  Also carries aegis the goat skin
 The statue of Athena in the
Egyptian statues. shield of Zeus embellished with
Parthenon sculpture by Pheidas
Classical Period around 438 BCE is the greatest the head of Medusa
sculptural masterpieces of  A snake is seen behind the
 Statues are refine and portray ancient Greece shield
human figures idealistics
  Precious stones were also used
to decorate the statue
 Sculpture by Pheidias around
Greek earthenware
438 BCE
 Back then only priest and
authorized people were allowed
to enter the chamber of Athena
 The statue is not only for honor
of the deity but also showcase
the wealth and power of the city
of Athens.
 The original statue was lost
Greek Pottery
 Were valued not just for its
function but its artistry
 Earthenware were not different
from other potteries
 As they are talented they
develop their style on their own
Fall of Greeks
 Are distinct
 The top and base of the jar are
decorated with geometric
patterns
 Middle is decorated with
drawings
 The subject are varied but the
most interesting ones are those
that told stories
 Idealized figures playing games,
Chariot racing or gods locked in
battle are examples
 Painted using black and
combined with either red or
orange
 The death of alexander the
Great in 323 BCE created
turmoil within the Greek empire
o Alexander’s general
warred among
themselves
o Continued conflicts
amog Greece’s city
states made them weak
o The Roman took
advantage of this
instability and invaded
 Greece and made it their
territory
o Became a province of
Rome in146 BCE