Williams Hematology 10Th Edition Kenneth Kaushansky All Chapter

Williams Hematology 10th Edition
Kenneth Kaushansky
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y/
Kenneth Kaushansky
Marshall A. Lichtman
Josef T. Prchal
Marcel Levi
Linda J. Burns
David C . Linch
WILLIAMS
Hematology
10th Edition https://t.me/mebooksfree
Catalog
Cover.pdf ···················································································································································· 1
Copyright.pdf ·············································································································································· 2
Notice.pdf ···················································································································································· 3
Editors.pdf ··················································································································································· 4
Contributors.pdf ·········································································································································· 6
Preface.pdf ················································································································································ 34
Abbreviations and acronyms.pdf ··············································································································· 36
Contents.pdf ·············································································································································· 79
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Kenneth Kaushansky, MD, MACP
Senior Vice President, Health Sciences
Dean, Renaissance School of Medicine
Stony Brook University
Stony Brook, New York
Josef T. Prchal, MD
Professor of Hematology and Malignant Hematology
Adjunct in Genetics and Pathology
University of Utah & Huntsman Cancer Institute
Salt Lake City, Utah
1. interní klinika VFN a Ústav patologické fyziologie 1. LF School of Medicine
Universita Karlova, Prague, Czech Republic
Linda J. Burns, MD
Consultant and Senior Scientific Director
Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Marshall A. Lichtman, MD, MACP
Professor Emeritus of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Dean Emeritus, School of Medicine and Dentistry
James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York
Marcel Levi, MD, PhD, FRCP
Professor of Medicine
University College London Hospitals
London, United Kingdom
University of Amsterdam
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Amsterdam, The Netherlands
David C. Linch, FRCP, FRCPath, FMed Sci
Professor of Haematology
Cancer Program Director
UCL/UCLH Biomedical Research Centre
University College London


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Contributors
Full Chapter
Ranjana H. Advani, MD [96]
Division of Oncology
Department of Medicine
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Gheath Alatrash, DO, PhD [25]
Associate Professor
Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
Division of Cancer Medicine
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas
Doru T. Alexandrescu, MD [121]
Division of Dermatology
University of California, San Diego
VA San Diego Health Care System
San Diego, California
Carl E. Allen, MD, PhD [71]
Department of Pediatrics
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas
Karl E. Anderson, MD [59]
Division of Gastroenterology
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Galveston, Texas
Kenneth Anderson, MD [104, 106]
Director, Lipper Myeloma Center
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Kra Family Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Daniel A. Arber, MD [66]
Donald West and Mary Elizabeth King Professor and Chair of Pathology
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
David Avigan, MD [24]
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Farrukh T. Awan, MD, MS [91]
Associate Professor of Medicine
The University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Jennifer Babik, MD, PhD [31]
Division of Infectious Diseases
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Lina Badimon, PhD, FESC, FAHA [134]
Professor
Cardiovascular Science Program-ICCC
CiberCV
Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau
Barcelona, Spain
Robert A. Baiocchi, MD, PhD [89]
Professor
Division of Hematology
Department of Internal Medicine
Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Center
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
Kelty R. Baker, MD, FACP [52]
President
Kelty R. Baker, M.D. P.A.
Houston, Texas
Jacques Banchereau, PhD [21]
Director of Immunological Sciences
Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine
Farmington, Connecticut
Marije Bartels, MD, PhD [48]
Pediatric Hematologist
Van Creveldkliniek
University Medical Center Utrecht
Utrecht University
Utrecht, The Netherlands
Rafael Bejar, MD, PhD [86]
Moores Cancer Center
La Jolla, California
Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli, MD, PhD [27]
Professor of Hematology
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris–Paris Saclay
Université Paris Saclay

INSERM U935-INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure
Villejuif, France
Bruce Beutler, MD [19]
Center for the Genetics of Host Defense
University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Giada Bianchi, MD [104, 106]
Instructor in Medicine
Associate Director, Amyloidosis Program
Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Associate Physician
Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine
Brigham and Women's Hospital
David A. Bond, MD [89]
Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Center
Columbus, Ohio
Niels Borregaard,* MD, PhD [64]
The Granulocyte Research Laboratory
Department of Hematology
National University Hospital
Copenhagen, Denmark
Mettine H. A. Bos, PhD [112]
Assistant Professor
Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine
Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden, The Netherlands
Jonathan E. Brammer, MD [93]
Assistant Professor
James Cancer Center
Columbus, Ohio
Paul F. Bray, MD [111]
Professor of Internal Medicine
Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies
Program in Molecular Medicine
University of Utah
Alessandro Broccoli, MD, PhD [100]
Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli"
University of Bologna
Bologna, Italy
Virginia C. Broudy, MD [80]
Scripps Professor of Hematology
Department of Medicine (Hematology)
University of Washington (Hematology)
Seattle, Washington
Francis K. Buadi, MD [107]
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Harry R. Buller, MD, PhD [133]
Professor of Vascular Medicine
Department of Vascular Medicine
Amsterdam UMC
Amsterdam Medical Centers
Linda J. Burns, MD [1, 3]
Consultant and Senior Scientific Director
Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
John C. Byrd, MD [91]
Warren Brown Chair of Leukemia Research
Distinguished University Professor
Columbus, Ohio
Brad R. Cairns, PhD [10]
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Department of Oncological Sciences
Huntsman Cancer Institute
University of Utah School of Medicine
Michael A. Caligiuri, MD [5, 73, 77, 78]
Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Deana and Steve Campbell Physician-in-Chief Distinguished Chair
President, City of Hope National Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
Elias Campo, MD, PhD [95]
Hematopathopathology Section
Department of Anatomic Pathology
Hospital Clinic of Barcelona
University of Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain
Jaime Caro, MD [57]
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus
Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research
Sidney Kimmel Medical College
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Martin P. Carroll, MD [13]
Division of Hematology and Oncology
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Guillaume Cartron, MD, PhD [98]
Professor
Hematology Department
University Hospital of Montpellier
Montpellier, France
Alessandro Casini, MD, PD [124]
Staff Physician
Division of Angiology and Hemostasis
Faculty of Medicine
University Hospitals of Geneva
Geneva, Switzerland
Jorge J. Castillo, MD [108]
Clinical Director
Bing Center for Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Division of Hematological Malignancies
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;
Associate Professor
Carla Casulo, MD [101]
Associate Professor of Medicine, Oncology
Program Director, Hematology/Oncology Fellowship
Lymphoma Service
Wilmot Cancer Institute
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York
Bruce A. Chabner, MD [28]
Professor Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Richard W. Childs, MD [20]
Clinical Director
Chief, Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland
Theresa L. Coetzer, PhD [47]
Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology
School of Pathology
Faculty of Health Sciences
University of the Witwatersrand
Johannesburg, South Africa

Claudia S. Cohn, MD [138]
Associate Professor
Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Barry S. Coller, MD [111]
David Rockefeller Professor of Medicine
Head, Allen and Frances Adler Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology
Physician-in Chief, Rockefeller University Hospital
Vice President for Medical Affairs
Rockefeller University
New York, New York
Michiel Coppens, MD, PhD [131]
Amsterdam UMC
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
Gay M. Crooks, MB, BS [74]
Professor
Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine and Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles
David C. Dale, MD [63]
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington
Chi V. Dang, MD, PhD [13]
Scientific Director
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
New York, New York
Professor, The Wistar Institute
Utpal P. Davé, MD [4]
Co-Director, Hematopoiesis and Hematologic Malignancies Program
Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center;
Associate Professor of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology
R.L. Roudebush VA Medical Center
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Madhav V. Dhodapkar, MD [21]
Brock Chair and Professor of Hematology Oncology
Director, Winship Center for Cancer Immunology
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia
Michael Dickinson, MBBS (Hons), DMedSci, FRACP, FRCPA [97]
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
Royal Melbourne Hospital
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology
University of Melbourne
Melbourne, Australia
Angela Dispenzieri, MD [107]
Mayo Clinic
May Dong, BA [13]
Medical Student
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts
Anne G. Douglas, MD [67, 68]
Resident, Department of Neurology
Steven D. Douglas, MD [67, 68]
Professor of Pediatrics
Chief Section of Immunology
Senior Vice Chair, Pediatrics
Committee on Appointments and Promotions
Chair, Pediatrics
Committee on Prestigious Awards and Honors
Martin Dreyling, MD, PhD [99]
Department of Medicine III
LMU Hospital
Munich, Germany
Connie J. Eaves, PhD, FRS(C) [27]
Distinguished Scientist
Terry Fox Laboratory
British Columbia Cancer Research Institute
Professor
Department of Medical Genetics & School of Biomedical Engineering
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, Canada
Yvonne A. Efebera, MD, MPH [77]
Professor
Division of Hematology, Blood and Marrow Transplant
Director and Founder, Comprehensive Amyloidosis Clinic
Director, Careers in Internal Medicine

Columbus, Ohio
William B. Ershler, MD [8]
Director
Division of Benign Hematology
Inova Schar Cancer Institute
Inova Fairfax Hospital
Falls Church, Virginia
Miguel A. Escobar, MD [122]
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics
Director, Gulf States Hemophilia and Thrombophilia Center
University of Texas Health Science Center
McGovern Medical School
Houston, Texas
Andrew G. Evans, MD, PhD [101]
Director of Hematopathology
Associate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Rochester, New York
Ross M. Fasano, MD [56]
Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Amir T. Fathi, MD [28]
Brian J. Franz, PhD [137]
Vitalant
Phoenix, Arizona
Kathleen Freson, PhD [119]
Director of Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology
Professor
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
Aharon G. Freud, MD, PhD [93]
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
Columbus, Ohio
Jonathan W. Friedberg, MD, MMSc [101]
Director, Wilmot Cancer Institute
Samuel Durand Professor of Medicine and Oncology
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

Monica Fung, MD, MPH [31]
Stephen J. Galli, MD [66]
Professor of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford University Medical Center
Tomas Ganz, PhD, MD [38, 43, 44]
Departments of Medicine and Pathology
Terry B. Gernsheimer, MD [139]
University of Washington
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance
Seattle, Washington
Stanton L. Gerson, MD [26]
Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
Case Western Reserve University
University Hospital of Cleveland
Cleveland, Ohio
Morie A. Gertz, MD, MACP [107]
Mayo Clinic
Larisa J. Geskin, MD, FAAD [102]
Department of Dermatology
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York
David Ginsburg, MD [125]
James V. Neel Distinguished University Professor
Departments of Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and Pediatrics
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Elizabeth K.K. Glennon, PhD [14]
Postdoctoral Scientist
Center for Global Infectious Disease Research
Seattle Children's Research Institute
Seattle, Washington
Lucy A. Godley, MD, PhD [11]
Section of Hematology/Oncology
The Comprehensive Cancer Center

The University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Kandace Gollomp, MD [117]
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Blanca Gonzalez, MD, PhD [95]
Barcelona, Spain
Victor R. Gordeuk, MD [50]
University of Illinois
Chicago, Illinois
Jason Gotlib, MD, MS [65]
Stanford Cancer Institute
Steven Grant, MD [15]
Shirley Carter and Sture Gordon Olsson
Professor of Oncology
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia
Ralph Green, MD, PhD, FRCPath [42, 45]
Professor of Pathology and Medicine
University of California, Davis
Sacramento, California
Xylina T. Gregg, MD [39]
Utah Cancer Specialists
Michael R. Grever, MD [92]
Professor Emeritus
Columbus, Ohio
John Gribben, MD, DSc, FRCP, FRCPath, FMedSci [76]
Barts Cancer Institute
Centre for Haemato-Oncology
Queen Mary University of London

Emma M. Groarke, MD [8]
Fellow, Hematology Branch
Mark Hatfield Clinical Research Center
Bethesda, Maryland
Katherine A. Hajjar, MD [114, 135]
Brine Family Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology
Professor and Vice Chair for Research
Department of Pediatrics;
Professor of Pediatrics in Medicine
Senior Associate Dean for Faculty
Weill Cornell Medicine
New York, New York
Amel Hamdi, PhD [60]
Department of Physiology
Lady Davis Institute
McGill University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Robert D. Harrington, MD [80]
Professor
Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases)
University of Washington;
Chief of Medicine
Section Chief, Infectious Diseases
Harborview Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
Xiangrong He, MD [138]
Clinical Fellow
Mayo Clinic
Jeanne E. Hendrickson, MD [56]
Professor
Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Paul C. Herrmann, MD, PhD [53]
Professor and Chair
Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy
Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Loma Linda, California
Gabriela S. Hobbs, MD [28]
Instructor in Medicine
Steven Horwitz, MD [103]

Associate Attending
Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York
Chi-Joan How, MD [28]
Fellow in Medical Oncology
Russell D. Hull, MBBS, MSc [133]
Emeritus Professor of Medicine
Foothills Medical Centre and University of Calgary,
Calgary, Canada
Achille Iolascon, MD, PhD [40]
Professor of Medical Genetics
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology
University of Naples Federico II
Naples, Italy
Joseph E. Italiano, Jr., PhD [111]
Vascular Biology Program
Boston Children's Hospital
Jill M. Johnsen, MD [125]
Associate Member
Bloodworks
Seattle, Washington
Patrick Connor Johnson, MD [28]
Lynn B. Jorde, PhD [9]
Mark and Kathie Miller Presidential Professor and Chair
Department of Human Genetics
Alexis Kaushansky, PhD [14]
Associate Professor
School of Medicine
Center for Global Infectious Disease Research
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington
Kenneth Kaushansky, MD, MACP [3, 16, 17, 84, 110, 115, 116, 118]
Senior Vice President, Health Sciences
Dean, Renaissance School of Medicine
Rami Khoriaty, MD [40]
Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine
Assistant Professor, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
Section Head, Classical Hematology
Core Member, Rogel Cancer Center
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Thomas J. Kipps, MD, PhD [75]
Director, Hematology Malignancy Program
Director, Center for Novel Therapeutics
Distinguished Professor of Medicine
Moores Cancer Center
San Diego, California
Adam S. Kittai, MD [91]
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Columbus, Ohio
Mark J. Koury, MD [4]
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus
Division of Hematology/Oncology
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee
Taco Kuijpers, MD, PhD [61, 64]
Professor of Immunology
Consultant Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology
Amsterdam University Medical Center
Abdullah Kutlar, MD [50]
Augusta University
Augusta, Georgia
Robert A. Kyle, MD, MACP [109]
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Geoffrey A. Land, PhD, HCLD, F(AAM) [137]
Vitalant
Phoenix, Arizona
Angela M. Lager [11]
Chicago, Illinois
Lewis L. Lanier, PhD [20]
Professor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Richard A. Larson, MD [90]
Chicago, Illinois
Michelle M. Le Beau, PhD [11]
Chicago, Illinois
Houry Leblebjian, Pharm D [28]
Department of Pharmacy
Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Frank W.G. Leebeek, MD, PhD [130]
Erasmus University Medical Center
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Matthew M. Lei, Pharm D [28]
Department of Pharmacy
Marcel Levi, MD, PhD, FRCP [3, 18, 32, 113, 115, 120, 121, 127]
University College London Hospitals
London, United Kingdom;
Jerrold H. Levy, MD, FAHA, FCCM [140]
Professor of Anesthesiology
Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery (Cardiothoracic)
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina
Zhenyu Li, MD, PhD [111]

Cardiovascular Research Center
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Marshall A. Lichtman, MD, MACP [1, 3, 36, 54, 62, 69, 70, 82, 85, 87, 88, 105]
Professor Emeritus of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Dean Emeritus, School of Medicine and Dentistry
Rochester, New York
Jane L. Liesveld, MD [87, 88]
Professor of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology)
Rochester, New York
David C. Linch, FRCP, FRCPath, FMed Sci [3, 94]
Cancer Program Director
UCL and UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
University College London
Ton Lisman, PhD [130]
Professor of Experimental Surgery
Surgical Research Laboratory
Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation
Department of Surgery
University Medical Center, Groningen
Groningen, The Netherlands
Pete Lollar, MD [126]
Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia
Christine Lomas-Francis, MSc, FIBMS [136]
Immunohematology and Genomics
New York Blood Center
Long Island City, New York
Gerard Lozanski, MD [92]
Professor of Pathology Clinical
Columbus, Ohio
Naomi L.C. Luban, MD [56]
Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology
School of Medicine and Health Sciences
George Washington University;
Medical Director, Office of Human Subjects Protection
Senior Hematologist
Children's National Hospital
Washington, DC
Fabienne Lucas, MD, PhD [76]
Nicola C. Maciocia, MBChB, BSc, FRCPath [23]
Department of Haematology
Cancer Institute
Paul M. Maciocia, MBChB, PhD, FRCPath [23]
Cancer Institute
Anthony G. Mansour, MD [78]
Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
City of Hope National Medical Center
Elaine R. Mardis, PhD [10]
The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Columbus, Ohio
Kenneth L. McClain, MD, PhD [71]
Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston, Texas
Jeffrey McCullough, MD [138]
Global Blood Advisor
Edina, Minnesota;
Emeritus Professor
University of Minnesota
Neha Mehta-Shah, MD, MSCI [103]
Assistant Professor
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
St. Louis, Missouri
Guiomar Mendieta, MD, MSc [134]
Cardiovascular Institute, Cardiology Department
Hospital Clinic
Cardiovascular Science Program, ICCC
Barcelona, Spain
Marzia Menegatti, BSc, PhD [123]
Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center
Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Fondazione Luigi Villa
Milan, Italy
Manoj P. Menon, MD, MPH [80]
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine (Hematology)
Section Chief
Hematology and Medical Oncology
Harborview Medical Center;
Assistant Professor
Vaccine and Infectious Disease
Clinical Research Divisions
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington
Dean D. Metcalfe, MD [66]
Chief, Mast Cell Biology Section
Laboratory of Allergic Diseases
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Bethesda, Maryland
Saskia Middeldorp, MD, PhD [131]
Professor
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
Amsterdam UMC
Martha P. Mims, MD, PhD [7]
Professor of Medicine and Chief Hematology/Oncology
Houston, Texas
Anjali Mishra, PhD [93]
Assistant Professor
Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
Thomas Jefferson University
Ananya Datta Mitra, MD [42, 45]
Section of Hematopathology
University of California, Davis Health, School of Medicine
Sacramento, California
Joel Moake, MD [52]
Professor of Medicine Emeritus
Senior Research Scientist
Department of Bioengineering
Rice University
Houston, Texas
Narla Mohandas, DSc [33]
Laboratory of Red Cell Physiology
New York, New York
Jeffrey J. Molldrem, MD [25]
Professor and Chair, ad interim
Division of Cancer Medicine
Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas
Eva Marie Y. Moresco, PhD [19]
Center for the Genetics of Host Defense
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Diana Morlote, MD [2, 46]
Assistant Professor
Hematopathology and Molecular Genetic Pathology
Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
Alison Moskowitz, MD [103]
Associate Attending
Lymphoma Service
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York
Eric Mou, MD [96]
Stanford University
William A. Muller, MD, PhD [114]
Janardan K. Reddy Professor of Pathology
Feinberg School of Medicine
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois
Natarajan Muthusamy, DVM, PhD [73]
Professor, Hematology
Columbus, Ohio
Christopher S. Nabel, MD, PhD [28]
Srikanth Nagalla, MBBS, MS [57]

Program Director, Hematology/Oncology Fellowship
University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Marguerite Neerman-Arbez, PhD [124]
Professor
Department of Genetic Medicine and Development
University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine
Geneva, Switzerland
Robert S. Negrin, MD [29]
Chief, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Luigi D. Notarangelo, MD [79]
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Bethesda, Maryland
Hans D. Ochs, MD [79]
Jeffrey Modell Chair of Pediatric Immunology Research
Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies
Seattle, Washington
Elizabeth K. O'Donnell, MD [104, 106]
Willem Ouwehand, MD, PhD, FMedSci [119]
Professor of Experimental Haematology
Honorary Consultant of Haematology
National Health Service Blood Transfusion
Honorary Faculty Member
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute;
University of Cambridge
NHS Blood and Transplant Building
Cambridge Biomedical Campus
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Charles H. Packman, MD [55]
Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders
Levine Cancer Institute
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Charlotte, North Carolina
Teresa Padró, PhD, FESC [134]

CiberCV
Barcelona, Spain
James Palis, MD [6]
Director, Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research
Rochester, New York
Charles J. Parker, MD [41]
Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies
Karl S. Peggs, MB BCh, MA, MRCP, FRCPath [22]
Senior Lecturer in Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy
Director
Adult Stem Cell Transplantation Services
University College London Cancer Institute
Flora Peyvandi, MD, PhD [123]
Director, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center
Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
Vice Director, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation
Università degli Studi di Milano
Milan, Italy
John D. Phillips, PhD [59]
Mortimer Poncz, MD [117]
Chief, Pediatric Hematology
Prem Ponka,* MD, PhD, FCMA [60]
Department of Physiology
McGill University and Lady Davis Institute
Pierluigi Porcu, MD [93]
Professor of Medical Oncology, Dermatology, and Cutaneous Biology
Director, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Department of Medical Oncology
Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
Thomas Jefferson University
Jacqueline N. Poston, MD [139]
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Bloodworks NW Research Institute
Seattle, Washington
Jaroslav F. Prchal, MD, FRCPC [83]
Director
Department of Oncology
St. Mary's Hospital Center
Josef T. Prchal, MD [3, 34, 35, 51, 58, 60, 83, 85]
Professor of Hematology and Malignant Hematology
Adjunct in Genetics and Pathology
University of Utah & Huntsman Cancer Institute
1. interní klinika VFN a Ústav patologické fyziologie, 1. LF School of Medicine
Universita Karlova, Prague, Czech Republic
Martin A. Pule, MRCP, FRCPath [23]
Senior Lecturer in Haematology
Clinical Haematologist Consultant
UCL Cancer Institute
Sergio A. Quezada, PhD [22]
University College London Cancer Institute
Noopur S. Raje, MD, PhD [28]
Jacob H. Rand, MD [132]
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell
New York, New York
A. Koneti Rao, MD, FACP, FAHA [119]
Sol Sherry Professor of Medicine
Director, Benign Hematology, Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Co-Director, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center
Professor of Thrombosis Research and Pharmacology
Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Lewis Katz School of Medicine
Temple University
Gary E. Raskob, PhD [133]

Dean, Hudson College of Public Health
Regents Professor, Epidemiology and Medicine
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Lubica Rauova, PhD [117]
Research Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Vishnu V.B. Reddy, MD [2, 46]
Section Head, UAB Hospital Hematology Bone Marrow Lab
Director, Hematopathology Fellowship Program
Division of Laboratory Medicine
Professor, Department of Pathology
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
Mark T. Reding, MD [122]
Director, Center for Bleeding and Clotting Disorders
University of Minnesota Medical Center
Pieter H. Reitsma, PhD [112]
Professor of Experimental Medicine
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular and Regenerative Medicine
Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden, The Netherlands
Shoshana Revel-Vilk, MD, MCs [72]
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Gaucher Unit and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit
Shaare Zedek Medical Center
Hebrew University Medical School
Jerusalem, Israel
Andrew R. Rezvani, MD [29]
Associate Clinical Chief, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Paul G. Richardson, MD [28]
R.J. Corman Professor of Medicine
Jia Ruan, MD, PhD [135]
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Lymphoma Program
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
New York, New York

Roberta Russo, PhD [40]
Assistant Professor of Medical Genetics
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology
CEINGE
Biotecnologie Avanzate
University of Naples Federico II
Naples, Italy
Joel Saltz, MD, PhD [12]
Founding Chair and Professor of Biomedical Informatics
Renaissance School of Medicine
Clémentine Sarkozy, MD, PhD [98]
Department of Therapeutic Innovation
Gustave Roussy
Université Paris-Saclay
Villejuif, France
Sam Schulman, MD, PhD, FRCPS [32]
Professor, Department of Medicine
Director, Thrombosis Service
Hamilton Health Sciences General Hospital
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Steven Scoville, MD, PhD [5]
General Surgery
Columbus, Ohio
Marie Scully, MB BS, MRCP, FRCPath, MD [128]
Professor
Cardiometabolic Programme
National Institute of Health Research
University College London/University College London Hospitals Biomedical research Centre
University College London Hospital
Christopher S. Seet, MD, PhD [74]
Assistant Professor
Division of Hematology-Oncology
George B. Segel, MD [6, 36]
Emeritus Professor of Pediatric
Rochester, New York
Uri Seligsohn, MD [127]

Professor and Director
Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Chaim Sheba Medical Center
Tel-Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv, Israel
John F. Seymour, FAHMS, MB, BS, PhD, FRACP [97]
Royal Melbourne Hospital;
Professor
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology
University of Melbourne
Melbourne, Australia
Beth Shaz, MD [140]
New York, New York
Vivien A. Sheehan, MD, PhD [50]
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Houston, Texas
Taimur Sher, MD [107]
Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville, Florida
Sujit Sheth, MD [49]
New York, New York
William Shomali, MD [65]
Stanford Cancer Institute
Suthesh Sivapalaratnam, MD, PhD, MRCP (London) [119]
Senior Lecturer
Royal London Hospital
Sarah J. Skuli, MD [13]
Fellow
Susan S. Smyth, MD, PhD [111]
Professor and Chief

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
Physician Investigator
Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Philippe Solal-Céligny, MD, PhD [98]
Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest
Saint-Herblain, France
Michael A. Spinner, MD [96]
Stanford University
David P. Steensma, MD [86]
Edward P. Evans Chair of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Research
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Sean R. Stowell, MD, PhD [126]
Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia
Sankar Swaminathan, MD [81]
Don Merril Rees Presidential Endowed Chair
Professor and Division Chief
Jeff Szer, MB BS, FRACP [72]
The Royal Melbourne Hospital
University of Melbourne and Clinical Haematology
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Tsewang Tashi, MD [83]
Huntsman Cancer Center
University of Utah
Swee Lay Thein, MD [49]
The National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland
Perumal Thiagarajan, MD [34]
Professor of Medicine and Pathology

Director of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology Laboratory
Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center
Houston, Texas
Megan Trager, MD [102]
Department of Dermatology
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York
Steven P. Treon, MD, PHD, FACP, FRCP [108]
Harvard Medical School;
Director
Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Giorgio Trinchieri, MD [20]
National Institutes of Health Distinguished Investigator
Chief, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology
Center for Cancer Research
National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, Maryland
Ali G. Turhan, MD, PhD [27]
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris–Paris Saclay
Université Paris Saclay
INSERM U935-INGESTEM National iPSC Infrastructure
Villejuif, France
Eduard J. van Beers, MD, PhD [48]
Hematologist
Van Creveldkliniek
Utrecht University
Cornelis van't Veer, PhD [112]
Associate Professor
Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine
Amsterdam University Medical Centres
Richard van Wijk, PhD [48]
Associate Professor
Central Diagnostic Laboratory
Utrecht University
Ralph R. Vassallo, MD, FACP [137]
Vitalant
Scottsdale, Arizona;
Clinical Professor
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Kamalakannan Vijayan, PhD [14]
Fellow PhD
Seattle, Washington
Gemma Vilahur, PhD, FESC [134]
CiberCV
Barcelona, Spain
Dietlind L. Wahner-Roedler, MD, MS, FACP [109]
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Luojun Wang, MD [95]
Pathology Fellow
Barcelona, Spain
Robert Weinstein, MD [30]
Professor of Medicine and Pathology
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Chief, Division of Transfusion Medicine
University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center
Worcester, Massachusetts
Matthew Weinstock, MD [24]
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Karl Welte, MD [63]
University to Tubingen
Tubingen, Germany
Sidney W. Whiteheart, PhD, FAHA [111]
George Schwert Endowed Professor of Biochemistry
University Research Professor
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Lexington, Kentucky
Lucia R. Wolgast, MD [132]
Director, Clinical Laboratories Montefiore Moses Hospital
Associate Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Montefiore Medical Center

Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York
Neal S. Young, MD [8, 37]
Chief, Hematology Branch
Mark Hatfield Clinical Research Center
Bethesda, Maryland
X. Long Zheng, MD, PhD [129]
Professor and Russell J. Eilers, MD Endowed Chair
Chair of Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
The University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas
Liang Zhou, MD, PhD [15]
Instructor, Hematology/Oncology
Medical College of Virginia
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia
Pier Luigi Zinzani, MD, PhD [100]
Chief of Lymphoma and CLL Unit
Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”
University of Bologna
Bologna, Italy
Ari Zimran, MD [72]
Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center
Hebrew University Medical School
Jerusalem, Israel
*Deceased.

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Preface
Full Chapter
The first edition of Williams Hematology (né Hematology) was published in 1972. This, our 10th edition,
represents our continued efforts over one-half century to provide the most current concepts of the genetic
basis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hematologic diseases.
The rate of growth in our understanding of diseases of blood cells and coagulation pathways has justified,
indeed mandated, the effort of the editors to publish periodic major revisions in this comprehensive
textbook of hematology. The sequencing of patient genomes and advances in knowledge in epigenetics,
proteomics, and metabolomics, as applied to hematologic disorders, have accelerated the understanding
of the pathogenesis of the diseases of our interest and provided new pathways to treatment. Advances in
our dissection of molecular and cellular biology and immunology have translated into improved
diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Customizing immunotherapy to attack tumor cell antigens and
identifying specific molecular targets for therapy in several hematologic disorders have, as anticipated,
become reality. Gene therapy is being implemented to cure selected, monogenic, inherited hematologic
diseases, such as hemophilia A and B. Sickle cell anemia is a disease about which we have known more
than almost any other genetic disorder, yet we have been unable to modulate, significantly, its horrific
impact on patients. Finally, we may be edging toward a dramatic improvement in therapy by preventing
the suppression of F hemoglobin synthesis a er birth, minimizing the fraction of hemoglobin S in
postnatal blood. Other promising approaches to gene therapy are also being studied in sickle cell anemia
and thalassemia. CRISPR-Cas9 methodology has been a singular application in several of these gene-
editing approaches. Hematology continues to be the poster child for the rational design of therapeutics
applicable to other fields of medicine.
This edition of Williams Hematology endeavors to facilitate access to information, both within the book
and its associated links. Each chapter has been revised or rewritten to provide current information. To
reflect the increased application of immunotherapy, chapters on this important topic have been added,
including Chapter 22, "Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors"; Chapter 23, "Immune Cell Therapy: Chimeric
Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy"; and Chapter 24, "Immune Cell Therapy: Dendritic Cell and Natural Killer
Cell Therapy," along with the revised and updated Chapter 25, "Vaccine Therapy." A new Chapter 12,
"Application of Big Data and Deep Learning in Hematology" has been introduced.
At the center of diagnostic hematology is blood and marrow cell morphology. Thus, we have continued the
incorporation of informative color images representing the relevant diseases in each chapter, allowing
easy access to illustrations of cell morphology important to diagnosis.
The 10th edition of Williams Hematology is also available online as part of the excellent
www.accessmedicine.com website. With direct links to a comprehensive drug therapy database and to
other important medical texts, including Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine and Goodman &
Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Williams Hematology Online is part of a
comprehensive resource covering all disciplines within medical education and practice. The online edition
of Williams Hematology also includes PubMed links to journal articles cited in the references. New in this
online edition is the presentation of clinical cases for readers to explore, each linked to the relevant
disease-oriented chapter.
The companion handbook, Williams Manual of Hematology, will be revised to reflect the diagnostic and
therapeutic advances entered into the 10th edition of Williams Hematology. The Manual features the most
salient clinical content from the parent text and is useful in time-restricted clinical situations. The Manual
will be available for the iPhone and other mobile formats. It has been particularly useful for physicians
studying for the American Board of Internal Medicine Certification in Hematology and comparable other
examinations in other jurisdictions.
The production of this book required the timely cooperation of 233 contributors for the writing or revising
of 140 chapters. We are grateful for their insight and work in providing this comprehensive and up-to-date
text. Despite the growth of both basic and clinical knowledge and the passion that each of our contributors
brings to the topic of their chapter, we have been able to maintain the text in a single volume through
attention to chapter length.
The editorial board has lost the experience and intellect of Oliver W. Press, who died from a malignant
brain tumor in 2017 and who had joined the board as the expert in lymphopoiesis and lymphoma for the
9th edition. His contributions to the field and to his institution, The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, were
singular.
The readers of the 10th edition of Williams Hematology will note the expanding international participation
in the text with the addition of Professor David Linch, University College, London, who is the editor for the
biology and diseases of lymphocytes and the lymphoma sections. Thus, the 10th edition has two of its six
editors from the United Kingdom and chapter authors from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Israel,
Italy, Netherlands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom in addition to the United
States. The preparation of this edition of Williams Hematology required our authors throughout Europe,
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the production of the book. Special acknowledgment goes to Marie Brito in Stony Brook, New York, who
was responsible for coordinating the management of 140 chapters, including many new figures, tables,
and clinical cases, and managing other administrative matters, a challenging task that Ms. Brito performed
with skill and good humor. The editors also acknowledge the interest and support of our colleagues at
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Senior Content Acquisitions Editor; Kim Davis, Developmental Director; Leah Carton, Editorial Coordinator;
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Abbreviations and Acronyms

Full Chapter
α/β TCR T-cell-receptor genes encoding the α and β chains of the T-cell receptor
α2-PI alpha-2 plasmin inhibitor
αKG alpha ketoglutarate
αLELY α spectrin low-expression Lyon
αLEPRA α spectrin low-expression Prague
β2GPI β2-glycoprotein I
β2M β2-microglobulin
βTG β-thromboglobulin
γ/δ TCR T-cell-receptor genes encoding the γ and δ chains of the T-cell receptor
ΔOD450 change in optical density at 450 nm
κ immunoglobulin kappa light chain; kappa light chain
λ immunoglobulin lambda light chain
[3H]Thd [3H]thymidine
111In indium-111
14C radioactive carbon
15N nitrogen
2,3-BPG 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
2-HG 2-hydroxyglutarate
2-ME 2-mercaptoethanol
2OG 2-oxoglutarate
4.1R erythrocyte isoform of protein 4.1
50Cr chromium-50
51Cr chromium-51
55Fe or 59Fe radioactive iron
5-caC 5-carobxycytosine
5-fC 5-formylcytosine
5hmC 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
5mC 5-methylcytosine
6-MP 6-mercaptopurine
6-TG 6-thioguanine
7TMRs seven trans-membrane–spanning domain proteins
8-MOP 8-methoxypsoralen
95% CI 95% confidence interval
99mTc sestamibi a radioisotope of technetium attached to the sestamibi molecule
99mTc technetium-99 (a radioisotope of technetium)
A adenine
AA arachadonic acid
AABB American Association of Blood Banks
AAP American Academy of Pediatrics
AATAAA the polyadenylation signal site; ATP, adenosine triphosphate
AAV adeno-associated virus
ABC activated B cell; adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette
ABCB10 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter in the inner membrane of mitochondria
ABCB7 ATP-binding cassette
ABCD1 adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter
ABL1 Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homologue 1
ABLE Age of Blood Evaluation

ABVD Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine
ACD anemia of chronic disease
ACE angiotensin converting enzyme
ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
aCGH array comparative genomic hybridization
aCL anticardiolipin
ACOG American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
ACS acute chest syndrome; acute coronary syndrome
ACT activated clotting time; adoptive cellular therapy
ACVBP doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, prednisone
AD autosomal dominant
ADA adenosine deaminase
ADAM a disintegrin and metalloprotease
ADAMTS a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin repeats
ADAMTS13 a disintegrin and metalloprotease with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13
ADA-SCID deaminase deficiency severe combined immunodeficiency
ADC antibody drug conjugate
ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
AD-HIES autosomal dominant hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome
ADMA asymmetric dimethyl arginine
ADMIDAS adjacent to metal ion-dependent adhesion site
AdoCbl adenosylcobalamin
ADP adenosine diphosphate; δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase deficiency
AE1 anion exchanger-1 (formerly band 3)
AEC absolute eosinophil count;
AET 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide
AF ALL1-fused gene
AFLP acute fatty liver of pregnancy
AGLT acidified glycerol lysis test
AGM aorta-gonad-mesonephros
aGvHD acute gra -versus-host disease
AHA autoimmune hemolytic anemia
aHSCs autologous hematopoietic stem cells
AHSCT allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
AHTRs acute hemolytic transfusion reactions
aHUS atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
AI anemia of inflammation
AICAR 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribotide
AICD activation-induced cell death
AID Activation-induced cytidine deaminase
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIHA autoimmune hemolytic anemia
AIN alloimmune neutropenia
AIP acute intermittent porphyria
AIRE autoimmune regulatory gene
AITL angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
AK adenylate kinase
AKT1 protein kinase Bα
AL immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis; light-chain amyloidosis
ALA 5-aminolevulinic acid (δ-aminolevulinic acid)
ALA synthase aminolevulinic acid synthase
ALAD δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
ALAS 5-aminolevulinic acid (δ-aminolevulinic acid) synthase
ALAS1 δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase, housekeeping form
ALAS2 gene encoding 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2
ALAS2 δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase, erythroid-specific form
ALC absolute lymphocyte count

ALCL anaplastic large cell lymphoma
ALDH aldehyde dehydrogenase
ALDOA gene encoding aldolase A
ALG antilymphocyte globulin
ALIP abnormal localized immature precursor
ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase
ALK gene encoding anaplastic lymphoma kinase
ALK-1 anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1
ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
alloHCT allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
ALPS autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
ALT alanine transaminase
AML acute myelogenous leukemia
AML1, AML2, AML3 transcription factor for various hematologic lineages
AMP adenosine monophosphate
AMPK adenosoine monophosphate kinase
ANA antinuclear antibody
ANC absolute neutrophil count
ANCA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
AngII angiotensin II
ANGPTL angiopoietin-like molecules
ANK Ankyrin
ANK1 ankyrin gene
ANKL aggressive NK cell leukemia
ANN alloimmune neonatal neutropenia
anti-D antibody against D antigen
AOP2 antioxidant protein 2
AP adapter protein; apheresis platelet
AP1 activator protein-1
AP2 adaptor protein-2
AP3 activator protein 3
APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II
APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation
APC activated protein C; alternative pathway of complement; anaphase-promoting complex; antigen-
presenting cell
APDS activated PI3 kinase delta syndrome
APECED autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy
APL acute promyelocytic leukemia
aPL antiphospholipid
APLA antiphospholipid antibody
Apo apolipoprotein
apo-B apolipoprotein B
apoER2 apolipoprotein E receptor 2
APP amyloid precursor protein
APRIL a proliferation inducing ligand
APS antiphospholipid syndrome; autoimmune polyglandular syndrome
aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time
AQP1 aquaporin 1
ara-C cytarabine
ara-CTP cytarabine triphosphate
ara-G 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine; arabinosylguanine
ara-GTP arabinosylguanine triphosphate
ara-U arabinosyluracil
ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker
ARC Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis
ARD antigen recognition domain
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
ARF ADP-ribosylation factor

Arf6 and Asf1b protein paralogs that are members adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor 6
AR-HIES autosomal recessive hyperimmunoglobulin syndrome
ARID5B AT-rich interactive domain 5b
ARLTS1 ADP-ribosylation factor-like tumor-suppressor gene 1
ARP actin related protein
ARPC1B actin-related protein complex 1B
ARSA arylsulfatase A
ART antiretroviral therapy
ASA acetylsalicylic acid
ASBMT American Society for Blood & Marrow Transplantation
ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein
with a caspase recruitment domain
ASCT allogeneic stem cell transplantation; autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation;
autologous stem cell transplant
ASCT2 ASC amino-acid transporter 2
Asf1a a protein that is a member of the H3/H4 family of histone chaperones
ASFA American Society for Apheresis
ASH American Society of Hematology
AsH3 arsenic hydride (arsine gas)
ASIA autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants
ASM acid sphingomyelinase; aggressive systemic mastocytosis
ASO arsenic trioxide
ASO-PCR allele specific oligonucleotide-polymerase chain reaction
AST aspartic acid transaminase
ASTCT American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
ASXL1 a polycomb group protein-epigenetic modifier
AT antithrombin; ataxia-telangiectasia
ATAC-seq uses the hyperactive Tn5 transposase to simultaneously fragment and add sequencing
adaptors to accessible DNA
ATG antithymocyte globulin
Atg autophagy-related gene
ATL adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
ATLD ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder
ATLL adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
ATM ataxia-telangiectasia mutant
ATM ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene
ATO Arsenic trioxide
ATP adenosine 5′-triphosphate
ATP11C P-IV ATPase (flippase)
ATPase adenosine triphosphatase
ATR ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related kinase
ATR-16 α-thalassemia chromosome 16-linked mental retardation syndrome
ATRA all-trans-retinoic acid
ATRs allergic transfusion reactions
ATRUS amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with radioulnar synostosis
ATR-X α-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation syndrome
ATTRwt wild type transthyretin amyloidosis
AUC area under the concentration x time curve
AUG antigens of the Augustine; codon for initial methionine
aUPD acquired uniparental disomy
AVD doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vinblastine, dacarbazine
AVN avascular necrosis
AVWS acquired von Willebrand syndrome
AYA adolescents and young adults
AZT azidothymidine
B19 primate erythroparvovirus 1
B2M beta-2 microglobulin

BACH2 basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2
BACs bacterial artificial chromosomes
BAF BRG/BAF-Associated Factors
BAFF B-cell activating factor
BAK Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer
BAL bronchoalveolar lavage
B-ALL acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia
bALP bone alkaline phosphatase
BASC BRACA1-associated genome surveillance complex
BAT bleeding assessment tool
BC buffy coat
BCCA British Columbia Cancer Agency
BCG bacillus Calmette-Guérin
BCL B-cell lymphoma family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death
BCL10 B cell CLL/lymphoma 10 gene
BCL10 B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10
BCL11A a critical switching factor for silencing gamma globin; B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A
BCL11A B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 11A; B-cell lymphoma/leukemia oncogene important for □ to β globin
switching
BCL-2 B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2; B-cell lymphoma protein 2
BCL2 gene encoding B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma 2
BCL-6 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 6
BCL6 gene encoding B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma 6
Bcl-xL an antiapoptotic factor
BCL-xL B-cell leukemia extra large
BCMA B-cell maturation antigen
BCNU 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, carmustine; bis-chloroethylnitrosourea or carmustine
BCR B-cell receptor
BCR breakpoint cluster gene
BCR-ABL breakpoint cluster region-Abelson
BCRP breast cancer resistance protein transporter
BCSH British Committee for Standards in Haematology
BDR bortezimid, dexamethasone and rituximab
BEAC BCNU, etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide
BEACOPP bleomycin, etoposide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine),
procarbazine, prednisone
BEAM BCNU/etoposide/cytarabine/melphalan [bischloroethyl-nitrosourea (carmustine), etoposide, Ara-

C (cytarabine), melphalan]
BET bromo- and extra-terminal
bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor
BFP syphilis test biologic false-positive serologic test for syphilis
BFU-E burst-forming unit–erythroid
BFU-MK burst-forming unit–megakaryocyte
BiKE bispecific killer engager
Bim bcl2 interacting mediator of cell death or Bcl2-like 11
BiP immunoglobulin-binding protein
BIR baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat
BITE bispecific T-cell engager
BJ Bence Jones
BL Burkitt lymphoma
B-LBL B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
Blimp-1 B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1
BLINK B-cell linker protein; BLM, the causative gene of Bloom syndrome
BLOC biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex
BM bone marrow
BMI body mass index
BMP bone morphogenic protein
BMSC bone marrow stroma stem cell

BMT-CTN bone marrow transplant-clinical trials network
bNAbs broadly-neutralizing antibodies
BNIP3L an hypoxic regulated gene that facilitates mitochondrial autophagy
BNLI British National Lymphoma Investigation
BNP brain natriuretic peptide; B-type natriuretic peptide
bp base pair
BPG bisphosphoglycerate
BPGM bisphosphoglycerate mutase enzyme
BPI bacterial permeability-increasing protein
BPTES a glutaminase inhibitor
BR bendamustine and rituximab
BRC B-cell receptor
BRD bromodomain-containing protein
BRM biological response modifier
BS Bloom syndrome
BSS Bernard-Soulier syndrome
BTD breakthrough designation
BTH Bruton tyrosine kinase
BTK (Btk) Bruton tyrosine kinase
BTKi Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor
BTLA B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator
BU Bethesda unit; busulfan
BV brentuximab vedotin
C capsule; complement; constant
C/EBP CCAAT enhancer binding protein
C/EBPA CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha
C/EBPε regulating factor of gene expression
C/EBPβ CCAAT/enhancer binding protein
C15ORF41 gene encoding a protein with two predicted helix-turn-helix domains of unknown function
C1E-INH Complement factor 1 esterase inhibitor
C3 third component of complement
C3a serum complement fragment 3a
C4BP complement 4b–binding protein
C5a serum complement fragment 5a
CAAT CAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)
CABG coronary artery bypass gra
CAD coronary artery disease
CAD gene encoding a trifunctional enzyme (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate

transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase)
cADP cyclic adenosine diphosphate
CAFC cobblestone area-forming cell
CALASP calaspargase
CALGB Cancer and Leukemia Group B
CALR calreticulin
CALR calreticulin gene
CAM cell adhesion molecule
CAM-DR cell adhesion mediated drug resistance
cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAMT congenital (hereditary) amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
CAN copy number alteration
cANCA cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
CAP site a DNA site located in or near a promoter
CAP37 cationic antimicrobial protein
CAPS catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
CAPTURE Antiplatelet Therapy in Unstable Refractory Angina
CAR chimeric antigen receptor; CXCL12-abundant reticular
CaRD carfilzomib, rituximab, dexamethasone

CARD caspase activating and recruitment domain; caspase activation and recruitment domain
CAR-T cells chimeric antigen receptor T cells
cART combined antiretroviral therapy
CBC complete blood count
CBF core binding factor
CBFA1, CBFA2 core-binding factor subunit α-1 or -2
CBP a coactivator of a transcription factor
CBV cyclophosphamide, bischloroethyl-nitrosourea (carmustine), etoposide
ccff-DNA circulating cell-free fetal DNA
CCI corrected count increment
CCL C-C chemokine (C-C motif) ligand
CCR C-C chemokine receptor
CCR4 CC chemokine receptor 4
CCR5 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 gene
CCUS clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance
CCyR complete cytogenetic response
CD 44 cell differentiation antigen
CD classification determinant; cluster denomination; cluster designation; cluster of differentiation;

cytoplasmic domain
CD-1 cyclin D1 high
CD11b/CD18 Mac-1 or integrin αmβ2
CD16 FcγRIIIa receptor
CD-2 cyclin D3 high
CD20 a cluster of differentiation molecule expressed on the surface of all mature B cells
CD40L CD40 ligand
CD55 an antigen encoding DAF
CD59 an antigen encoding MAC-inhibitory protein
CDA congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
CDAII congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II
CDAN1 gene encoding codanin-1
cdc cell division cycle
CDC cell-dependent cytotoxicity; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; complement-dependent
cytotoxicity
cDC conventional dendritic cell
CDK cyclin-dependent kinase
CDKI cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor
cDNA complementary DNA
CDP cytidine diphosphate
CDR commonly deleted region; complementarity determining region
CDR3 complementarity determining region 3
CDT catheter-directed thrombolysis
CE cholesterol ester
ceAML clonally evolved acute myelogenous leukemia
CEBPA CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha gene
CEBPA CCAAT-enhancer binding protein A
CEL, NOS chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified
CEP congenital erythropoietic porphyria
CEPBA CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α gene
CFC colony-forming cell
CFH complement factor H
CFHR complement factor H-related protein
CFU-E colony-forming unit–erythroid
CFU-GEMM colony-forming unit–granulocyte-erythroid-monocyte-macrophage
CFU-GM colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage; colony-forming unit–granulocyte-monocyte
CFU-Meg (CFU-MK) colony-forming unit–megakaryocyte
CFX Chromogenic factor X
CGA cytosine, guanine, adenine
cGAMP cyclic GMP:AMP

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Williams Hematology 10th Edition

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Williams Hematology, Tenth Edition

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recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.

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Kenneth Kaushansky, MD, MACP

Senior Vice President, Health Sciences

Dean, Renaissance School of Medicine

Stony Brook University

Stony Brook, New York

Professor of Hematology and Malignant Hematology

Adjunct in Genetics and Pathology

University of Utah & Huntsman Cancer Institute

Salt Lake City, Utah

1. interní klinika VFN a Ústav patologické fyziologie 1. LF School of Medicine

Universita Karlova, Prague, Czech Republic

Consultant and Senior Scientific Director

Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research

Marshall A. Lichtman, MD, MACP

Professor Emeritus of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Biophysics

Dean Emeritus, School of Medicine and Dentistry

James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute

University of Rochester Medical Center

Rochester, New York

Marcel Levi, MD, PhD, FRCP

University College London Hospitals

London, United Kingdom

David C. Linch, FRCP, FRCPath, FMed Sci

Cancer Program Director

UCL/UCLH Biomedical Research Centre

University College London

London, United Kingdom

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Ranjana H. Advani, MD [96]

Gheath Alatrash, DO, PhD [25]

Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy

Division of Cancer Medicine

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Doru T. Alexandrescu, MD [121]

University of California, San Diego

VA San Diego Health Care System

San Diego, California

Carl E. Allen, MD, PhD [71]

Baylor College of Medicine