( )

dCA 1 dX X
ra = =k 1 C A =k 1−
dt X dt X∞
N=N o e
−k d t
N A o −N o
x a=
( )
N Ao 1 ∆X X
k= ÷ 1−
X ∆t X∞
μ max S CA
μ= C Ao=
K s+ S (1−x ¿¿ A)¿
∆ T 1−∆ T 2 lnC A =lnC A o + k 1 t
∆ T LMTD =
ln ∆ T 1 / ∆T 2
Q=UA ∆ T −ln(1−¿ x ¿¿ A )=kt ¿ ¿
NA d Ca C A=C Ao ( 1−X A ) hD
J A= =−D AB Nu=
a dy N A =N Ao (1− X A ) k
−∆ X 3
D g❑ T
2
Du
Y X/S= Gr= ℜ=
∆S μb
2 μb
−∆ P C p μb Ni D
2
Y P/ S = Pr= ℜi =
∆S k fb μb
¿
N A =k L a (C AL −C AL )
V F Ao=F A + F Ao X A ln X 2−ln X 1
τ= μnet =
v F A=F Ao (1− X A ) t 2−t 1
C Ao V
¿
F Ao F Ao X A =(−r A )v
X max= X o +Y S o
Stirred liquid

( )
0.14
0.62 0.33 μb
Nu=0.9 ℜ i Pr
μw ❑

Flow in tubes without phase change

0.8 0. 4❑
Nu=0. 023 ℜ❑ Pr ❑

ECE4463 BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING DESIGN: FORMULA SHEETS

KLa determination