1 • DNA 4 • TRANSCRIPTION

2 • RNA 5 • TRANSLATION

3 • REPLICATION
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
is a molecule that contains
the genetic code that is
unique to every individual.
DNA is made of two linked
strands that wind around
each other to resemble a
twisted ladder — a shape
known as a double helix.
 Composed of:
• PHOSPHATE GROUP
• SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE)
• BASE (A,T,C,G)
RNA or ribonucleic acid acts
as a messenger carrying
instructions from DNA for
controlling the synthesis of
proteins.
 Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is
typically single stranded
and contains ribose as its
pentose sugar and the
pyrimidine uracil instead
of thymine.
 Composed of:
• PHOSPHATE GROUP
• SUGAR (RIBOSE)
• BASE (A,U,C,G)
the process by which a
double-stranded DNA
molecule is copied to
produce two identical
DNA molecules.
1 • THE OPENING OF THE DOUBLE HELIX AND
SEPARATION OF THE DNA STRANDS
2 • PRIMING OF THE TEMPLATE STRAND

3 • ASSEMBLY OF THE NEW DNA SEGMENT

1 • THE OPENING OF THE DOUBLE HELIX AND SEPARATION OF
THE DNA STRANDS

HELICASE
2 • PRIMING OF THE TEMPLATE STRAND

PRIMASE
3 • ASSEMBLY OF THE NEW DNA SEGMENT

DNA POLYMERASE
Transcription is the process by which
the information in a strand of DNA is
copied into a new molecule. DNA
safely and stably stores genetic
material in the nuclei of cells as a
reference, or template
The process of forming a
polypeptide chain from
mRNA codons