Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Edited by
Christian Garavaglia,
Johan Swinnen
Economic Perspectives on Craft Beer
Christian Garavaglia · Johan Swinnen
Editors
Economic
Perspectives on Craft
Beer
A Revolution in the Global Beer
Industry
Editors
Christian Garavaglia Johan Swinnen
University of Milano-Bicocca and Bocconi Centre for European Policy Studies
University KU Leuven
Milan, Italy Leuven, Belgium
This book analyzes the emergence and growth of craft breweries and
craft beers, which revolutionized the brewing industry, from a compara-
tive international perspective.
Craft brewers and their success have transformed global beer mar-
kets over the past two decades. They ended a century of consolidation
of breweries, resulting in the domination of a few global multinationals
and the homogenization of beer. A wave of small breweries entered the
market offering a large variety of beers. Today, a few large multinational
firms co-exist with a significant number of small craft beer producers.
This transformation of an entire industry is not only important for
people and researchers interested in beer and brewing, but also for those
interested in what determines industry structure and in economic his-
tory. The emergence of many craft breweries, the consequent dynam-
ics in the beer industry, and the changes in consumption provide an
interesting natural experiment in industrial change and economic devel-
opment, offering fertile material for studying these issues. The various
chapters in this book contribute a rich set of insights and information
for the fields of entrepreneurship, management, economics, industrial
dynamics, and economic history.
vii
viii Preface
Part I Overview
xi
xii Contents
Index 485
Editors and Contributors
xv
xvi Editors and Contributors
Contributors
xxv
List of Figures
xxvii
xxviii List of Figures
Fig. 7.9 Google trend value of the term “craft beer” 206
Fig. 8.1 Milestones in the History of the Hungarian Beer Industry 215
Fig. 8.2 Number of firms and employees 217
Fig. 8.3 Concentration measures for the Hungarian beer industry
(2001–2015) 218
Fig. 8.4 Evolution of beer production; exports and imports 220
Fig. 8.5 Consumption of alcoholic drinks 221
Fig. 8.6 Distribution of beer sales by product category 222
Fig. 8.7 Density of firm survival 225
Fig. 8.8 Entry and exit from the Hungarian beer industry 226
Fig. 9.1 Number of production units 1894–1990 234
Fig. 9.2 Number of entries and exits of craft beer
producers* in Italy, 1988–2015. *Contract brewers
are not included 238
Fig. 9.3 Total number of craft beer producers and contract
brewers, 1988–2015 238
Fig. 10.1 Historical evolution of Dutch beer brewing population 268
Fig. 10.2 Recent evolution of Dutch craft brewery population 274
Fig. 11.1 Consumption of alcoholic drinks including beer
and GDP per capita in Poland, 1980–2015 300
Fig. 11.2 Production of beer in million hl vs. production
of hops and malt in Poland between 1980 and 2012 302
Fig. 11.3 Number of small-scale breweries in Poland, 2009–2013 310
Fig. 12.1 Development of beer production and consumption
in Slovakia (in 1000 hl), 2003–2014 328
Fig. 12.2 Development of beer consumption per capita
in Slovakia (in liters), 2003–2014 329
Fig. 12.3 Recorded per capita consumption of alcohol, 1961–2010 329
Fig. 12.4 Customer price index (CPI) for beer, wine,
and spirits, 2003–2014 (year 2003 = 100) 330
Fig. 12.5 Average nominal income (in €), 2003–2014 330
Fig. 12.6 Number of active breweries (including craft breweries) 335
Fig. 13.1 Number of craft breweries in Spain, 2008–2015 358
Fig. 13.2 Distribution of craft breweries in the Spanish
regions, 2015 360
Fig. 14.1 Number of breweries in the UK, 1980–2010 378
Fig. 14.2 Proportion of beer production* according
to packaging, 2013–2016 383
xxx List of Figures
Fig. 14.3 Annual turnover in 2015 and estimates for 2016 385
Fig. 14.4 Workforce categorized by age bands and place of residence 386
Fig. 14.5 Levels of capital investments made in 2015 and related
purposes 387
Fig. 15.1 Entries, exits and total firm counts in the Australian
craft beer sector 1979–2015 402
Fig. 15.2 Total firm counts in the Australian craft beer sector
by type 1979–2015 403
Fig. 15.3 Total firm counts in the Australian craft beer sector
by state/territory 1979–2015 405
Fig. 16.1 Selected alcoholic beverage taxed quantity, 1950–2011 431
Fig. 16.2 Number of Japanese microbreweries, openings
and closings, 1995–2015 435
Fig. 16.3 Examples of beer and beer-like beverages 441
Fig. 16.4 Shipment volumes of beer and beer-like beverages 441
Fig. 17.1 Chinese and US beer market comparison, in volume
and in value 459
Fig. 17.2 Beer consumption in China, USA, and Germany
(liters per capita) 459
Fig. 17.3 Number of craft breweries in China 462
Fig. 17.4 Number of commercial breweries (mass producers)
in China 464
Fig. 17.5 China’s beer consumption and percentage
of imported beer 465
Fig. 17.6 Number of cafés/bars in China 466
Fig. 17.7 Per capita annual disposable income in urban
and rural China 468
Fig. 17.8 China’s barley production area and its volume,
2002–2012 477
Fig. 17.9 China’s barley imports by volume, 2007–2014 477
Fig. 17.10 Chinese, US, and Western European hop production,
1977–2013 478
List of Tables
xxxi
xxxii List of Tables
(Il. 8, 102.)