Topic: Rain Alaram Circuit

M.Sc. Semester-II

Submitted by

Lubna Shaikh

Under the supervision of

Dr. Aditya Vora Sir

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, SPACE SCIENCE , SCHOOL OF

SCIENCE GUJARAT UNIVERSITY

March 2024

Roll No: 45
 Msc physics sem-2

CONTENTS
Page
Sr No Index
Number

1 Abstract 4

2 Literature Review 5

3 Introduction 6

4 Types of Rain sensors 7

5 Theory of Rain Alaram Sensor 9

6 Applications 11

7 Components 12

8 NE-555 IC Pinout 13

9 Block Diagram 13

10 Circuit Duagram 13

11 Working and Construction 14

12 Advantages and Disadvantages 16

13 precautions 17

14 conclusion 18

15 References 19
Abstract

Farmers are pillars of our nation. They

have experienced losses due to
intense rainfall which damage crops,
root growth to overcome this, we have
created this project. When the rain
detector senses rain, it sounds an
alarm. As a result, various aspect has
been achieved using Rain detectors to
stop irrigation, home automation,
electronics

4
 Literature overview
For a number year up till date, some works on
Rain water detection have been done by
electronic designers. These works range from the
application of rain detector circuit in irrigation,
collecting rain water for domestic and industrial
use a process known as rain water harvesting to
using rain detector/Sensor in automobiles to
control the power windows and roof whenever it
senses moisture a design known as automatic rain
sensing windows.
P. Campbell, et al, in their work, Automatic Rain
sensing windows worked to create a device that
will allow car windows to roll up automatically
when it rains thereby preventing the interior from
getting destroyed. The design was essentially
used with automobiles. In [2] Campbell scientific
built a rain detector which functions to detect
whether it is raining or snowing, and the output
used to control another circuit. In [3] Mohammed
Hadi Ismail incorporated a rain detector in his
work designed to harvest rain water

5
Introduction
In agriculture field rain is a basic need but intense rain
can affect the crops root growth. Irrigation is enough
cover the water need of crop but if intense rainfall
occurs it may damage the crops, growth of the crops.
when Rain detector detects rain it trigger the alarm.
Rain detector alarm efficient way to stop irrigation
whenever rain occurs. It is also used in home
automation by users to reclaim their belongings, cover
windows. In some situations, we can Collect some rain
water. When rain falls, it will cause a setback to all the
reasons for sun-drying enumerated above, especially
when the materials being sun dried are not retrieved
quickly. Thus, designing and constructing a device
which gives one a heads-up the instant it starts to rain
hopefully giving you time to retrieve the materials
being sun dried, close your windows, and bring in
possession is not only apropos but also absolutely
imperative. Also, since it can rain at any time without
any warning, clothes in a clothes line outside the house
that are almost dry may get wet if we do not realize it is
raining on time. Thus, this project will also help house
wives and other users to be quickly alerted to avoid
rain from wetting shirts/ dresses being sun dried at the
clothes line outside the house. Collect some rain water.

6
Theory of Rain Sensor circuit
•The objective is to create a rain alaram
circuit using transistor and IC-555 timer
•It is a very simple rain alarm circuit which
is designed using mainly a transistor,
water sensor and a 555 timer IC.
Whenever there is a rain, rain drops falls
on the rain sensor, and as shown in the
diagram of rain sensor, water on rain
sensor would short.
•Water is a basic need in every one’s life.
Saving water and proper usage of water is
very important. Here is an easy project which
will give the alarm when there is rain, so that
we can make some actions for rain water
harvesting and also save the rain water for
using it later
• Rain water detector will detect the rain
and make an alert; rain water detector is
used in the irrigation field, home
automation, communication, automobiles
etc.

9
•The Rain Water Sensor used in this project
is shown in the image below. It is a simple
sensor and it is an easy to use tool for
detecting rain. It can act as a simple switch,
where the switch is normally open and
when there is rain, the switch closes.

•If there is no rain, the resistance between

the contacts will be very high as there will
be no conduction between the wires in the
sensor.If there is rain, the water drops will
fall on the rain sensor, which will form a
conductive path between the wires and it
also decreases the resistance between the
contacts.
•As a result, the wires on the sensor board
will conduct and trigger the NE555 timer
through the transistors circuitry. Once
NE555 is triggered, it will make the output
pin high and which will make the buzzer to
make alarm

10
 Components
The following components is required to make Rain
Alaram Circuit

SR NO Component value Quantity

1
Breadboard - 1

2 Battery 9 Volt 1

Connecting
3 - 1
Wires

4 IC NE555 Timer 1

5 Transistor BC547 1

6 Rain Sensor - 1

7 Buzzer - 1

470
8 Resistor ohms,4.7K , 1,1,2,1
100K,1K

Cermaic
9 10 uf 1
Capacitor

10 Battery Clip - 1

12
Block diagram

13
Construction and it’s Working
The rain alarm circuit consists of mainly
NPN transistor BC547, a rain sensor,
and a timer IC 555.
In case of rain, water drops fall on the
rain sensor and will shorten points A &
B.
In response to this, a voltage difference
will be applied to the base of the
transistor. In response to this, the
transistor switches ON and current
flows from the collector to the emitter.
Thus, the reset PIN of the Timer IC 555
receives this positive voltage and it
turns On and the buzzer starts to beep.
Initially, there was not any positive
voltage at timer IC 555 as it was
connected to the ground via resistance.
Thus, the timer IC was off. Timer IC
works only if the reset pin receives
positive voltage.

14
Timer IC 555 is configured in Astable
mode. thus, the buzzer will generate an
oscillating sound and the oscillation
frequency can be controlled by either
changing the value of resistor R2 or by
changing the capacitance of capacitor
C1.
Pin 5 which is the control Pin, is
connected to GND through a .01uf
capacitor.
Resistor R3 controls the transistor’s
collector current and resistor R4
controls the transistor’s base current.
Rain sensors should be kept at a
minimum of 30-40 degrees from the
surface area, thus, preventing water to
stay on the rain sensor, this we can
avoid the alarm going on for a long
time duration.

15
 Applications
1. In the irrigation, it will detect the rain and
immediately alert the farmer.
2. In automobiles, when the rain detector detects
the rain it will immediately active the wipers and
inform the driver.
3. In communications, it will boost the power of the
antenna and increase the signal strength to send
or receive the signals.
4. In normal house hold, with the help of rain water
detector we can automatically save the rain
water. (This can be done only when home
automation is done and there is proper
equipment to save the rain water. In this, rain
water detector will detect the rain and helps to
switch ON the equipment which will
automatically save rain water for different
purposes).
5. This can also be used if there is a chemical rain
also. This is very common in industrial areas.
6. This sensor is used to trigger a rain blower over
the air inlet, clear water droplets from the mylar
wrap, and keep the air in the waveguides
pressurized and dry in specialsatellite
communication antennas.

11
Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

It is very cheap.
The battery last very much.
Not risky.
No harmful effect.
The circuit can be made by everyone

Disadvantages

It doesn't tell about the speed of the

rain which is fallen on the roof.
It will send signal or the led will be
glowing until the detector becomes
wet.
It something is over that then the
detector will not work until it gets wet.
There are so many problem that you
will face when you will make this
circuit.

16
Precautions

Rain senor should be kept in the open

place at 30 to 40 degrees from the
ground. As a result, rain water will not
be present on the sensor for long time.
This circuit will automatically switch of
the alarm after sometime and LED will
glow continuously until the rain stops.

17
 Types of Rain sensor
1] Resistive Rain Sensor
The rain sensor is a plate on which nickel is applied in the form of
lines. It works on the
principle of resistance. The resistance between each contact is
extremely high when the
sensor is dry (open circuit). When there is water on the board's
surface, it forms a
resistive connection across the two-copper strip. This difference
in resistance enables
the circuit to distinguish between dry and wet states allowing the
sensor to detect rain.
Resistive sensors are shown in Figures 1 and 2.

2] Capacitive Rain Sensor

Industrial, commercial, and weather telemetry
applications all use capacitive RH
sensors.
The top plate of this capacitive senses the change in
capacitance when water is on the
plate. Figure 3 shows capacitive rain sensor.

7
 Types of Rain sensor
3] Mechanical Rain Sensor
Rainbird has created a well-designed rain sensor that detects
rainwater by triggering an
internal switch based on the mechanical weight idea. It is an easy
and reliable technique
to tell if it is raining or not. Mechanical rain sensor is shown in
figure 4.

4] Optical Rain Sensor for Cars

They are small in size and are normally found behind the
windshield of a car, usually
directly behind the side mirror. Car optical rain sensor is shown in
figure 5

8
Conclusion

The entitle of is project "RAIN ALARM

WITH CLOSING FACILITY" project is
essential for fertilizer and cottage
industries. The main purpose the
project is to avoid mental stress and to
the prevent material from rain. This is
project can construct easily using
simple electronics component
Concluding that Rain water Detects
and trigger the alaram so that an action
take at a moment.it is activated in even
a thinnest water drop

18
References
M.D. Singh, K.B. Khanchandani, Power
Electronics, Second Edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill
Make: Electrónica (Spanish Edition)
Kindle Edition by Charles Platt (Author)
ELECTRONIC DEVICE THOMAS L. Floyd
MODERN DIGITAL ELECTRONIC R.P Jain

THANK YOU.

19
 Studycentre’s
Department Course Eligibility Fee Lab work?

Msc. Food safety

School of Bsc with biology
and quality 26k
agriculture field
management
Yes
Sos Msc physics Bsc physics 28K 14 days
sem2&3
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discipline
project work

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Sos Msc geography 28K
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Not in
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Ahmeddabad

Msc Renewable
School of
energy and Bsc physics 24,400 No
engineering
environment

School of inter Msc environmental

Bsc physics 15 K yes 1,2,3
disciplinary science

School of Yes
continuing Msc dietics Bsc 33 K 3 month’s
education internship

School of
Msc family therapy
continuing Bsc physics 34,200 7 day’s internship
and counselling
education

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Bsc physics 43k No
studies security