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◦
X X Kinetics
∆Hrxn = np ∆Hf◦p − nr ∆Hf◦r
X X d[A]
∆H ◦ = (bond E)r − (bond E)p − = k[A]m [B]n
X X dt
∆S ◦ = np Sp◦ − nr Sr◦
[A]0
0th: : [A]t = −kt + [A]0 =⇒ t 12 =
X X
∆G◦rxn = np ∆G◦f p − nr ∆G◦f r 2k
ln 2
1st: : ln[A]t = −kt + ln[A]0 =⇒ t 12 =
k
1 1 1
Equilibrium 2nd: : = kt + =⇒ t 12 =
[A]t [A]0 [A]0 k
jA + kB −
↽−
−⇀
− mC + nD Ea 1
ln k = ln A − ( )
[C]m [D]n R T
Kc = k1 Ea 1 1
[A]j [B]k ln = ( − )∗∗
pm pnD k2 R T2 T1
Kp = C
pjA pkB
Kp = Kc (RT )∆ngas
Electrochemistry
Kth = Kc Kp
∆G = −nF Ecell
◦ RT
Ecell = Ecell − ln Qth
−−
Ax By ↽−⇀
− xA
+y
+ yB −x nF
◦ 0.0591J/K
Ksp = [Ay+ ]x [B x− ]y Ecell = Ecell − log Qth
n
[H3 O+ ]eq
%ionization = · 100% (example)
[HA]0 **These are all formulas under the form
y 1
ln xx12 = R ( T2 − T11 )