Misc Acids and Bases
1L · atm = 101.3J [A− ]i
pH = pKa + log( )
P V = nRT [HA]i
[BH + ]i
pOH = pKb + log( )
[B]i
Thermochemistry Kw = Ka Kb
E = KE + CP E pH∆colour = pKa(indicator) ± 1
∆E = q + w
w = −P ∆V
∆H = qp
Thermo-Equilibrium
∆H = ∆E + P ∆V
qwater = mc∆T = ncm ∆T ∆G = ∆G◦ + RT ln(Qth )
qcal = Ccal ∆T ∆G◦ = −RT ln(Kth )
∆E = qv −∆H 1 ∆S ◦
ln Kth = ( )+
1 R T R
Pno dispersal =
2n K1 ∆H ◦ 1 1 ∗∗
ln = ( − )
∆Ssys + ∆Ssurr = ∆Suniv K2 R T2 T1
−∆H P1 ◦
∆Hvap 1 1
∆Ssurr = ln = ( − )∗∗
T P2 R T2 T1
∆G = ∆H − T ∆S
∆G = wmax
Sums
◦
X X Kinetics
∆Hrxn = np ∆Hf◦p − nr ∆Hf◦r
X X d[A]
∆H ◦ = (bond E)r − (bond E)p − = k[A]m [B]n
X X dt
∆S ◦ = np Sp◦ − nr Sr◦
[A]0
0th: : [A]t = −kt + [A]0 =⇒ t 12 =
X X
∆G◦rxn = np ∆G◦f p − nr ∆G◦f r 2k
ln 2
1st: : ln[A]t = −kt + ln[A]0 =⇒ t 12 =
k
1 1 1
Equilibrium 2nd: : = kt + =⇒ t 12 =
[A]t [A]0 [A]0 k
jA + kB −
↽−
−⇀
− mC + nD Ea 1
ln k = ln A − ( )
[C]m [D]n R T
Kc = k1 Ea 1 1
[A]j [B]k ln = ( − )∗∗
pm pnD k2 R T2 T1
Kp = C
pjA pkB
Kp = Kc (RT )∆ngas
Electrochemistry
Kth = Kc Kp
∆G = −nF Ecell
◦ RT
Ecell = Ecell − ln Qth
−−
Ax By ↽−⇀
− xA
+y
+ yB −x nF
◦ 0.0591J/K
Ksp = [Ay+ ]x [B x− ]y Ecell = Ecell − log Qth
n
[H3 O+ ]eq
%ionization = · 100% (example)
[HA]0 **These are all formulas under the form
y 1
ln xx12 = R ( T2 − T11 )
