UNIT TEST -4

SUB- PHYSICS
M.M: 40 TIME:1.5
HR

1 Thermal equilibrium implies equality of: 1

(a) energy (b) internal energy (c) K.E. (d) temperature
2. Two bars of copper, having same length but an equal diameter, are heated to the same 1
temperature. The change in length will be:
(a) more in thicker bar (b) more in thinner bar (c) same for both (d) determined by the ratio
of length and diameter of the bars
3. 110 J of heat is added to a gaseous system, whose internal energy increases by 40 J. Then, 1
the amount of external work done is:
(a) 150 J (b) 70 J (c) 110 J (d) 40 J
4. The fastest mode of heat conduction is 1
(a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Radiation (d) All are equally fast.
a) Assertion and Reason both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Assertion and Reason both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion and Reason both are incorrect.
5. Assertion: Latent heat of fusion of ice is 336000 J kg–1 . 1
Reason: Latent heat refers to change of state without any change in temperature
6. Assertion: In adiabatic compression, no exchange of heat occurs between system and 1
surroundings. Reason: The adiabatic compression is a slow process
7. Write down Stefan’s law. Also write down its mathematical formula. 2
8. Draw a graph to show the anomalous behavior of water. Explain its importance for 2
sustaining life under water
9. Define heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporisation. Write these values for water at 1 atm 2
pressure. Draw a graph of temperature vs heat for water when an ice is converted to steam.
10 State the second law of thermodynamics. 2
.
11 Derive an expression for the work done during the isothermal expansion of a gas. 2
.
12 Explain the following: (i)When an inflated tyre burst, the air escaping is cooled. (ii)When a 3
. gas is suddenly compressed, it gets heated up.
13 Show that the pressure exerted by a gas is two-thirds of the average kinetic energy per unit 3
. volume of the gas molecules.
14 Gas Behavior: Insights from the Kinetic Theory In the realm of gas dynamics, the kinetic 4
. theory offers profound insights into their peculiar nature. It elucidates the underlying
mechanisms that lead to intriguing macroscopic observations. Gas pressure, a fundamental
aspect, is a consequence of a remarkable phenomenon that emerges when gas molecules
come into play.
Gas molecules are in constant motion, darting about in various directions. This perpetual
motion is central to understanding several aspects of gases. It also forms the basis for the
link between temperature (T) and the speed (v) of gas molecules, expressed as: 3RT = mnC2
Now, one might wonder what particular attribute of these molecules enables them to
interact and apply force to the walls of their container. The answer lies in their innate
 quality, which drives their ceaseless movement. This quality is fundamental to
comprehending the intricate interplay of gas properties and the dynamic equilibrium within
a gas. In essence, the kinetic theory unveils the enigmatic world of gas molecules as they
engage in this perpetual dance of motion and collision, shaping the observed properties of
gases. This theory stands as a cornerstone in deciphering the complex behaviors and
characteristics of gases.
(i)According to the kinetic theory of gases, what is the primary cause of gas pressure?
a) Volume of gas particles b) Constant motion of gas molecules
c) Temperature of the gas d) Interactions between gas molecules
(ii)In the kinetic theory of gases, gas molecules move in what kind of paths between
collisions?
a) Circular b) Zigzag c) Straight lines d) Spiral
(iii) In the kinetic theory of gases, what happens to the temperature of a gas if its molecules
have a higher root mean square speed while other factors remain constant?
a) The temperature increases
b) The temperature decreases
c) The temperature remains unchanged
d) The temperature becomes negative
(iv)What property of gas molecules makes them collide and exert pressure on the container
walls, as explained by the kinetic theory of gases?
a) Their color b) Their size c) Their mass d) Their constant, random motion
15 The amount of heat per unit mass transferred during change of state of the substance is 4
. called latent heat of the substance for the process. For example, if heat is added to a given
quantity of ice at –10 °C, the temperature of ice increases until it reaches its melting point (0
°C). At this temperature, the addition of more heat does not increase the temperature but
causes the ice to melt, or changes its state. Once the entire ice melts, adding more heat will
cause the temperature of the water to rise. The latent heat for a solid to liquid state change
is called the latent heat of fusion (Lf), and that for a liquid-gas state change is called the
latent heat of vaporisation (Lv). These are often referred to as the heat of fusion and the
heat of vaporisation. We have seen that heat is energy transfer from one system to another
or from one part of a system to another part, arising due to temperature difference. What
are the different ways by which this energy transfer takes place? There are three distinct
modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation Conduction is the mechanism
of transfer of heat between two adjacent parts of a body which are direct in contact because
of their temperature difference. Suppose, one end of a metallic rod is put in a flame, the
other end of the rod will soon be so hot that you cannot hold it by your bare 4 hands. Here,
heat transfer takes place by conduction from the hot end of the rod through its different
parts to the other end. Gases are poor thermal conductors, while liquids have conductivities
intermediate between solids and gas. Convection is a mode of heat transfer by actual motion
of matter. It is possible only in fluids. Convection can be natural or forced. In natural
convection, gravity plays an important part. When a fluid is heated from below, the hot part
expands and, therefore, becomes less dense. Because of buoyancy, it rises and the upper
colder part replaces it. This again gets heated, rises up and is replaced by the relatively
colder part of the fluid. The process goes on. This mode of heat transfer is evidently different
from conduction. Convection involves bulk transport of different parts of the fluid.
Conduction and convection require some material as a transport medium. These modes of
heat transfer cannot operate between bodies separated by a distance in vacuum. But the
earth does receive heat from the Sun across a huge distance. Similarly, we quickly feel the
 warmth of the fire nearby even though air conducts poorly and before convection takes
some time to set in. The third mechanism for heat transfer needs no medium; it is called
radiation and the energy so transferred by electromagnetic waves is called radiant energy.
Answer the following questions:
i. Which of the following heat transfer mode needs medium?
(a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Both a and b (d) Radiation
ii. Convection is possible in
(a) Solids only (b) Fluid only (c) Both solid and fluid (d) None of these
iii. The fastest mode of heat conduction is
(a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Radiation (d) All are equally fast
iv. The change of state from solid to liquid is called
(a) Melting (b) Vaporization (c) Sublimation (d) None of these
16 Define Cp and Cv .Why Cp > Cv .Using first law of thermodynamics prove that Cp - Cv = R 5
.
17 State postulates of kinetic theory of gases. 5
.