MYP Year: 5

Subject: Chemistry
Unit: Chemical equation and reaction
Global context: Orientation in space and Time

Task Sheet- Kinetic Theory

Criterion A – Knowing and Understanding

Task based on Kinetic theory of particle and nature of the substance which relates to their change of
states.
Name …………………………… Date ……………

Topics covered:
Kinetic theory of particles
Heating Cooling curve

1. Gases diffuse, which means that they move to occupy the total available volume.

(a) Explain, using kinetic particle theory, why gases diffuse. [2]

Diffusion is movement of particles in any direction, gases can diffuse because they have no fixed shape,
the particles are free to move wherever they want which is why they are able to move to occupty the
total available volume, however much it may be.

(b) When the colorless gases hydrogen bromide and ethylamine come into contact, a
white solid is formed.

CH3CH2NH2(g) + HBr(g) =>CH3CH2NH3Br(s)

white solid

The following apparatus can be used to compare the rates of diffusion of the two gases
ethylamine and hydrogen bromide.

PSG/MYP/CHEMISTRY/ UNIT-CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATION/TASK SHEET-KINETIC THEORY, HEATING

1
COOLING CURVE/VC/GS/2023-24
State at which position, A, B or C, the white solid will form. Explain your choice. [3]

A, ethylamine will diffuse faster bcz its molar mass is lesser than hydrogen bromide and lighter
molecules diffuse faster.

2 Ethanoic acid is a colorless liquid at room temperature. It has the typical acid properties and
forms compounds called ethanoates.

A pure sample of ethanoic acid is slowly heated from 0oC to 150oC and its temperature is
measured every minute. The results are represented on the graph below.

(i) State the change that occurs in the region D to E. = liquid to gas

[1]
(ii) Describe the difference in the region B to C if an impure sample had been used?

Could take more time if impure sample used because the melting point could increase due to more
components and higher force of attraction to break down.
[1]

PSG/MYP/CHEMISTRY/ UNIT-CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATION/TASK SHEET-KINETIC THEORY, HEATING

2
COOLING CURVE/VC/GS/2023-24
 (iii) Draw on the graph how the line would continue if the acid was heated to a higher
temperature. [1]

(iv) Write down missing information in the following table that compares the separation and
movement of the molecules in regions C to D with those in E to F.

C to D E to F
Less
separation (distance
A lot
between particles)
movement of particles random and slow

Random and fast

yes
Can particles move apart to fill
yes
any volume?

PSG/MYP/CHEMISTRY/ UNIT-CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATION/TASK SHEET-KINETIC THEORY, HEATING

3
COOLING CURVE/VC/GS/2023-24
 3.(a) A small amount of liquid bromine is added to a container which is then sealed.

Br2(l)  Br2(g)

Explain using the ideas of the Kinetic Theory to why, after about an hour, the
bromine molecules have spread uniformly to occupy the whole container.

[3]

There is no presence of air and due to increased temperature of a container, the

liquid particles gained enough energy to break the bonds and vaporize to gas.
Bromine liquid turned into bromine gas which is how it was able to diffuse
uniformly to occupy the whole container.

(b) The diagrams below show simple experiments on the speed of diffusion of gases.

PSG/MYP/CHEMISTRY/ UNIT-CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATION/TASK SHEET-KINETIC THEORY,

4
HEATING COOLING CURVE/VC/GS/2023-24
Based on the kinetic theory of particle explain the observations in the diagram -2 and 3. One has
been done for you.

The diagram -1 shows that there is air inside and outside the porous pot so the rate of diffusion of
air into the pot is the same as the rate of diffusion of air out of the pot. The pressure inside and
outside the pot is the same so the colored liquid is at the same level on each side of the tube.

Diagram-2

Diagram-3

4. The Kinetic Theory explains the properties of matter in terms of the arrangement and
movement of particles. Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature. Nitrogen molecules, N 2, which
are spread far apart move in a random manner at high speed.

(i) Explain how does the movement and arrangement of the molecules in a crystal of
nitrogen differ from those in gaseous nitrogen?

(ii) A sealed container contains nitrogen gas. The pressure of a gas is due to the molecules of the
gas hitting the walls of the container.
Explain why the pressure inside the container increases when the temperature is increased

PSG/MYP/CHEMISTRY/ UNIT-CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATION/TASK SHEET-KINETIC THEORY,

5
HEATING COOLING CURVE/VC/GS/2023-24