PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER

APROJECTREPORT
Submittedby

PRASANNA VENKATESH.S L3451B

VEERARAGAVAN.M L3490B
SURYA .S 3089B
JOSE JACOB 3040B
PRASANTH.M 3077B
DINESH KUMAR.V 2992B
ALAGESHWARAN.K 2985B
BLESSON JOE ROY.J L3508B

in partial fulfillment for the award of the

degree of

BACHELOROFENGINEERING

IN

MARINEENGINEERING

AMETUNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 603112

DECEMBER 2022

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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER”
is the bonafide work carried out by students of AMET UNIVERSITY,
KANATHUR (CHENNAI) during the year 2022 for the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Marine Engineering.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Prof.Dr.R.Rajavel M.E.,PH.D., C/E Mr. K.R.CHIDAMBARAM

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, SUPERVISOR,

Department of Marine Engineering, Department of Marine Engineeering,

AMET Deemed to be University, AMET Deemed to be University,
Chennai. Chennai.

Submitted for B.E. degree viva-voice examination held at AMET-Deemed to be

University, Chennai on ………………

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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ABSTRACT:
This design project aims to propose a plate type heat exchanger that can meet
given heat duty and find the number of plates required. Plate type heat exchanger
uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. Starting point of this design is
to define given properties.

It is asked us to cool the inlet fluid which is waste stream from 65 °C to 40°C using
cooling water at 15 "C. Several information of the inlet and outlet streams are
given such as the inlet and outlet temperature of waste stream, mass flow rate of
inlet stream, physical properties of waste and other constructional data for the
similar heat exchanger; vertical, horizontal distances, plate thickness, length,
effective channel width, enlargement factor, chevron angle etc. Several
calculations are done in 2 parts.

The first one is geometry analysis used in order to find the required number of
plates. The second one is heat transfer analysis in order to find the required heat
duty for both streams and actual heat duties for clean and fouled involving trial-
error solution. Some correlations is needed such as heat transfer coefficient
calculation, correlation of Nusselt number and Reynold number in which the
empirical equation needed.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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“No one who achieves success does so without acknowledging the help
of others. The wise and confident acknowledge this help with gratitude.”

We owe our profound gratitude to our supervisor C/E K. R.Chidambaram for his
keen interest, guidance, inspiration, andnvaluable suggestions during our project.

We thank Col. Dr. G. Thiruvasagam, Vice-Chancellor of AMET University for

ensuring the best resources for students and providing the opportunities to take on
such challenges.

Dr. M. Jayaprakashvel, the esteemed registrar of AMET University who has been a
constant source of motivation for the staff andstudents of the university.

We are privileged to express our deep gratitude to Prof. C/E Boopathy Bhaskaran,
HOD Marine Engineering, AMET University for his continues motivation and
support for the completion of our project.

We are truly honoured to express our gratitude to Dr. R. Rajavel, Deputy

HOD(Marine Engineering) who always served as a source of inspiration and
encouraged us throughout the project and contributed with his valuable
suggestions, instructions, and encouragement throughout the process.

We would also like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Yashwant ,Mr. Rajan, and
Mr. Jayachandran for their guidance and help rendered for this project. Our
sincere gratitude also goes to all the Ship-In Campus instructors.

Finally, we would like to thank all the non-teaching staff for their help and our
batchmates for their unhindered support.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
LIST OF FIGERES 6

1 INTRODUCTION 7
1.1 TYPES
1.2 WORKING
1.3 PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN

2 COMPONENTS 15
2.1PLATE

2.2COVER

2.3GASKET

2.3 TIGHENING BOLD& NUT

3 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 18

4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 20

5 PROJECT PICTURE 21

6 PROJECT EXPENDITURE 24

7 CONCLUSION 24

8 REFERNECES 25

LIST OF FIGURES
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Figure 1.1 Plate type heat exchanger

Figure 1.2.1 plate type heat exchanger gasket

Figure 1.2.2 Alternating cold/hot pattern

Figure 1.3.1 Corrugated herringbone pattern

Figure 1.3.2 Plate type heat exchanger telltale

Figure 1.3.3 Plate stack with diagonal line

Figure 1.3.4 Plate gasket

Figure 2.2 Plate type heat exchanger (exploded view)

Figure 2.2 Acrylic plate

Figure 2.3 Gasket

Figure 3.1 Block diagram

INTRODUCTION
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Plate heat exchangers are one of the most common types of heat exchanger
employed today; the other common type of heat exchanger is the shell and tube
heat exchanger. The spiral heat exchanger is also used for industrial applications,
but its use is minor compared to the other two types of heat exchanger.

Plate heat exchangers have gained widespread application throughout the

engineering world because they are efficient, robust and relatively easy to
maintain.

1.1 TYPE
Plate type heat exchangers are made of thin plates forming flow channels. These
thin plates are usually used to build heat exc hangers that are either smooth or
corrugated and they are either flat or round in an exchange

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FIGURE 1.1 PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER

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The Gasketed plate type heat exchanger has many advantages but the
most important one is that it can be opened for inspection or maintenance.
The following are additional advantages of the heat exchanger

 The exchanger use gaskets to minimize internal leakage.

 Design can be done by making use of different plate size and pass
 arrangements.

 There is efficient heat transfer due to turbulence and small

hydraulic diameters.

 These exchangers are very compact and have low weight.

 There is minimum heat loss.

 There is less chance of gaskets failure and thus, less chance of fluid mixing
during operation.

1.2 WORKING
we will assume a hypothetical plate heat exchanger has two flowing mediums, one
is cold and the other is hot. The hot medium needs to be cooled by the cold
medium, and this will occur in the plate heat exchanger.

The hot medium enters the heat exchanger through the hot medium inlet. Gaskets
direct the hot medium as it flows through the heat exchanger. Each plate has
an alternating gasket pattern. The hot medium flows into the space between a pair
of plates, but does not flow into the space between the next pair of plates because
the gaskets prevent this. The process continues so that each second set of plates is
filled with the hot flowing medium.

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 Figure 1.2.1 Plate Heat Exchanger Plate Gaskets

At the same time, the cold medium enters the heat exchanger through the cold
medium inlet, but this time, the gaskets are positioned to allow the cold medium to
flow into the space where no hot medium is present. The heat exchanger is now
full of both hot and cold flowing mediums. Each medium flows out of its
associated outlet and the process is continuous.

Notice that the two flowing mediums are always adjacent to each other throughout
the heat exchanger. The flowing mediums thus have a hot, cold, hot, cold, flow
pattern, as they flow through the heat exchanger. Both flowing mediums are
completely separated from each other by the gaskets and plates, they do not mix.

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 Figure 1.2.2 Alternating Cold/Hot Pattern
Due to the close proximity of the flowing mediums, heat is exchanged between
them. The hot medium heats-up the plate and the plate passes some of this heat to
the cold flowing medium; thus the hot medium temperature decreases whilst the
cold medium temperature increases.

1.3 PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCAHNGER DESIGN

The plates are the main reason plate heat exchangers are so efficient.
The plates on a plate heat exchanger may appear to have a simple design, but each
plate is full of interesting engineering design features. For example:

 When the plates are compressed together to form a plate stack, the gap
between each of the plates is very small, which ensures good thermal contact
between the two flowing mediums. The gap between the plates is also
known as ‘clearance’.
 Plates are thin and have a large contact surface area, which gives each plate
a high heat transfer rate.

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  Plates are manufactured from a material with high thermal conductivity,
which further increases the heat transfer rate.
 Corrugations on the plate surfaces prevent laminar flow and promote
turbulent flow, which increases the heat transfer rate whilst also reducing the
likelihood of deposits accumulating upon the plate surfaces.
 The corrugations also serve to stiffen the plate structure, which allows a
thinner plate to be used compared to a plate that has no corrugations. Note
that plate corrugations are sometimes referred to as having a ‘herringbone’
pattern.

Figure 1.3.1 Corrugated Herringbone Pattern

The plates are not the only part of a plate heat exchanger with extensive design
features, the gaskets also have interesting design features:

 Gaskets are able to maintain a seal between the plates even when the system
pressure and temperature varies.

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 Holes in each gasket -known as telltales- are used to identify leaking
gaskets. This feature allows operators to change the affected plate before the
leaking medium leaks through the next gasket and contaminates the other
flowing medium.

Figure 1.3.2 Plate Heat Exchanger Telltale

 Because the gaskets guide flow through the heat exchanger, it is essential
they be installed in the correct order. For this reason, gaskets are often fitted
with markings so that operators can check each plate is installed in the
correct order throughout the entire plate stack. Another way of ensuring the
order of the plate stack is correct, is to spray paint a diagonal line across the
entire plate stack when it is assembled.

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 Figure 1.3.3 Plate Stack with Diagonal Line

 Although we have only shown two gasket designs so far in this article, there
are three! Gaskets alternate throughout the heat exchanger except for the
first and last plates within the plate stack, which press against the fixed and
movable covers. Plates that press against the fixed and movable covers are
known as start and end plates, because of their position within the plate
stack. The purpose of the start and end plates is to prevent flow into the
space between the fixed cover and start plate, and to prevent flow into the
space between the movable cover and end plate. In this way, the covers are
not actively used to exchange heat; this makes sense as the covers are quite
thick, do not have corrugations and are poorly suited to exchange heat.

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 Figure 1.3.4 Plate Gaskets (end plate gasket shown on the right)

PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER (PHE) COMPONENTS

Plate heat exchangers consist of relatively few parts. Because plate heat
exchangers are used for transferring heat, they require inlets and outlets where the
flowing mediums -or fluids- can enter and leave the heat exchanger. A fluid may
be a liquid or a gas. As fluids are often assumed to be liquid only, we will use the
term flowing medium to avoid confusion.

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 Figure 2.1 Plate Heat Exchanger(Exploded View)

Gaskets and plates are used to separate the flowing mediums and prevent them
mixing; gaskets are adhered to one side of each plate only. The plates hang upon
a carry bar and are pressed together using clamping bolts. When the plates are
compressed together, they are referred to as a ‘plate stack’. A guide bar ensures the
plates are aligned correctly when the plate stack is opened and closed.

The final components of interest are the two covers at opposite ends of the plate
stack. One cover is movable whilst the other is fixed. The movable cover and fixed
cover are also sometimes referred to as the frame plate and pressure plate. Note
that the inlets and outlets are mounted to the fixed cover only

2.1 FRAME
The frame is made up of thick acrylic and polypropylene pressure retaining parts,
the fixed cover and the movable cover, that when pulled together with the
tightening bolts form the pressure retaining structure for the plates/plate pack. The
carrying bar and guide bar act as a carrier and guide to both the plates and the
movable

2.2 PLATE

The heat exchanger plates, which make up the heat transfer surface, are clamped
between two plates of acrylic with the use of the tightening bolts.

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The heat exchanger construction allows a plate heat exchanger to be easily opened
for inspection and cleaning.

Figure 2.2 Acrylic plate

2.3 GASKETS

Each plate has a gasket that produces a sealing and channel system through the
entire plate pack in which the two heat exchanging media flow in a counter-current
direction.

The circular portion of the gasket stops the fluid from going across the heat
transfer plateand sends it to the next open channel. The remaining portion or field
gasket directs the opposing fluid across the heat transfer surface.

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 Figure 2.3 Gasket

2.4 FLOW ARRANGMENT

The heat transfer plates with gaskets are arranged in an alternating pattern of left
hand flow and right hand flow to direct the fluids in an opposing

direction within the heat exchanger. The completed assembly of all the plates and
gaskets is called the "plate pack."

PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER ADVANTAGES

There are numerous advantages associated with plate heat exchangers:

 Plate heat exchangers weigh less, require less space and are more
efficient compared to other heat exchanger designs of the same size.
 Replacing and cleaning of the plates is a simple task because the plate stack
can be opened easily.

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  And unlike shell and tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers do not
require additional space for dismantling.

PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER DISADVANTAGES

But there are also some disadvantages associated with plate heat exchangers:

 Plate heat exchangers tend to be more expensive than other heat exchanger
designs.
 If there is a leaking gasket causing one flowing medium to mix with the
other, the leaking plate is often difficult to locate.
 Replacement of plate gaskets in-situ can be difficult, or impossible. Some
plate gaskets must be returned to the manufacturer for replacement, which
costs both time and money.

 When the plates are compressed together to form a plate stack, the clearance
between each of the plates is small, this increases the likelihood of
fouling with a corresponding reduction in heat transfer.When reassembling
the plate stack, over-tightening the clamping bolts can lead to crushing of the
plates, which damages the plate corrugations and squeezes-out the gaskets.
If the gaskets are squeezed-out, the plate will no longer seal correctly.
 Plate heat exchangers are not suitable for high pressure applications because
the gaskets would be expelled by the system pressure; this situation is
referred to as ‘gasket blow-out’. However, it is possible to get around this
problem by using a gasket-less design; these designs usually use brazed or
welded plates. Brazed and welded plate heat exchangers are more suitable
for higher temperature and higher pressure applications, but also for
application where leakage would be hazardous/catastrophic e.g. toxic or
poisonous flowing mediums.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 3.1
THICKNESS 12 mm

All dimensions are in mm

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PROJECT PICTURE

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SL. MATERIAL SUPPLIER COST CONTACT
NO NAME NUMBER

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 ACRYLIC PLATE 10MM CHENNAI 7500 8046036178
1 PLASTIC&
INSULATION
ACRYLIC PLATE 12MM CHENNAI 550 8046036178
2 PLASTIC&
INSULATION
BOLD NUT SRI 500 9710537421
3 8MM VENKATESWARA
HARDWARE
VMC CHENNAI 9000 8046036178
4 GROOVE PLASTIC&
INSULATION
FRAME FABRICATION CHENNAI 3500 8046036178
5 WITH MATERIAL PLASTIC&
INSULATION
CHENNAI 8046036178
6 MACHINING PLASTIC& 500
INSULATION
CHENNAI 8046036178
7 POLYPROPYLENE PLASTIC& 480
SHEET INSULATION
CHENNAI 8046036178
8 GASKET FIXING PLASTIC& 2500
INSULATION

CONCLUSION
Heat exchangers are pieces of equipment used to transfer heat from a hot fluid to a
cold fluid. They are essential as they carry out the task of changing the temperature
of the more valuable fluid that is used later on in the process.

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REFERENCE

https://youtu.be/br3gkrXTmdY

https://youtu.be/mR5eW-OSqHE

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_heat_exchanger#:~:text=A%20plate%20heat
%20exchanger%20is,spread%20out%20over%20the%20plates.

https://www.iqsdirectory.com/articles/heat-exchanger/plate-heat-exchangers.html

https://savree.com/en/encyclopedia/plate-heat-exchanger-phe

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THANK YOU

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