ｍｎｐｔ

ｒｅＴｕＴ －？９００

Ｓｈｉｖ Chhatrapati
Shiv Ｃｈｈａｔｒａｐａｔｉ Shikshan
Ｓｈｉｋｓｈａｎ Ｓａｎｓｔｈａ＇ｓ
Sanstha’s

ＲＡＪＡＲＳＨＩ SHAHU
RAJARSHI ＳＨＡＨＵ MAHAVIDYALAYA
ＭＡＨＡＶＩＤＹＡＬＡＹＡ
ＬＡＴＵＲ（ＪＵＮＩＯＲ
LATUR ( JUNIORＳＣＩＥＮＣＥ）
SCIENCE )

Ｒｇｉａｒｓｈｉ Ｓｈａｈｕ Ｓｅｒｅｅｎｉｎｇ Ｓｅｓｔ

ｑＲｆＳＴ‘３Ｔ’
{ÉÊ®ú ʶɹ]õ "+'
ＳＹＬＬＡＢＵＳ－ＰＣＢ
SYLLABUS ＧＲＯＵＰ
- PCB GROUP
ＥＸＡＭ DATE
EXAM ＤＡＴＥ

０７ＡＰＲＩＬ，
07 APRIL, ２０２４
2024
 ＢＡＳＩＣ ＭＡＴＨＥＭＡＴＩＣＳ AND
BASIC MATHEMATICS ＡＮＤ QUANTITATIVE
ＱＵＡＮＴＩＴＡＴＩＶＥ APTITUDE
ＡＰＴＩＴＵＤＥ AND
ＡＮＤ REASONING
ＲＥＡＳＯＮＩＮＧ
１．
1. Ｎｕｍｂｅｒ
Numberｓｙｓｔｅｍ，
system,ＨＣＦ
HCFａｎｄ
andＬＣＭ，
LCM,Ｓｑｕａｒｅ ａｎｄandＳｑｕａｒｅ
Square ｒｏｏｔ，
Square root,Ｃｕｂｅ
Cubeａｎｄ
andＣｕｂｅ
Cubeｒｏｏｔ，
root,Ａｖｅｒａｇｅ，
Average,Ｒａｔｉｏｓ ａｎｄ
Ratios and
Ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ， Ｐａｒｔｎｅｒｓｈｉｐ．
Proportion, Partnership.
２．Ａｌｇｅｂｒｉｃ
2. Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ：Ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ
Algebric ｏｆ （Ａ＋Ｂ）
Identities : Expansion ，（Ａ－Ｂ）
of (A+B) 2 ，（Ａ＋Ｂ）
, (A-B) 2 ，（Ａ－Ｂ）
, (A+B) 3 ，Ａ3, A－Ｂ
, (A-B) 3 3，Ａ 3 ＋Ｂ3 ＆（Ａ＋Ｂ＋Ｃ） 2
-B , A +B & ( A+B+C)
３．
3. Ｄｉｓｃｏｕｎｔ
Discount ａｎｄ
and ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ：Ｐｒｏｆｉｔ
percentage : Profit ＆& Ｌｏｓｓ（
Loss ( Ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ
Percentage ｂａｓｅｄ
based ）)
４．
4. Ｌｏｇａｒｉｔｈｍｓ：Ｄｅｆｉｎａｔｉｏｎ，
Logarithms : Defination,Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ
Propertiesｏｆof ｌｏｇａｒｉｔｈｍｓ．
logarithms.
5. Ｔｉｍｅ
Time＆&Ｗｏｒｋ，
Work,Ｔｉｍｅ，
Time,Ｓｐｅｅｄ
Speedａｎｄ
andＤｉｓｔａｎｃｅ，
Distance,Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ
Problemsｏｎonｔｒａｉｎｓ， Ｂｏａｔｓ and
trains, Boats ａｎｄ Streams.
Ｓｔｒｅａｍｓ．
６．
6. Ａｒｉｔｈｍｅｔｉｃ
Arithmetic Ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ
Progression ａｎｄ
and ｇｅｏｍａｔｒｉｃ
geomatric ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．
progression.
7. Ｍｅｎｓｕｒａｔｉｏｎ
MensurationＳｕｒｆａｃｅ
Surface ａｒｅａｓ ＆ volumes.
areas & ｖｏｌｕｍｅｓ．
８．
8. Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｍｅｔｒｉｃ
Trigonometricｒａｔｉｏｓ
ratiosｏｆofｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ
standardａｎｇｌｅｓ，
angles,ｉｔｓ
its ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
application.
９．
9. Ｐｌａｎｅ
Planeｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙ：（Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ
geometry : ( Conceptｏｆ ｌｉｎｅ ＆ ａｎｇｌｅ，
of line & angle,ｔｒｉａｎｇｌｅ，
triangle,ｑｕａｄｒｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｓ
quadrilateralsａｎｄ
andｃｉｒｃｌｅ）
circle )
１０．
10. Ｃｏ－ｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅ
Co-ordinate ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙ：Ｇｒａｐｈ
geometry : Graph ｏｆ ｌｉｎｅ（
of lineｃｏ－ｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅ
( co-ordinate ｓｙｓｔｅｍ），
system)Ｃｏｌｌｉｎｅａｒ
, Collinearｐｏｉｎｔｓ．
points.
１１．
11. Ｐｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｔｙ， Ｐｅｒｍｕｔａｔｉｏｎ and
Probability, Permutation ａｎｄ combination.
ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ．
１２．
12. Ｓ．Ｉ．Ｕｎｉｔｓ
S.I.Units &＆ symbols.
ｓｙｍｂｏｌｓ．
１３．
13. Ｂａｓｉｃ ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ ｏｆofｖｅｃｔｏｒ：Ｖｅｃｔｏｒ
Basic knowledge ｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ，
vector : Vector quantities,Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Directionｏｆofｖｅｃｔｏｒ，
vector,ｔｙｐｅ
typeｏｆ
of ｖｅｃｔｏｒ．
vector.
ＲＥＡＳＯＮＩＮＧ
REASONING
１．
1. Ｓｙｌｌｏｇｉｓｍ ｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．
Syllogism reasoning.
２．Ｄａｔａ
2. ｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ－Ｂｌｏｏｄ
Data sufficiency - ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ， ＯｒｄｅｒOrder
Blood relation, ａｎｄ Ｒａｎｋｉｎｇ， Ｃｌｏｃｋ，
and Ranking, Ｃａｌｅｎｄｅｒ，
Clock, Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Calender, ｓｅｎｃｅ
Direction ｔｅｓｔ，
sence test,Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ，
Distance,
Ｃｏｄｉｎｇ Decoding,
Coding Ｄｅｃｏｄｉｎｇ， Seating
Ｓｅａｔｉｎｇ arrangement.
ａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔ．
３．Ｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ
3. ｆｉｇｕｒｅ，
Counting Ｃｕｂｅ
figure, Cubeａｎｄ
andＤｉｃｅ．
Dice.
４．
4. ＶｅｎｎVenn
ｄｉａｇｒａｍ ｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．
diagram reasoning.

（５）
(5)
 Ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ
Physics
１．
1. Ｍｏｔｉｏｎ ｉｎOne
Motion in Ｏｎｅ Dimension
Ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎ：:
Ｍｏｔｉｏｎ
Motion ｏｆ ａｎ Object,
of an Ｏｂｊｅｃｔ， Displacement
Ｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ ＆& Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ， Ｓｐｅｅｄ ＆&Ｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ，
Distance, Speed Ｕｎｉｆｏｒｍ ＆Ｎｏｎ－ｕｎｉｆｏｒｍ
Velocity, Uniform & Non-uniformＬｉｎｅａｒ
Linearｍｏｔｉｏｎ，
motion,Ａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｉｏｎ
Acceleration（＋(+ｖｅ，
ve,
－ｖｅ
- ve ＆Ｚｅｒｏ
& Zeroａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｉｏｎ），
acceleration),Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ ｏｆ speed
Effects of ｓｐｅｅｄ ＆& ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｎ Velocity
direction on Ｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙdue
ｄｕｅtoｔｏacceleration,
ａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｉｏｎ，Distance-Time
Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ－Ｔｉｍｅgraph
ｇｒａｐｈ(Uniform
（Ｕｎｉｆｏｒｍ &＆ Non-
Ｎｏｎ－
ｕｎｉｆｏｒｍ
uniform ｍｏｔｉｏｎ）， ＶｅｌｏｃｉｔｙＴｉｍｅ graph
motion), VelocityTime ｇｒａｐｈ （Ｕｎｉｆｏｒｍ
(Uniform Ｍｏｔｉｏｎ
Motion＆&Ｕｎｉｆｏｒｍｌｙ
UniformlyＡｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄ
AcceleratedＭｏｔｉｏｎ）．
Motion). Ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ
Equationｏｆof ｍｏｔｉｏｎ
motion ｕｓｉｎｇ
using ｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌ
graphical
ｍｅｔｈｏｄ，
method,Ｋｉｎｅｍａｔｉｃａｌ
KinematicalＥｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ
Equations， Ｆｒｅｅ
, Freeｆａｌｌ．
fall.
２．
2. Ｌａｗｓ ｏｆ
Laws Ｍｏｔｉｏｎ：:
of Motion
Ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ
Contact ＆& Ｎｏｎ
Nonｃｏｎｔａｃｔ
contactｆｏｒｅｓ，
forces,Ｂａｌａｎｃｅｄ
Balanced＆ &ｕｎｂａｌａｎｃｅｄ ｆｏｒｃｅｓ，
unbalanced forcesＮｅｗｔｏｎ＇ｓ Ｆｉｒｓｔ，
, Newton's First,Ｓｅｃｏｎｄ ＆ Ｔｈｉｒｄ
Second ｌａｗlawｏｆ ofｍｏｔｉｏｎ
& Third motion＆ &ｔｈｅｉｒ
theirａｐｐｌｉｃａ－
applica-
ｔｉｏｎｓ， Ｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍ ＆& Ｌａｗ
tions, Momentum Lawｏｆ Ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ ofｏｆMomentum.
of Conservation Ｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍ．
３．
3. Ｗｏｒｋ， Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ &＆ Power
Work, Energy Ｐｏｗｅｒ：:
Ｗｏｒｋ
Workｄｏｎｅ
doneｂｙbyｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔ
constantｆｏｒｃｅ，
force,Ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌ
MechanicalＥｎｅｒｇｙ （Ｋｉｎｅｔｉｃ
Energy (Kineticｅｎｅｒｇｙ
energy＆ｉｔｓ
& itsｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ，
expression,Ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ
Potentialｅｎｅｒｇｙ
energy＆ &ｉｔｓits ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ
expression＆&ｔｈｅｉｒ
their
Ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ）， Ｌａｗ of
Applications), Law ｏｆ conservation
ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ of
ｏｆ energy,
ｅｎｅｒｇｙ， Power.
Ｐｏｗｅｒ．
４．
4. Ｇｒａｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎ：
Gravitation:
Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ＇ｓ
Newton'sｕｎｉｖｅｒｓａｌ
universalｌａｗ
lawｏｆofｇｒａｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎ，
gravitation, Ａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｉｏｎ
Accelerationｄｕｅ
dueｔｏtoｇｒａｖｉｔｙ，
gravity, Ｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ
Variation ｏｆ ａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｉｏｎ due
of acceleration ｄｕｅ ｔｏto ｇｒａｖｉｔｙ ｗｉｔｈ height
gravity with ｈｅｉｇｈｔ from
ｆｒｏｍ
ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ
surfaceｏｆofｅａｒｔｈ．
earth.
５．
5. Ｆｌｕｉｄ Ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ：
Fluid Mechanics:
Ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ
Pressureｏｎonｓｏｌｉｄｓ
solids ＆& Ｌｉｑｕｉｄｓ， Ｂｕｏｙａｎｃｙ， Ａｒｃｈｉｍｅｄｅｓ
Liquids, Buoyancy, ArchimedesＰｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ，
Principle,Ｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎ．
Flotation.
６．
6. Ｓｏｕｎｄ：
Sound:
Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ
Production ｏｆ ｓｏｕｎｄ， Propagation
of sound, Ｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｓｏｕｎｄ ｉｎ
of sound ｍｅｄｉｕｍ， Ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ
in medium, Frequencyｏｆofｓｏｕｎｄ
soundｗａｖｅｓ，
waves,Ｖｅｌｏａｔｙ
Velocityｏｆofｓｏｕｎｄｓ
soundsｉｎ inｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｍｅｄｉａ，
different media,
Ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ of
Reflection ｏｆsound,
ｓｏｕｎｄ， Applications
Ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ofｏｆreflection
ｒｅｆｌｅｃｉｏｎofｏｆsounds
ｓｏｕｎｄｓ(SONAR,
（ＳＯＮＡＲ， Ｓｏｕｎｄ
SoundＢｏａｒｄ），
Board),Ｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄ ＆ ｉｔ＇ｓ
Ultrasound & it’sＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Applicationｆｏｒ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｎｇ
for detecting
ｄｅｆｅｃｔｓ．
defects.
７．
7. Ｈｅａｔ：
Heat :
Ｈｅａｔ ＆& Ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ，
Heat Temperature,Ｔｈｅｒｍｏｍｅｔｅｒ，
Thermometer, Ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ
Specificｈｅａｔ
heat＆ &ｃａｌｏｒｉｍｅｔｅｒ，
calorimeter,ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ
effects ｏｆ ｈｅａｔ (Expansion
of heat （Ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ ｏｆof ｓｏｌｉｄｓ， Ｌｉｑｕｉｄｓ&＆Gases-
solids, Liquids Ｇａｓｅｓ－
Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ
Generalｌｄｅａ
IdeaＯｎｌｙ），
Only), Ｌａｔｅｎｔ ｈｅａｔ， Anomalous
Latent heat, Ａｎｏｍａｌｏｕｓ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ
behaviorｏｆofｗａｔｅｒ，
water, Ｈｅａｔ
HeatＣａｐａａｉｔｙ
Capacity＆&Ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ
Specificｈｅａｔ
heat ｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ．
capacity.
８．
8. Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ
CurrentＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｉｔｙ：
Electricity :
Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ
Current ｅｌｅｄｒｉａｄｔｙ， Ｅｌｅｃｔｉｃ ｃｅｌｌｓ
electricity, Electric cells ,， Combination
Ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆofｃｅｌｌｓ，
cells, Ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ
Potential ＆& ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ
potential ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ， Ｆｒｅｅ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎ
difference, Free electron ＆&Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ
Electric ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ，
current,
Ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ＆ Ｏｈｍ＇ｓ ｌａｗ， Ｇｒａｐｈｓ ｏｆ Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ Ｖ／ｓ Ｖｏｌｔａｇｅ， Ｒｅｓｉｓｔｉｖｉｔｙ， Ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｓ ＆ Ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｏｒｓ， Ｅｌｅｃｔｉｃ ｓｙｍｂｏｌｓ， Ｒｅｓｉｓｔｏｒ ｉｎ
Resistance & Ohm's law, Graphs of Current V/s Voltage, Resistivity, Conductors & Insulators, Electric symbols, Resistor in
ｓｅｒｉｅｓ
series ＆ｐａｒａｌｌｅｌ，
& parallel, Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ
CurrentＮｕｌｌ
NullＰｏｉｎｔ
Point，, Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ Ｃｉｒｃｕｉｔｓ，Electric
Electric Circuits, ＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃPower
Ｐｏｗｅｒ
９．
9. Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ
Effects ｏｆ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ Current:
of Electric Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ：
Ｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃ
Magneticｅｆｆｅｄ
effectｏｆofｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ
electricｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ
current＆&ｔｈｅｉｒ
theirａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ（ ｓｔｒａｉｇｈｔconductor,
activities( straight ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒ， circular
ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒloop,
ｌｏｏｐ，solenoid),
ｓｏｌｅｎｏｉｄ），Force
Ｆｏｒｃｅ on
ｏｎ ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ
current ｃａｒｒｙｉｎｇ
carrying
ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒ
conductorｄｕｅ
dueｔｏtoＭａｇｎｅｔｉｃ
MagneticＦｉｅｌｄ，
Field,Ｈｅａｔｉｎｇ
HeatingＥｆｆｅｃｔｓ
EffectsｏｆofＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ
Electricｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ．
current.
１０．
10. Ｌｉｇｈｔ；
Light:
Ｍｉｒｒｏｒｓ
Mirrors （Ｒｅｆｌｅｃｉｏｎ）：
(Reflection):Ｌａｗｓ
LawsｏｆofＲｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Reflection＆ &Ｔｈｅｉｒ
TheirＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ，
Activities, Ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
Regular＆ &ｉｒｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
irregularｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ， Ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆｒｅｆｌｅｄｅｄ
reflection, Reflection of reflectedｌｉｇｈｔ，
light, Ｍｉｒｒｏｒ
Mirror &＆
ｔｙｐｅｓ
types ｏｆ ｍｉｒｏｒ， Spherical
of mirror, Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｌ mirrors
ｍｉｒｒｏｒｓ &＆ images
ｉｍａｇｅｓ ｆｏｒｍｅｄ
formedｂｙbyｔｈｅｍ，
them,Ｍａｇｎｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Magnificationｄｕｅ
dueｔｏto ｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｌ
spherical ｍｉｒｏｒｓ．
mirrors.
１１．
11. Ｌｅｎｓ
Lens （Ｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ）：
(Refraction) :
Ｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ
Refraction ｌｉｇｈｔ，Laws
of light, Ｌａｗｓ of
ｏｆ refraction,
ｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ，Refractive
Ｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅindex,
ｉｎｄｅｘ，Dispersion
Ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎ ofｏｆ light,
ｌｉｇｈｔ，Lenses,
Ｌｅｎｓｅｓ，RayＲａｙ ｄｉａｇｒａｍ
diagramｏｆofｒｅｆｒａｃｔｅｄ
refractedｌｉｇｈｔ， Ｓｉｇｎ
light, Sign
ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ，
convention, Ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
Workingｏｆofｈｕｍａｎ
human ｅｙｅeye
＆ｌｅｎｓ， Ｄｅｆｅｃｔｓ
& lens, ｏｆ ｖｉｓｉｏｎ
Defects of visionａｎｄand
ｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｃｏｒｒｅｃｌｉｏｎ，
correction,ｕｓｅ
useｏｆof ｌｅｎｓ．
lens.

（６）
(6)
 Ｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ
Chemistry

1. Ｉｎｓｉｄｅ
Inside ｔｈｅ
the ａｔｏｍ：Ｃｈａｒｇｅｄ ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ
atom : Charged ｉｎinｍａｔｔｅｒ，
particle matter Ｔｙｐｅｓ ｏｆofｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓ，
, Types substances,Ｄａｌｔｏｎ＇ｓ
Dalton’sａｔｏｍｉｃ
atomicｔｈｅｏｒｙ，
theory,
Ｔｈｏｍｓｏｎ＇ｓ
Thomson’s Ｐｌｕｍ
Plumｐｕｄｄｉｎｇ
puddingｍｏｄｅｌ
model ｏｆofａｔｏｍ，
atom,Ｒｕｔｈｅｒｆｏｒｄ＇ｓ
Rutherford’s ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｏｆ
nuclear model ａｔｏｍ and
of atom ａｎｄ
ｓｃａｔｔｅｒｒｉｎｇ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ， Bhor
scatterring experiment, Ｂｈｏｒ＇ｓ ａｔｏｍｉｃ model,
’s atomic ｍｏｄｅｌ， Drawbacks
Ｄｒａｗｂａｃｋｓ ｏｆofＤａｌｔｏｎ＇ｓ
Dalton’s ａｔｏｍｉｃ
atomicｔｈｅｏｒｙ，
theory,
Ｔｈｏｍｓｏｎ＇ｓ
Thomson’sＰｌｕｍ
Plumｐｕｄｄｉｎｇ
puddingｍｏｄｅｌ， Ｒｕｔｈｅｒｆｏｒｄ＇ｓ
model, Ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ
Rutherford’s ｍｏｄｅｌ，
Nuclear Ｓｕｂａｔｏｍｉｃ
model, ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ
Subatomic particles（ｅｌｅｃ－
(elec-
ｔｒｏｎ， ｐｒｏｔｏｎ，neutron),
tron, proton, ｎｅｕｔｒｏｎ），Atomic
Ａｔｏｍｉｃ numeber,
ｎｕｍｅｂｅｒ， mass
ｍａｓｓ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ，
number,ｉｓｏｔｏｐｅｓ
isotopes ａｎｄ
andｉｓｏｂａｒｓ， ｖａｌｅｎｃｙ，,
isobars, valency
Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ ｃｏｎｆｉｇｕｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ
Electronic configuration of ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ，
elements, Ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ
Nuclearｒｅａｃｔｏｒ．
reactor.
２．
2. Ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ
CompositionｏｆofＭａｔｔｅｒ：Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｏｆ of
Matter : Characteristics ｓｔａｔｅｓ
statesｏｆofｍａｔｔｅｒ，
matter, ｅｖａｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ，
evaporation, Ｔｙｐｅｓ
Typesｏｆofｅｌｅ－
ele-
ｍｅｎｔｓ，
ments, ｔｙｐｅｓ
types ｏｆ ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓ， ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ
of compounds, solutionａｎｄ
andｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ
concentrationｏｆofｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ，
solution, ｔｙｐｅｓ
types ｏｆ
of ｍｉｘｔｕｒｅ，
mixture,
ｔｒｕｅ ａｎｄ ｃｏｌｌｏｉｄａｌ
true and ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ molecular
colloidal solution ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒ formula
ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ ａｎｄ
andｖａｌｅｎｃｙ，
valency,ｄｏｔ
dot ａｎｄ
andｃｒｏｓｓ
cross ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ
formulaｆｏｒ
for ｗｒｉｔ－
writ-
ｉｎｇ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ．
ing chemical formula.
３．
3. Ｍｅｔａｌｓ
Metals ａｎｄandＮｏｎｍｅｔａｌｓ：Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ
Nonmetals : Physical ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ ｏｆofｍｅｔａｌｓ
properties metalsａｎｄ
andｎｏｎ
nonｍｅｔａｌｓ，
metals , ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
chemical ｐｒｏｐｅｒ－
proper-
ｔｉｅｓ
ties ofｏｆmetals
ｍｅｔａｌｓand
ａｎｄnon
ｎｏｎ metals
ｍｅｔａｌｓ，, Uses
Ｕｓｅｓ of
ｏｆ metals
ｍｅｔａｌｓ and
ａｎｄ non
ｎｏｎ metals
ｍｅｔａｌｓ
４．
4. Ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ：Ｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ，
Pollution : Pollutants,Ａｉｒ
AirＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ，
Pollution, Ｇｒｅｅｎ
Greenｈｏｕｓｅ
houseｅｆｆｅｃｔ，
effect, Ａｃｉｄ
Acidｒａｉｎｓ，
rains, Ｗａｔｅｒ
Waterｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ，
pollution, Ｐｒｅ－
Pre-
ｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ
ventionａｎｄ
andｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ
controlｏｆofｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ，
pollution,ｓｏｉｌ
soil ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ．
pollution.
５．
5. Ａｃｉｄｓ
Acidsｂａｓｅｓ
basesａｎｄandｓａｌｔｓ：Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ， Ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒ，
salts : Introduction, Indicator,Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ
Effects ｏｆ
of ａｃｉｄ ａｎｄ ｂａｓｅｓ
acid and bases ｏｎ
on ｌｉｔｍｕｓ
litmus ｐａｐｅｒ，
paper,
ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ
properties ｏｆ ａｃｉｄｓ and
of acids ａｎｄ ｂａｓｅｓ
bases ａｎｄ
andｎｅｕｔｒａｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎ．
neutratization.
Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ
Arrheniusｔｈｅｏｒｙ
theoryｏｆ
of ａｃｉｄｓ ａｎｄ ｂａｓｅｓ，
acids and Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ ｏｆ
bases, Concept Ｂｒｏｎｓｔｅｄ ａｃｉｄ
of Bronsted acid ａｎｄ
and ｂａｓｅ， Ｌｅｗｉｓ ａｃｉｄｓ
base, Lewis ａｎｄ
acids and
ｂａｓｅｓ，
bases, ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆacids
classification of ａｃｉｄｓand
ａｎｄ bases,
ｂａｓｅｓ， concentration
ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ of
ｏｆ acids
ａｃｉｄｓ and
ａｎｄ bases,
ｂａｓｅｓ， pH
ｐＨ ｏｆof ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ，
solution,
ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓａｌ indicator,
universal ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒ，Reaction
Ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ ofｏｆacids
ａｃｉｄｓand
ａｎｄbases
ｂａｓｅｓwith
ｗｉｔｈmetals
ｍｅｔａｌｓmetal
ｍｅｔａｌoxides,
ｏｘｉｄｅｓ，Carbonates
Ｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｓ and
ａｎｄ
ｂｉｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｓ，
bicarbonates,Ｔｙｐｅｓ
TypesｏｆofＳａｌｔｓ，
Salts, Ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｓａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ water,
Crystallisation of ｗａｔｅｒ， Electrical
Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌconductivity
ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ of
ｏｆ ionic
ｉｏｎｉｃcom-
ｃｏｍ－
ｐｏｕｎｄｓ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｓｉｓ ｏｆ ｗａｔｅｒ．
pounds Electrolysis of water.
６．
6. Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
Chemical Ｃｈａｎｇｅ
Change ａｎｄ
and Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
Chemical ｂｏｎｄ：Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ，
bond : Introduction, Ｎａｔｕｒａｌ ａｎｄ manmade
Natural and ｍａｎｍａｄｅ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
chemical
ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ，
changes, ｌｏｎｉｃ ｂｏｎｄ， Covalent
Ionic bond, Ｃｏｖａｌｅｎｔ ｂｏｎｄ，
bond, Ｃｏ－ｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅ
Co-ordinateｂｏｎｄ，
bond ｖａｌｅｎｃｙ
, valencyａｎｄ
andｌｏｎｅ
loneｐａｉｒ
pairｏｆｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎ．
of electron.
７．
7. Ｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓ
Substancesｉｎ
in ｃｏｍｍｏｎ
common ｕｓｅ：Ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｓａｌｔｓ
use : Importance ｉｎinｄａｉｌｙ
of salts dailyｌｉｆｅ， ＮａＣｌ， NaHCO
life, NaCl, ＮａＨＣＯ 3，, Ｎａ ＣＯ，3,
Na2CO
ＣａＯＣｌ，
CaOCl2,ＮａＣＯ，
Na2COＰＯＰ（ｔｈｅｉｒ
3
ｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ
, POP ( their ａｎｄ
preparation andｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ）
reaction )
Natureｏｆofｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅ
Ｎａｔｕｒｅ radioactiveｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ，
radiation,Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ
Characteristicsｏｆofａ，,β，γ
,  rays.
ｒａｙｓ．，, Uses of ｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅ
Ｕｓｅｓ ｏｆ radioactiveｉｓｏ－
iso-
ｔｏｐｅｓ， Ｓｏｍｅ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
topes, Some chemicalｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓ
substancesｉｎinｄａｙ
dayｔｏtoｄａｙ
dayｌｉｆｅ．， Ｆｏｏｄ ｃｏｌｏｕｒｓ
life., Food colours ａｎｄ
and ｅｓｓｅｎｃｅｓ，
essences, Ｄｙｅ，
Dye,
Ａｒｔｉｆｉｃａｌ Ｃｏｌｏｕｒｓ，Deodrant,
Artifical Colours, Ｄｅｏｄｒａｎｔ， Teflon,
Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ，Powder
Ｐｏｗｄｅｒ Coating,
Ｃｏａｔｉｎｇ， Anodizing,
Ａｎｏｄｉｚｉｎｇ， Ceramic
Ｃｅｒａｍｉｃ ａｎｄ
andＰｏｒｃｅｌａｉｎ．
Porcelain.
８．
8. Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
ChemicalＲｅａｃｔｉｏｎ
Reaction ａｎｄ
and ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，
equations : Chemical reaction,Ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ，
Combination,Ｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ，
Decomposition,Ｄｉｓ－
Dis-
ｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ， Ｄｏｕｂｌｅ Ｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ，
placement, Double Displacement, Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
ChemicalＥｑｕａｔｉｏｎ
Equationａｎｄandｂａｌａｎｃｉｎｇ
balancingｏｆ
of ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
chemical ｅｑｕａ－
equa-
ｔｉｏｎ， Ｔｙｐｅｓ of
tion, Types ｏｆ Chemical
Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓ， Ｅｘｏｔｈｅｒｍｉｃ ａｎｄ
reactions, Exothermic andｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｍｉｃ
endothermicｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓ，
reactions,Ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ
Factorsａｆｆｅｃｔ－
affect-
ｉｎｇ
ing ｔｈｅ ｒａｔｅ ofｏｆchemical
the rate ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌreactions,
ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓ，Oxidation
Ｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎand
ａｎｄreduction,
ｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ，Oxidation
Ｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ number,
ｎｕｍｂｅｒ， ｏｘｉｄｉｓｉｎｇ
oxidising
ａｇｅｎｔ and
agent ａｎｄ ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ
reducing ａｇｅｎｔ， Ｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎ ａｎｄ
agent, Corrosion andＲａｎｃｉｄｉｔｙ．
Rancidity.
９．
9. Ｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ：Ｒｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ
Metallurgy : Reactivityｓｅｒｉｅｓ
series ｏｆ ｍｅｔａｌｓ， Ionic
of metals, ＩｏｎｉｃCompounds
Ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓ ａｎｄ
andＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ
Propertiesｏｆ
of ｉｏｎｉｃ ｃｏｍ－
ionic com-
ｐｏｕｎｄｓ，
pounds ,Ｂａｓｉｃ
BasicＰｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ ｏｆMetallurgy,
Principles of Ｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ，Conc
Ｃｏｎｃ ofｏｆOres,
Ｏｒｅｓ，Gravitation
ＧｒａｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎMethod,
Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ，Magnetic
ＭａｇｎｅｔｉｃＳｅｐａ－
Sepa-
ｒａｔｉｏｎ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ， Ｆｒｏｔｈ
ration Method, Froth Ｆｌｏａｔａｔｉｏｎ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ， Ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ．
Floatation Method, Leaching.Ｒｏａｓｔｉｎｇ
Roastingａｎｄ
andｃａｌｃｉｎａｔｉｏｎ．
calcination.
Ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ
Extraction ｏｆ ｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅ Metals,
of reactive Ｍｅｔａｌｓ， Moderately
Ｍｏｄｅｒａｔｅｌｙ Ｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅ
Reactiveｍｅｔａｌｓ，
metals,Ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ
Extractionｏｆofｌｅｓｓ
less ｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅ Ｍｅｔ－
reactive Met-
ａｌｓ， ＥｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎofｏｆAluminium
als, Extraction Ａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍ， ,Ｒｅｆｉｎｉｎｇ
RefiningｏｆofＭｅｔａｌｓ，
Metals, Ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ
Preventionｏｆof Ｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎ．
Corrosion.Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
Different ｏｒｅｓ
ores
ｏｆ ｉｒｏｎ，, copper
of iron ｃｏｐｐｅｒ and
ａｎｄ aluminium.
ａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍ．
(（７）
7)
１０．
10. Ｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃ
Periodic Ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Classification of ｏｆ elements
ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ：Ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
: Classification ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ，
elements, Ｄｏｂｅｒｅｉｎｅｒ＇ｓ
Dobereiner ’s Ｔｒｉａｄｓ，
Triads,
Ｎｅｗｌａｎｄ＇ｓ
Newland’sＬａｗ LawｏｆofＯｃｔａｖｅｓ，
Octaves,Ｍｅｎｄｅｌｅｅｖ＇ｓ
Mendeleev’sＰｅｒｉｏｄｉｃ
Periodic ｔａｂｌｅ， Ｍｅｒｉｔｓand
table, Merits ａｎｄ demerits,
ｄｅｍｅｒｉｔｓ，Modern
Ｍｏｄｅｒｎ
Ｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃ table
Periodic ｔａｂｌｅ and
ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ，Groups,
its structure, Ｇｒｏｕｐｓ， Periods
Ｐｅｒｉｏｄｓ and
ａｎｄ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ ｃｏｎｆｉｇｕｒａｔｉｏｎｓ， Periodic
electronic configurations, Ｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃ
ｔｒｅｎｄｓ
trends ｉｎ ｔｈｅ modern
in the ｍｏｄｅｒｎ ｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃ
periodicｔａｂｌｅ，
table, Ｖａｌｅｎｃｙ， Ａｔｏｍｉｃ ｓｉｚｅ，
Valency, Atomic ｌｏｎｉｃ size,
size, Ionic ｓｉｚｅ，Metallic
Ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃand
ａｎｄNon
Ｎｏｎ
ｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃ ｎａｔｕｒｅ， Ionisation
metallic nature, ｌｏｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ energy,
ｅｎｅｒｇｙ， Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｅｇａｔｉｖｉｔｙ．
Electronegativity.
１１．
11. Ｓｔｕｄｙ
Studyｏｆ Ｇａｓ Ｌａｗｓ：Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ
of Gas Laws : PropertiesＯｆOfＧａｓｅｓ，
Gases,Ｌｉｑｕｉｄｓ
LiquidsＡｎｄ
AndＳｏｌｉｄｓ，
Solids, Ｂｏｙｌｅ＇Ｓ Ｌａｗ， Charle’S
Boyle’S Law, Ｃｈａｒｌｅ＇Ｓ Law,
Ｌａｗ，
Ｇａｓ Ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ，
Gas Equation, Ａｂｓｏｌｕｔｅ
Absolute Ｚｅｒｏ
Zero Ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ，
Temperature, Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ
StandardＴｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ，
Temperature,Ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ，
Pressure, Ｎ．Ｔ．Ｐ． Ａｎｄ
N.T.P. And
Ｓ．Ｔ．Ｐ． Ｄａｌｔｏｎ＇ｓlaw
S.T.P. Dalton’s ｌａｗofｏｆpartial
ｐａｒｔｉａｌpressure,
ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ， ＤｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎandａｎｄEffusion
Diffusion Ｅｆｆｕｓｉｏｎof ｏｆｇａｓｅｓ， Ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｉｏｎ study
gases, Comparision ｓｔｕｄｙ
ｏｆ ｉｄｅａｌ gas
of ideal ｇａｓ and
ａｎｄ ｒｅａｌ
real ｇａｓ．
gas.
１２．
12. Ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ
MeasurementｏｆofＭａｔｔｅｒ（Ｍｏｌｅ
Matter ( MoleＣｏｎｃｅｐｔ）：
Concept )Ｌａｗｓ ＯｆOf
: Laws Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
ChemicalＣｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ，
Combination,Ｌａｗ
Lawｏｆofｃｏｎ－
con-
ｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆmass,
servation of ｍａｓｓ，Atom
Ａｔｏｍ－Ｓｈａｐｅ，
- Shape,Ｍａｓｓ，
Mass,Ｖａｌｅｎｃｙ， Ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒ Mass,
Valency, Molecular Ｍａｓｓ， Atomic
Ａｔｏｍｉｃ Mass,
Ｍａｓｓ， Formula
Ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ
Ｍａｓｓ，
Mass, Ｒａｄｉｃａｌｓ， Ｉｏｎｓ，Mole
Radicals, Ions, ＭｏｌｅConcept
Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ -－Avogadro’s
Ａｖｏｇａｄｒｏ＇ｓ Number,
Ｎｕｍｂｅｒ， Ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ Ｏｆ Ｍｏｌｅｓ，
Calculation Of Moles, Ｍａｓｓ，
Mass,
Ａｔｏｍｓ，
Atoms,Ｎｏ．Ｏｆ
No. OfＰａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ， Ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎofｏｆmole
Particles, Relation ｍｏｌｅwith
ｗｉｔｈmass,
ｍａｓｓ，number
ｎｕｍｂｅｒ &＆ volume.
ｖｏｌｕｍｅ．
１３．
13. Ｃａｒｂｏｎ
Carbon Ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓ：Ｖａｌｅｎｃｙ， Ｃａｔｅｎａｔｉｏｎ
Compounds : Valency, CatenationＯｆOfＣａｒｂｏｎ，
Carbon,Ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
FormationＯｆ
OfＤｏｕｂｌｅ
DoubleＡｎｄ
AndＴｒｉｐｌｅ
Triple
Ｂｏｎｄ，
Bond, Ｉｓｏｍｅｒｉｓｍ
Isomerism Ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ
Including Ｓｉｎｇｌｅ， Ｈｏｍｏｌｏｇｏｕｓ Ｓｅｒｉｅｓ
Single, Homologous ｏｆAlkane,
Series of Ａｌｋａｎｅ， Alkene,
Ａｌｋｅｎｅ，Alkyne
Ａｌｋｙｎｅ And
Ａｎｄ
Ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ Ｗｉｔｈ Molecular
Relation With Ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒ Ｍａｓｓ，
Mass, Ｔｙｐｅｓ
Types ｏｆ
of ｃａｒｂｏｎ
carbon ａｎｄ
and ｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎ
hydrogen（Ｉｎ
(Inｔｅｒｍｓ
termsｏｆ
of ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ，
primary,
secondary, tertiary and
ｓｅｃｏｎｄａｒｙ， ｔｅｒｔｉａｒｙ ａｎｄ quaternary).
ｑｕａｔｅｒｎａｒｙ）．
Ｎｏｍｅｎｃｌａｔｕｒｅ
Nomenclature ＯｆＳｉｍｐｌｅ
Of SimpleＣｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓ
Compounds Ｈａｖｉｎｇ Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌ
Having FunctionalＧｒｏｕｐｓ
GroupsＩｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ Ｄｏｕｂｌｅ Bond
Including Double Ｂｏｎｄ
Ａｎｄ
AndＴｒｉｐｌｅ
Triple Ｂｏｎｄ，
Bond, Ａｌｃｏｈｏｌ，
Alcohol, Ａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ
Aldehydeａｎｄ
andａｃｉｄ，
acid, Ｂｏｎｄ ｌｉｎｅ
Bond lineｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ
representationｏｆ
of ｏｒｇａｎｉ
organi
ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ
compound.
Ｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎ， Method
Hydrocarbon, Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ Ｏｆ
Of Ｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ Ｏｆ Alkane,
Preparation Of Ａｌｋａｎｅ，Alkene
ＡｌｋｅｎｅAnd
Ａｎｄ Alkyne
Ａｌｋｙｎｅ And
Ａｎｄ Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
Chemical
Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ Ａｎｄ Ｕｓｅｓ
Properties And UsesＡｌｓｏ，
Also,Ｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎ，
Combustion,ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ，
addition,ｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ，
oxidation,ｓｕｂｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ
substitutionｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓ．
reactions.
Ｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ（Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ
Preparation Properties Ａｎｄ Chemical
( Physical And Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ Both
Ｂｏｔｈ）Ｏｆ
) Of Ａｌｃｏｈｏｌ
Alcohol （ Ｅｔｈａｎｏｌ） And
( Ethanol) Ａｎｄ
Ｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｉｃ Ａｃｉｄ（Ａｃｅｔｉｃ
Carboxylic Acid ( AceticＡｃｉｄ）
Acid )Ｕｓｅｓ
UsesＯｆOfＡｌｃｏｈｏｌ
AlcoholＡｎｄ
AndＡｃｅｔｉｃ
AceticＡｃｉｄ．
Acid. Ｓｏａｐｓ
Soaps ａｎｄ
andｄｅｔｅｒｇｅｎｔｓ
detergents
Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ
Methodｏｆofｃｌｅａｎｉｎｇ
cleaningａｃｔｉｏｎ
actionｏｆ
of ｓｏａｐ．
soap.
Ｏｃｃｕｒａｎｃｅ
Occuranceｏｆ ｃａｒｂｏｎ， allotropes,
of carbon, ａｌｌｏｔｒｏｐｅｓ，Carbondioxide
Ｃａｒｂｏｎｄｉｏｘｉｄｅand
ａｎｄMethane
Ｍｅｔｈａｎｅ：Ｏｃｃｕｒａｎｃｅ，
: Occurance,Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ ａｎｄ
Properties and
Ｕｓｅｓ．
Uses.
We must win
１４．
14. Ｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ
Synthetic Ｆｉｂｒｅｓ
Fibres ａｎｄ
andＰｌａｓｔｉｃｓ：Ｎａｔｕｒａｌ
Plastics : Naturalａｎｄ
andａｒｔｉｆｉｃａｌ ｆｉｂｒｅｓ（Ｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ）
artifical fibres ( Synthetic )
Ｔｙｐｅｓ
Typesｏｆofｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ
syntheticｆｉｂｒｅｓ，
fibres, Ｃｈａｒａｃｅｔｒｓｔｉｃｓ
Characetrsticsｏｆofｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃ
syntheticｆｉｂｒｅｓ．
fibres.
Ｐｌａｓｔｉｃｓ and
Plastics ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ．
its characteristics.
Ｐｌａｓｔｉｃ ａｎｄenvironment.
Plastic and ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．（Ｂｉｏｄｅｇｒａｄａｂｌｅ， Ｎｏｎ Biodegradable)
(Biodegradable, Non Ｂｉｏｄｅｇｒａｄａｂｌｅ）
１５．
15. Ｃｏａｌ
Coal ａｎｄ
and Ｐｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍ：Ｎａｔｕｒａｌ
Petroleum : Natural ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，
resources,（Ｅｘｈａｕｓｔｉｂｌｅ
(Exhaustible ａｎｄ
and Ｉｎｅｘｈａｕｓｔｉｂｌｅ）Ｃｏａｌ，
Inexhaustible ) Coal,
Ｐｅｔｒｏｌｉｕｍ：Ｒｅｆｉｎｉｎｇ，
Petrolium : Refining Ｎａｔｕｒａｌ
, Naturalｇａｓ，
gas,Ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ
Limitedｎａｔｕｒａｌ
natural ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ， Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ of
sources, Introduction ｏｆOctane
Ｏｃｔａｎｅnumber
ｎｕｍｂｅｒ
ａｎｄ
and Ｃｅｔａｎｅ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ．
Cetane number.
Ｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ
Combustion ｆｌａｍｅ：
and flameＣｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ and
: Combustion ｉｔｓ its
ｔｙｐｅｓ， ｆｌａｍｅ，
types, ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
flame, structureｏｆofｆｌａｍｅ
flame，, ｆｕｅｌ ａｎｄ
fuel and
ｆｕｅｌ ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙand
fuel efficiency ａｎｄ harmful
ｈａｒｍｆｕｌ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ．
product.

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 Ｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ
Biology

Ｕｎｉｔ ｌ：－
Unit Ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙinｉｎliving
I:- Diversity ｌｉｖｉｎｇOrganism
Ｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍ
１．
1. Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｉｓisｌｉｖｉｎｇ
living ?？
・Ｗｈａｔ
 ｉｓ
Whatｔｈｅisｂａｓｉｓ ｏｆ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
the basis of classification.

●
Ｎｅｅｄ
Needｏｆofｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．．
classification..

● Ｂｉｎｏｍｉａｌ
Binomial ｎｏｍｅｎｃｌａｔｕｒｅ．
nomenclature.Ｒｕｌｅｓ Rules ｏｆ． Ｂｉｎｏｍｉａｌ nomenclature.
of. Binomial ｎｏｍｅｎｃｌａｔｕｒｅ．

●
Ｔｈｅ
Theｈｉｅｒａｒｃｈｙ
hierarchyｏｆofｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
classification.
２．
2. Ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ
Biological ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
classification

● Ｒ．Ｈ． Ｗｈｉｔｔａｋｅｒｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｆofｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
R.H. Whittakersystem classification.

● Ｍｏｎｅｒａ．（
Monera.(ＢｒｉｅｆBrief ｉｄｅａ）
idea)
●
Ｐｒｏｔｉｓｔａ．（
Protista..( Ｂｒｉｅｆ ｉｄｅａ）
Brief idea)

● Ｆｕｎｇｉ
Fungiｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ，
definition,ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎ，
nutrition, ｉｔｓ ｍａｊｏｒ ｃｌａｓｓ．
its major class.

＇
● Ｐｌａｎｔａｅ
PlantaeＩｎIn ｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief. Ａｎｉｍａｌｉａ
Animaliaｉｎinｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
 Ｖｉｒｕｓ，ｙｖｉｒｏｉｄ，ｌｉｃｈｅｎ．（ Ｂｒｉｅｆ idea)
Virus,,viroid, lichen..( Brief ｉｄｅａ）
３．
3. Ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Classification ｏｆ of ｐｌａｎｔｓ．
plants.
●｜Ｂａｓｉｓ Basisｏｆofｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
classification.
 Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ
General characteristicｆｅａｔｕｒｅ
ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃ featureｏｆ of ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
following ｇｒｏｕｐｓ．
groups.
 Ｔｈａｌｌｏｐｈｙｔａ， Ｂｒｙｏｐｈｙｔａ， Ｐｔｅｒｉｄｏｐｈｙｔａ．
Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta.
 Ｇｙｍｎｏｓｐｅｒｍ，
Gymnosperm, Ａｎｇｉｏｓｐｅｒｍ．
Angiosperm.
４．
4. Ａｎｉｍａｌ
Animalｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
classification.
 Ｎｅｗ
Newｍｅｔｈｏｄ
method ｏｆ of
ｓｙｓｔｅｍ
systemｏｆ ofａｎｉｍａｌ
animal ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
classification.
・ＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔDifferent criteria for classification, Gradeｏｆ
ｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａ ｆｏｒ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ， Ｇｒａｄｅ of ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，Ｂｏｄｙ
organization,BodyＯｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，
Organization, Ｇｅｒｍ
Germｌａｙｅｒｓ，
layers,
Ｂｏｄｙ ｃａｖｉｔｙ，
Body Ｂｏｄｙ segmentation.
cavity, Body ｓｅｇｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ．
ＦＦｒｏｍ Fromｐｈｙｌｕｍ
phylumｐｏｒｉｆｅｒａ
poriferaｔｏ to ｃｈｏｒｄａｔａ．
chordata. Non Ｎｏｎ ｃｈｏｒｄａｔｅｓ
chordates ｕｐ up ｐｈｙｌｕｍ
phylumｌｅｖｅｌ ｅｌｅｖｅｎ and
level eleven ａｎｄ chodrates
ｃｈｏｄｒａｔｅｓ
ｕｐ ｔｏ ｃｌａｓｓ ｌｅｖｅｌ
up to class level.
Ｕｎｉｔ：－ｌｌCell
Unit:-II Ｃｅｌｌbiology
ｂｉｏｌｏｇｙand ａｎｄ organisation
ｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎ
１．
1. Ｔｈｅ
Theｃｅｌｌ
cell
 Ｗｈａｔ
Whatａｒｅ areｌｉｖｉｎｇ Ｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍ？
living Organism?
 Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
Structure of prokaryoticａｎｄ，
ｏｆ ｐｒｏｋａｒｙｏｔｉｃ and,Ｅｕｋａｒｙｏｔｉｃ
Eukaryotic ｃｅｌｌ
cellｉｎinｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
 Ｗｈａｔ ｉｓ
What ＣｅｌｌMade
is Cell Ｍａｄｅ Up?
Ｕｐ？
 Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
Structure andａｎｄ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ａｎｉｍａｌ
difference between animalａｎｄandｐｌａｎｔ
plant Ｃｅｌｌ？
Cell?
 Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ
Conceptｏｆofｃｅｌｌcellｔｈｅｏｒｙ．
theory.ＩｎInｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
 Ｐｌａｓｍａ
Plasma ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ
membrane ｏｒorｃｅｌｌ
cell ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ
membrane ａｎｄandｉｔ＇ｓ
it’s ｒｏｌｅ
role
 Ｃｅｌｌ Ｗａｌｌ．
Cell Wall.
 Ｎａｔｕｒｅ
Natureｏｆ of ｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍ
cytoplasmａｎｄ andｃｅｌｌcell ｏｒｇａｎｅｌｌｅｓ
organelles
 Ｅｎｄｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃ
Endoplasmicｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｕｍ．
reticulum.Ｉｔｓ Its ｔｙｐｅ
type ａｎｄ
andｒｏｌｅ．
role.
 Ｇｏｌｇｉ
Golgi ａｐｐａｒａｔｕｓ
apparatusａｎｄ andｉｔ＇ｓ
it’s ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ．
function.
 Ｐｌａｓｔｉｃ ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｌａｓｔ，mitochondria.
Plastic chloroplast, ｍｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａ．
 Ｌｙｓｏｓｏｍｅ，Ｖａｃｕｏｌｅ
Lysosome , Vacuole
 Ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｓ
Chromosomes ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
structure ｉｎ inｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
２．
2. Ｃｅｌｌ ｃｙｃｌｅ and
Cell cycle ａｎｄ ｃｅｌｌ ｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ
cell division
 Ｃｅｌｌ ｃｙｃｌｅ phases.
Cell cycle ｐｈａｓｅｓ．
 Ｍｉｔｏｓｉｓ
Mitosis ａｎｄ
andｉｔｓ ｐｈａｓｅｓ．
its phases.
● Ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｍｉｔｏｓｉｓ．
Significance of mitosis.
 Ｍｅｉｏｓｉｓ
Meiosisａｎｄ andｉｔｓ ｐｈａｓｅｓ．
its phases.
 Ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ
Significance ｏｆ ｍｅｉｏｓｉｓ．
of meiosis.

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３．
3. Ｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ
Biochemistryｏｆofｌｉｖｉｎｇ
living

● Ｂｉｏ ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ Concept
Bio molecule Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ
 Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｒｙ
Introductory ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ
conceptｏｆ of ｍａｊｏｒ
majorｂｉｏｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓ
biomoleculesｌｉｋｅ
like ｃａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅ
carbohydrateｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ
proteinｆａｔ．
fat.
 Ｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ

・
Metabolism
４．
4. Ｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙ
Morphologyｏｆofａｎｇｉｏｓｐｅｒｍｉｃ
angiospermicｐｌａｎｔ plant
 Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
Structureａｎｄ andｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
modificationｏｆofｒｏｏｔ， root,ｓｔｅｍ
stemａｎｄ
andｌｅａｖｅｓ
leavesｉｎinｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
● ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
structure ｏｆof ｆｌｏｗｅｒ
flower ａｎｄ andｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｐａｒｔｓ．
parts.
● Ｐｌａｃｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ．
Placentation.
●
 Ａｅｓｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎ．
Aestivation.
● Ｉｎｆｌｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅ
Inflorescence ａｎｄ andｔｈｅｉｒ ｍａｊｏｒ ｔｙｐｅｓ．
their major types.
 Ｔｙｐｅｓ ｏｆ ｓｅｅｄ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ．
Types of seed their structure.
５．
5. Ｐｌａｎｔ Ｔｉｓｓｕｅ
Plant Tissue
 Ｍｅｒｉｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃ ｔｉｓｓｕｅtissue
Meristematic ａｎｄ andｉｔｓ its
ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
different ｔｙｐｅ．
type.
●
 Ｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔ
Permanentｔｉｓｓｕｅ．
tissue.
・ ＴｙｐｅｓTypes
ｏｆ ｓｉｍｐｌｅ
of simple ａｎｄand ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ
complex ｔｉｓｓｕｅ．
tissue.
６．
6. Ａｎｉｍａｌ
Animalｔｉｓｓｕｅ
tissue
・Ｔｙｐｅｓ
 ｏｆ ｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌ
Types of epithelial ｔｉｓｓｕｅ．
tissue.
● Ｔｙｐｅｓ
Typesｏｆof ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ．
connectivity.
●
Ｔｙｐｅｓ
Typesｏｆ of ｍｕｓｃｕｌａｒ
muscularｔｉｓｓｕｅ．
tissue.
・Ｔｙｐｅｓ
 ｏｆ ｎｅｒｖｏｕｓ
Types of nervous ｔｉｓｓｕｅ．
tissue.
Ｕｎｉｔ：－ＩＩＩ－Ｉ－Ｐｌａｎｔ
Unit:- ｌｉｆｅprocesses.
III-I-Plant life ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ．
１．
1. Ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ
Transportｉｎ in ｐｌａｎｔ．
plant.
 Ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｗａｔｅｒ．
Transportation of water.
● Ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎ
Transportation ｏｆofｆｏｏｄ
foodａｎｄ andｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓ．
substances.
● Ｍｅａｎｓ
Meansｏｆofｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ．
transport.
● Ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ
Measurement ｏｆ ofｔｒａｎｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ．
transpiration.
● Ｔｙｐｅｓ
Typesｏｆ of
ｔｒａｎｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ．
transpiration.
 Ｇｕｔｔａｔｉｏｎ
Guttation ａｎｄandｂｌｅｅｄｉｎｇ．
bleeding.
２．
2. Ｍｉｎｅｒａｌ
Mineral ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎ ｉｍｐｌａｎｔ
nutrition implant
● ＢｒｉｅｆBrief
ｉｄｅａidea
ａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅtheｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎ
nutritionｉｎinｐｌａｎｔ．
plant.
 Ｈｙｄｒｏｐｏｎｉｃｓ
Hydroponicsｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｒｙ
introductory ｉｄｅａ idea
・Ｔｙｐｅｓ ｏｆ ｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｉｒ
Types of nutrient and their role ｒｏｌｅ
３．
3. Ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ．
Respiration.
 Ａｅｒｏｂｉｃ
Aerobicａｎｄandａｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃ
anaerobicｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ．
respiration.
● ＬｉｖｉｎｇOrganism
Living Ｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍ and ａｎｄ energy
ｅｎｅｒｇｙ production.
ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ．
● Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
Structure ｏｆof ＡＴＰ．
ATP.
● Ｇｌｙｃｏｌｙｓｉｓ．
Glycolysis.
● Ｔｒｉ
Tri ｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｉｃ
carboxylicａｃｉｄacidｃｙｃｌｅ．
cycle.
● Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎ
Electron ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ
transport ｃｈａｉｎ．
chain.
●
 Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ ｆｒｏｍ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｆｏｏｄ ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔ．
ｌ Energy from different food component.

 Ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙ
RespiratoryＱｕｏｔｉｅｎｔ．
Quotient.
４．
4. Ｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ ｉｎin ｈｉｇｈｅｒ
Photosynthesis higher ｐｌａｎｔ．
plant.
 Ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｄｏｘ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ
Definition redox reaction of ｏｆ photosynthesis.
ｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ．
 Ｐｈａｓｅｓ
Phases ｏｆ ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ ｏｆofｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ．
of mechanism photosynthesis.
 Ｐｈｏｔｏｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｙｌａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ
Photophosphorylation in brief. ｂｒｉｅｆ．
 Ｄａｒｋ
Darkｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ．
reaction.ＩｎInｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
 Ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ
Significance of ｏｆ photosynthesis.
ｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ．
(（１０）
10 )
５．
5. Ｐｌａｎｔ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ and
Plant growth ａｎｄ development
ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ
 Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ
Conceptｏｆ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ．
of growth.
●
 Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｏｆ ｓｅｅｄ．
Structure of seed.
● Ｔｙｐｅｓ
Types ｏｆ ｓｅｅｄ germination
of seed ｇｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ
● ｇｒｏｗｔｈ
growthａｎｄandｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｉｏｎ
differentiation.
●
 Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ
Difference between growthｒｅｇｕｌａｔｏｒｓ
regulatorsａｎｄandｇｒｏｗｔｈ
growthｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｓ
inhibitors
 ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙ
discovery andａｎｄ major
ｍａｊｏｒ role
ｒｏｌｅof ｏｆhormones.
ｈｏｒｍｏｎｅｓ．
(（ａｕｘｉｎ，， ｇｉｂｂｅｒｅｌｌｉｎ，ｃｙｔｏｋｉｎｉｎ， abscisic
auxin,, gibberellin,cytokinin, ａｂｓｃｉｓｉｃ acid
ａｃｉｄ and
ａｎｄ ethylene.).
ｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ．）．
Ｕｎｉｔ－ＩＩＩ－ＩＩ
Unit-III-II ＡＮＩＭＡＬLIFE
ANIMAL ＬＩＦＥPROCESSES.
ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＥＳ．
１．
1. Ｎｅｒｖｏｕｓ ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｉｏｎ．．
Nervous coordination..
 Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
Structure ｏｆ ｎｅｕｒｏｎ．．
of neuron..
● Ｎｅｒｖｏｕｓ
Nervous ｓｙｓｔｅｍ
system ｉｎ ｈｕｍａｎｓ．
in humans.
● Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ ｎｅｒｖｏｕｓ system.
Central nervous ｓｙｓｔｅｍ．
● Ｐｅｒｉｐｈｅｒａｌ ｎｅｒｖｏｕｓ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ．．
Peripheral nervous system..
● Ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ
Autonomousｎｅｒｖｏｕｓnervousｓｙｓｔｅｍ．
system.
●
 Ｒｅｆｌｅｘ
Reflex ａｃｔｉｏｎ．．
action..
 Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
Chemicalｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ．．
control..
２．
2. Ｈｏｒｍｏｎａｌ
HormonalＣｏ Coｏｒｄｉｎａｔｉｏｎ
ordination
・ Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
Differentｅｎｄｏｃｒｉｎｅ
endocrineｇｌａｎｄ gland ｉｎ ｈｕｍａｎ．
in human.
 Ｐｉｔｕｉｔａｒｙgland
Pituitary ｇｌａｎｄandａｎｄ their
ｔｈｅｉｒhormone.
ｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ．
 Ｔｈｙｒｏｉｄ
Thyroid ｇｌａｎｄ
gland andａｎｄ their
ｔｈｅｉｒhormone.
ｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ．
３．
3. Ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙ system
Respiratory ｓｙｓｔｅｍ in ｉｎhuman.
ｈｕｍａｎ．
 Ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ in
Respiratory system ｉｎhuman.
ｈｕｍａｎ．
 Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
Structure ｏｆof ｌｕｎｇｓ．
lungs.
●
 Ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌ ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ．．
External respiration..
● Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌ
Internal ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ．
respiration.
● Ｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒ
Cellular ｌｅｖｅｌ
level ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ．
respiration.
● Ｂｒｅａｔｈｉｎｇ
Breathing.
 Ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｆ Altitude
Effect of Ａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅ on ｏｎ ｂｒｅａｔｈｉｎｇ．
breathing.
 Ａｓｐｈｙｘｉａｔｉｏｎ， Ｅｍｐｈｙｓｅｍａ， Ｈｙｐｏｘｉａ．
Asphyxiation, Emphysema, Hypoxia.
４．
4. Ｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｏｎ
Digestion in ｉｎhuman..
ｈｕｍａｎ．．
 Ｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｖｅ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ inｉｎhuman.
Digestive system ｈｕｍａｎ．
 Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
Different ｏｒｇａｎ
organｏｆ of ｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｖｅ
digestive ｓｙｓｔｅｍ
systemａｎｄandｔｈｅｉｒ
theirＨｉｓｔｏｌｏｇｙ．．
Histology..
 Ｇｌａｎｄｓ
Glandsｒｅｌａｔｅｄ
relatedｔｏ to ｔｈｅ
the ｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｖｅ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ．
digestive system..
 Ｐｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙ
Physiologyｏｆ of ｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｏｎ．
digestion.
 Ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ
Diseasesｒｅｌａｔｅｄ
relatedｔｏtoｔｈｅ theｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｖｅ
digestive ｓｙｓｔｅｍ…
system..
Ｕｎｉｔ：－
Unit:- IVＩＶReproduction
ＲｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎBIOLOGY
ＢＩＯＬＯＧＹ
１．
1. Ａｓｅｘｕａｌ
Asexual ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ
reproduction ｉｎ ｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍ
in organism
●ＢｉｎａｒｙBinary
ｆｉｓｓｉｏｎ ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ
fission multipleｆｉｓｓｉｏｎ
fissionｂｕｄｄｉｎｇ
buddingｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ
fragmentationｒｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ
regenerationｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｖｅ ｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎ
vegetative propagation
ｓｐｏｒｅ ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
spore formation.
・ Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ ｏｆ of
Concept ｇｒａｆｔｉｎｇ．
grafting.
●Ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ
 ｏｆ ａｓｅｘｕａｌ
Importance of asexual ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ
reproduction
２．
2. Ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｉｎ
Sexual reproduction In plantｐｌａｎｔ
・Ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ
 ｆｌｏｗｅｒ
Typical ａｎｄ and
flower ｉｔｓ its
ｐａｒｔpart
ａｎｄand
ｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｒｏｌｅ．
role.
 Ｐｏｌｌｉｎａｔｉｏｎ
● Pollination ｓｅｌｆ
selfａｎｄ
andｃｒｏｓｓ．
cross.
● ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ
significance ｏｆof ｐｏｌｌｉｎａｔｉｏｎ．
pollination.
● Ａｇｅｎｔｓ
Agentsｏｆofｐｏｌｌｉｎａｔｉｏｎ．
pollination.
●
 Ｍａｌｅ ｆｅｍａｌｅ
Male ｇａｍｅｔｅ ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
female gamete formation
 Ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ double
Fertilization and ｄｏｕｂｌｅ ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ．
fertilization .
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３．
3. Ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ In
Sexual reproduction Ｉｎ human
ｈｕｍａｎ ｂｅｉｎｇ．
being.

●
Ｍａｌｅ
Maleａｎｄ
andｆｅｍａｌｅ
femaleｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ
reproductiveｓｙｓｔｅｍ．．
system..

●
Ｈｉｓｔｏｌｏｇｙ
Histologyｏｆof ｔｅｓｔｉｓ ａｎｄ ｏｖａｒｙ．．
testis and ovary..

●
Ｍｅｎｓｔｒｕａｌ
Menstrualｃｙｃｌｅ．
cycle.
● Ｇａｍｅｔｅ
Gameteｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ．．
formation..
●
 Ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ．
Fertilization.
●｜Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ
Developmentａｎｄ andｂｉｒｔｈ
birth.
４．
4. Ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ
Reproductiveｈｅａｌｔｈ．．
health..
● Ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ
Definition andａｎｄ concept
ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ ｏｆ of ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ
reproductive ｈｅａｌｔｈ
health ｍａｊｏｒ．
major.
●
 Ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ
Reproduction ａｎｄandｍｏｄｅｒｎ
modern ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ．
technique.ＩＶＦ． IVF.
 Ｓｐｅｒｍ
Sperm ｂａｎｋ．
bank.
Ｕｎｉｔ：－Ｖ Ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ sand
Unit:-V Genetic ｓａｎｄ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ
general ｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ
biology
１．
1. Ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ
Genetic ｂａｓｉｓ
basis ｏｆ ｉｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅ
of inheritance
・Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ
 ｏｆ ｉｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅ
Concept ｏｒ ｈｅｒｅｄｉｔｙ－Ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ
of inheritance or heredity- Definition ｏｆ ｈｅｒｅｄｉｔｙ，
of heredity,ｈｅｒｅｄｉｔａｒｙ ｔｒａｉｔｓ
hereditary traitsｉｎin ｐｌａｎｔ ａｎｉｍａｌ
plant animal
ｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ and
bacteria ａｎｄ human
ｈｕｍａｎ ｂｅｉｎｇ．
being.
・Ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
 Importantｔｅｒｍｓ ｔｏ to
terms ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ
understandｔｈｅ theＭｅｎｄｅｌｉｓｍ．－
Mendelism. –ＤｏｍｉｎａｎｔDominantｒｅｃｅｓｓｉｖｅ ｈｏｍｏｚｙｇｏｕｓ
recessive homozygous
ｈｅｔｅｒｏｚｙｇｏｕｓ
heterozygous ｇｅｎｏｔｙｐｅ
genotype ｐｈｅｎｏｔｙｐｅ
phenotypeｇｅｎｅｓ genesａｌｌｅｌｏｍｏｒｐｈ．
allelomorph.
・ Ｍｅｎｄｅｌｉａｎ
Mendelianｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅ
procedure ｏｆ ofｃｒｏｓｓｉｎｇ
crossingｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ．
technique.
Ｍｅｎｄｅｌｓ ｎｒｉｎｃｉｎｌｅ ｏｆ ｂｅｒｅｄｉｔｙ ｍｅｎｅｂｖｂｒｉｄ ｃｒｅｓｓ ａｎｄ ｄｉｂｖｂｒｉｄ ｃｒｅｓｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｅｖａｍｐｌｅ ａｎｄ
 Mendel’s principle of heredity monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross with example and
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ．
problem.
● Ｍｅｎｄｅｌ＇ｓ ｌａｗｓ laws
Mendel’s ｏｆ ｉｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅ→
of inheritance ＬａｗLaw
ｏｆ of
ｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅ
dominance ｌａｗlaw
ｏｆ ofｓｅｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎ
segregationｌａｗ
law ｏｆ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ
of independent
ａｓｓｏｒｔｍｅｎｔ
assortment ｂａｃｋｃｒｏｓｓ
backcross withｗｉｔｈ respect
ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔtoｔｏmonohybrid
ｍｏｎｏｈｙｂｒｉｄ and ａｎｄ dihybrid
ｄｉｈｙｂｒｉｄpolygene
ｐｏｌｙｇｅｎｅincomplete
ｉｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅdominance
ｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅ
Ｃｏ dominance
Co ｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅ ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ
multipleａｌｌｅｌｅ．
allele.
２．
2. Ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍａｌ ｂａｓｉｓ
Chromosomal basisｏｆ of ｉｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅ
inheritance
・Ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍａｌ ｔｈｅｏｒｙ theory
Chromosomal ｉｎ ｂｒｉｅｆ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
in brief, ｏｆ ofｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅ，
structure chromosome, ｔｙｐｅｓ
typesｏｆofｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅ，
chromosome, ＨＧＰHGP ｉｎ inｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
● ｓｅｘ ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ→ ＩｎIn ｉｎｓｅｃｔｆｒｕｉｔ
sex determination insectfruit flyｆｌｙhuman
ｈｕｍａｎ being
ｂｅｉｎｇ and
ａｎｄ honey
ｈｏｎｅｙ bee.
ｂｅｅ．
 Ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ
Genetic ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ→Ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ
disorderDisorder due ｄｕｅ ｔｏ ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍａｌ ａｂｎｏｒｍａｌｉｔｉｅｓ，
to chromosomal abnormalities, ｍｏｎｏｇｅｎｉｃ
monogenicｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ，
disorder,
ｐｏｌｙｇｅｎｉｃ
polygenic ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ， ｍｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｌ ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ．
disorder, mitochondrial disorder.
・Ｐｅｄｉｇｒｅｅ．
 Pedigree.
３．
3. Ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒ
Molecularｂａｓｉｓ
basis ｏｆ ｉｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅ
of inheritance
・Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｏｆ of
Structure ｎｕｃｌｅｏｔｉｄｅ．
nucleotide.
 Ｎａｔｕｒｅ
Natureａｎｄandｂｏｎｄｓ
bondsｉｎin ｐｏｌｙｎｕｃｌｅｏｔｉｄｅ．
polynucleotide.
● Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
Structure of ｏｆ DNA.
ＤＮＡ．
● Ｒｅｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Replication of ｏｆ DNA.
ＤＮＡ．
● ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ ｄｏｇｍａ ｏｆofｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ
central dogma proteinｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ．
synthesis.
● Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ
Structure ｏｆ ＲＮＡ ａｎｄ
of RNA andｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ．
transcription.

）
Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
Translation ｉｎinｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
 ＨＧＰ ｉｎ ｂｒｉｅｆ．
HGP in brief.
４．
4. Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ
Introduction to ｔｏ biotechnology
ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ
 ＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙＣｏｎｃｅｐｔ
BiotechnologyConcept yeah ｙｅａｈ
 ｍａｉｎ
mainａｒｅａ
areaａｎｄandｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ
benefits ｉｎ ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．
in biotechnology.
 Ｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌ
Commercial ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
applicationｏｆofｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ
biotechnology ｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｆｉｅｌｄ
field ｏｆ ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ and
of agriculture ａｎｄ medicine.
ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ．
●
 Ｇｒｅｅｎ
Greenｗｈｉｔｅ
whiteａｎｄ andｂｌｕｅ
blueｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ．
revolution.
● ｔｉｓｓｕｅ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ technique
tissue culture ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ
 ｃｈａｎｇｅ
change ｉｎ ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅmanagement
in agriculture ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ ｄｕｅ due ｔｏ ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ
to biotechnology
 Ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Application ｏｆ of ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ
biotechnologyｉｎinｆｌｏｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ
floriculture ｎｕｒｓｅｒｙ
nurseryａｎｄandｆｏｒforｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ．
history.
 Ａｇｒｉ－ ｔｏｕｒｉｓｍ．
Agri- tourism.
(（１２）
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５．
5. Ｕｓｅｆｕｌ ａｎｄ harmful
Useful and ｈａｒｍｆｕｌ microbes
ｍｉｃｒｏｂｅｓ
・Ｕｓｅｆｕｌ
 ｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍ
Useful ｌｉｋｅ Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ
microorganism ｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍ
like Lactobacillus ｙｅａｓｔ
rhizobium yeastａｎｔｉｂｉｏｔｉｃ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇ
antibiotic producing
ｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍ．
microorganism.
 Ｈａｒｍｆｕｌ ｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍ
Harmful microorganism ｌｉｋｅ like
Ｃｌｏｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ
Clostridiumａｎｄandｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｍｉｃｒｏｂｅｓ．
microbes.
６．
6. Ｈｅａｌｔｈ
Health ａｎｄ
and ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ．
disease.
● Ｈｅａｌｔｈ ｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ．．
Health immunity..
・Ｔｙｐｅｓ
 ｏｆ of
Types ｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ．
immunity.
● Ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ
Diseaseａｎｄandｉｔｓ its ｃａｕｓｅｓ．．
causes..
● Ａｃｕｔｅ
Acuteａｎｄandｃｈｒｏｎｉｃ
chronic ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ．
diseases.
● Ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓ
Infectious and non infectiousｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ．．
ａｎｄ ｎｏｎ ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓ diseases..
●
 Ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ
Diseaseｃａｕｓｉｎｇ
causingａｇｅｎｔｓ…
agents..
●
 Ｍｅａｎｓ
Meansｏｆofｓｐｒｅａｄｉｎｇ
spreadingｏｆof ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ．
disease.
 Ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ
Treatment ａｎｄ ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ
and prevention
（Ｔ．Ｂ， ｔｙｐｈｏｉｄ ｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ，
(T.B, typhoid ｒａｂｉｅｓ， polio.
hepatitis, rabies, ｐｏｌｉｏ． AIDS,
ＡＩＤＳ， diarrhoea.)
ｄｉａｒｒｈｏｅａ．）
７．
7. Ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｈｅａｌｔｈ．
Social health.
 Ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ
Factors ａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇ
affecting on ｏｎ ｔｈｅ
the ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｈｅａｌｔｈ．
social health.
 Ｍｅｎｔａｌ
Mentalｓｔｒｅｓｓ．
stress.
 Ａｄｄｉｃｔｉｏｎ．．
Addiction..
 Ｉｎｃｕｒａｂｌｅ
Incurable ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ．
diseases.
 Ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ
Governmentｓｃｈｅｍｅ scheme ｆｏｒforｖａｃｃｉｎｅ
vaccineａｎｄ
andｖａｃｃｉｎａｔｉｏｎ．
vaccination.
８．
8. Ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ
Evolution
Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｔｈｅｏｒｙ of ｏｆ evolution
ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ

。
 Different theory
 Ｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｓ
Evidencesｏｆｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ．
of evolution. Ｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ
Morphologicalａｎａｔｏｍｉｃａｌ
anatomicalｐａｌｅｏｎｔｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ
paleontologicalｅｍｂｒｙｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｖｅｓｔｉｇｉａｌ
embryological vestigial ｏｒｇａｎ
organ
 Ｈｏｍｏｌｏｇｏｕｓ ａｎｄ ａｎａｌｏｇｏｕｓ
Homologous and analogous organ. ｏｒｇａｎ．
● Ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｎｇ
Connectingｌｉｎｋ． link.
 Ｄａｒｗｉｎ＇ｓ
Darwin’sｔｈｅｏｒｙ
theoryｏｆofｎａｔｕｒａｌ
natural ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ．
selection.
 Ｌａｍａｒｃｋｉｓｍ．
Lamarckism.
● Ｓｐｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎ．
Speciation.
● Ｈｕｍａｎ
Human ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ
evolution ｉｎinｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
 ● Ｔｒａｃｉｎｇ
Tracing ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙ
evolutionaryｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ．
relationship.
 Ｆｏｓｓｉｌｓ．
Fossils.
９．
9. Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ
Energy ｆｌｏｗ
flow ｉｎ ａｎ ecosystem.
in an ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ．
 Ｆｏｏｄ
Food ｃｈａｉｎ
chain andａｎｄ food
ｆｏｏｄ web.
ｗｅｂ．
 Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ
Energy ｐｙｒａｍｉｄ．
pyramid.
● Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ
Energyｆｌｏｗ．
flow. ＡｎｄAndｉｔ＇ｓ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ．
it’s important.
● Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｒｓ， Ｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｒｓ． And
Producers, Consumers. Ａｎｄ decomposers.
ｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｒｓ．
● Ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｉｏｎ
Successionｉｎinｂｒｉｅｆ．
brief.
 Ｂｉｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ
Biogeochemicalｃｙｃｌｅｓ． Ｃａｒｂｏｎ， oxygen
cycles. Carbon, ｏｘｙｇｅｎ ａｎｄ
and ｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎ．
nitrogen.

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 Ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ
Mathematics
１．
1. Ｎｕｍｂｅｒ
Number Ｔｈｅｏｒｙ：Ｒｅａｌ Ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ，
Theory : Real Ｐｒｉｍｅ
Numbers, ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ，
Prime ｃｏ－ｐｒｉｍｅ，
numbers, ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ
co-prime, relatively ｐｒｉｍｅ
prime ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ，
numbers,
Ｈ．Ｃ．Ｆ．ａｎｄ
H. C. F. and Ｌ．Ｃ． Ｍ
L. C. M
２．
2. Ｌｉｎｅａｒ
Linear Ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｏｎｅ ｖａｒｉａｂｌｅ
Equations : One variableｌｉｎｅａｒ
linearｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ，
equation, Ｔｗｏ
Twoｖａｒｉａｂｌｅ
variable ｌｉｎｅａｒ ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ and
linear equation ａｎｄ
ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌ
geometricalｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎ．
interpretation.
３．Ｐｏｌｙｎｏｍｉａｌｓ：Ｚｅｒｏｓ
3. Polynomials : ａｎｄ ｒｏｏｔｓ
Zeros ｏｆ ｐｏｌｙｎｏｍｉａｌ，
and roots ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌ
of polynomial, ｍｅａｎｉｎｇ
geometrical ｏｆofｒｏｏｔｓ，
meaning Ｒｅｍａｉｎｄｅｒ
roots, Remainder
ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ，
theorem, Ｆａｃｔｏｒ
Factor ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ，
theorem, Ｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ
Division ｏｆ ｐｏｌｙｎｏｍｉａｌ， Ｆａｃｔｏｒｉｓａｔｉｏｎ
of polynomial, Factorisation
４．
4. Ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ ｆｏｒｍｕｌａｅ：Ａｌｇｅｂｒｉｃ
Expansion formulae : Algebricｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ
identities
（ｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ） 2 =＝ｘx2 +＋ｙy2+z
(x+y+z) ＋ｚ2+2xy+2yz+2zx
＋２ｘｙ＋２ｙｚ＋２ｚｘ （ｘ±ｙ）
(x ± y)3 =＝ｘx3 ±
±ｙy3 ±
±３ｘｙ（ｘ±ｙ）
3xy (x± y)

ｘx3 ±±ｙ
y3 =＝（ｘ±ｙ）（ｘ
(x± y)(x2 ＋ｘｙ＋ｙ
xy + y2）) ｘx3 +＋ｙy3 +＋ｚz3 –－３ｘｙｚ＝（ｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ）（ｘ ＋ｙ2 +y
3xyz = (x + y+ z) (x ＋ｚ
2
+z2－ｘｙ－ｙｚ－ｚｘ）
–xy–yz–zx)

５．
5. Ｑｕａｄｒａｔｉｃ Ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ：
Quadratic Equations Ｎａｔｕｒｅ ｏｆ of
: Nature Ｒｏｏｔｓ， Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ
Roots, SolutionｏｆofＥｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ，
Equations,Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ
Solutionｂｙbyｆａｃｔｏｒｉｓａｔｉｏｎ， Ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ
factorisation, Relation
ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｒｏｏｔｓ
between roots＆ &ｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｓ
coefficientsｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ
the ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ，
equation, Ｃｕｂｉｃ
Cubicｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ
equationsａｎｄ
andｉｔｓ
its ｒｏｏｔｓ．
roots.

６．
6. Ｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ
Rationalization ａｎｄ
andＳｉｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Simplificationｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｔｙｐｅ
type

ａｍｄ，√Ｆ＋Ｖａｘ－ｂ，√Ｆ－Ｖａｘ－ｂ
７．
7. Ｅｘｐｏｎｅｎｔｓ
Exponents＆&Ｐｏｗｅｒｓ：Ｓｑｕａｒｅ ＆ Ｓｑｕａｒｅ
Powers : Square ｒｏｏｔ，
& Square Ｃｕｂｅ
root, ＆ ｃｕｂｅ
Cube ｒｏｏｔｓ，
& cube roots,Ｉｎｄｉｃｅｓ
Indices ＆& Ｓｕｒｄｓ
Surds
m
× am = am+n, am ÷ an＝=ａ＂－ｎ，（ａ＂）＝
aａ×ａ＂＝ａｍ＋ｎ，ａ＂÷ａ am–n, (am)n =ａｍｅｔｃ．
amn etc.
８．
8. Ｒａｔｉｏ
Ratio ＆& Ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ：
Proportion :Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ
Propertiesｏｆofｒａｔｉｏ， Ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙ．Componendo,
ratio, Proportionality. Ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｄｏ， ｄｉｖｉｄｅｎｄｏ，
dividendo,
ａｌｔｅｒｎｅｎｄｏ，
alternendo, ｉｎｖｅｒｔｅｎｄｏ，
invertendo, ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ
properties ａｎｄ
and ｔｈｅｉｒ ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ．
their combination.
９．
9. Ａｒｉｔｈｍｅｔｉｃ
Arithmetic ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ：Ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ，
progression : Progression,ｎｔｅｒｍ ｏｆ ofＡ．Ｐ．，
nth term A.P. ,Ｓｕｍ
Sumｏｆｎ＂
of nthｔｅｒｍ
termｏｆ
of ａｎ Ａ．Ｐ， Geometric
an A.P., Ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃ
ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ （Ｇ．Ｐ）ｎｔｅｒｍｏｆ
progression (G.P.) Ｇ．ＰG.P.
nth term of ＆ &ｓｕｍsum
ｏｆ of
ｎ nｔｅｒｍｏｆＧ．Ｐ，
th
Ｈａｒｍｏｎｉｃ
term of G.P., ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ
Harmonic ＆ ｉｔｓ
progression ｎ＇ｈnthｔｅｒｍ．
& its term.
１０．
10. Ｐｌａｎｅ
Plane Ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙ：Ｌｉｎｅｓ ａｎｄand
Geometry : Lines Ａｎｇｌｅｓ， Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎｓ，
Angles, Ｔｒｉａｎｇｌｅｓ，
Polygons, Triangles,ｃｏｎｇｒｕｅｎｃｙ
congruencyｏｆ ofｔｒａｎｇｌｅｓ
trangles（ＳＳＳ，
(SSS,
ＳＡＳ，
SAS, ＡＡＳ
AASａｎｄ
andＲＨＳ）， ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｉｔｙ
RHS), similarityｏｆofｔｒａｎｇｌｅｓ
trangles （ＳＳＳ， ＳＡＳ， AA).
(SSS, SAS, ＡＡ）． Mid-point
Ｍｉｄ－ｐｏｉｎｔ ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ
theoremａｎｄ
andｉｔｓ
its
ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓｅ， ｅｑｕａｌ intercept
converse, equal ｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｐｔtheroem,
ｔｈｅｒｏｅｍ， Pythagoras
Ｐｙｔｈａｇｏｒａｓ theorem.
ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ． Apollonius
Ａｐｏｌｌｏｎｉｕｓ ｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ．
theorem.
－ Ｑｕａｄｒｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｓ
Quadrilaterals－ -Ｉｔｓ
Its ｔｙｐｅｓ，
types, ｃｙｃｌｉｃ ｑｕａｄｒｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｓ ａｎｄ
cyclic quadrilaterals andｉｔｓ
its ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ，
properties,
－Ｐａｒａｌｌｅｌ
 Parallelｌｉｎｅｓ－
lines - Ｐｅｒｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌａｒ
Perpendicularｌｉｎｅｓ，
lines,Ｉｎｔｅｒｓｅｃｔ－ｉｎｇ
Intersect-ingｌｉｎｅｓ
lines ＆& ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ．
properties.
－Ｃｉｒｃｌｅｓ－
 Circles Ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆofｃｉｒｃｌｅ
- Definition circleｉｎ
in ｔｅｒｍｓ
termsｏｆofｌｏｃｕｓ．
locus. Ｉｔｓ ａｎｇｌｅ／ａｒｃ properties,
Its angle/arc ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ， chord
ｃｈｏｒｄ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ，
properties,
ｃｙｃｌｉｃ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ， tangent,
cyclic properties, ｔａｎｇｅｎｔ， normal
ｎｏｒｍａｌ ＆&ｓｅｃａｎｔ
secantｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ．
properties.
１１．
11. Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｍｅｔｒｙ：Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｍｅｔｒｉｃ
Trigonometry ｒａｔｉｏｓ，
: Trigonometric Ｖａｌｕｅｓ
ratios, ｏｆofｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｍｅｔｒｉｃ
Values trigonometricｒａｔｉｏ， Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｍｅｔｒｉｃｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ，
ratio, Trigonometric identities,
Ｃｏｍｐｌｉｍｅｎｔａｒｙ
Complimentaryａｎｄ Ｓｕｐｐｌｉｍｅｎｔｒｙ
and ａｎｇｌｅｓ，
Supplimentry angles,Ｈｅｉｇｈｔｓ
Heights＆ &Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅｓ．
Distances.
１２．
12. Ｍｅｎｓｕｒａｔｉｏｎ：Ａｒｅａ＆
Mensuration : Areaｐｅｒｉｍｅｔｅｒ
& perimeter ｏｆ ｔｒｉａｎｇｌｅ （Ｈｅｒｏｎ＇ｓ
of triangle (Heron’sｆｏｒｍｕｌａ），
formula),ａｒｅａ
area ａｎｄ
and ｃｉｒｃｕｍｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ
circumference ｏｆ
of
ｃｉｒｃｌｅ， area
circle, ａｒｅａ ｏｆ ｓｅｃｔｏｒ ｏｆof ｃｉｒｃｌｅ．
of sector circle.
Ａｒｅａ（Ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ
Area (Surfaceａｒｅａ
area＆&ｔｏｔａｌ ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ and
total surface ａｎｄ curved
ｃｕｒｖｅｄ ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ ａｒｅａ） Volume
surface area) Ｖｏｌｕｍｅ ｏｆ
of ３Ｄ
3Dｓｏｌｉｄｓ ａｎｄ ｆｉｇｕｒｅｓ
solids and figures
－- Cube,
Ｃｕｂｅ， Ｃｕｂｏｉｄｓ，
Cuboids,ｒｉｇｈｔ
rightｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒ
circular Ｃｙｌｉｎｄｅｒ，
Cylinder, ｒｉｇｈｔ ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒ Cone,
right circular Ｃｏｎｅ， Sphere.
Ｓｐｈｅｒｅ．
１３．Ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅ
13. Ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙ：Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ
Coordinate Ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ，
Geometry : Distance ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎSection
Formula, ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ， Ａｒｅａ Area
formula, ｏｆ ｔｒｉａｎｇｌｅ ＆ ｃｏｌｌｉｎｅａｒｉｔｙ，
of triangle & collinearity,

（１５）
( 15 )
 －Ｓｌｏｐｅ／Ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔ／ｔａｎθ
- Slope/Gradient/tanｏｆofｌｉｎｅ， ｗｈｅｒｅ θ is
line, where ｉｓ angle
ａｎｇｌｅ made
ｍａｄｅ ｂｙbyｌｉｎｅ
lineｗｉｔｈ
withｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ
positiveｘ－ａｘｉｓ．
x-axis.
－- Equation
Ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ of
ｏｆ line.
ｌｉｎｅ．Slope
Ｓｌｏｐｅ－Ｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｐｔ ｆｏｒｍyｙ＝ｍｘ＋
- Intercept form = mx +ｃ．c.Ｔｗｏ
Twoｐｏｉｎｔ
pointｆｏｒｍ
form（ｙ－ｙ
(y–y1）＝ｍ（ｘ－ｘ
) = m (x–x）．
1
).
－Ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃ
- Geometricｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ
understandingｏｆ ofｘ－ｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｐｔ
x-intercept＆&ｙ－ｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｐｔ
y-interceptａｎｄ
andｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔｓ．
gradients.
－- Conditions
Ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ ｆｏｒ
for ｔｗｏ
twoｌｉｎｅｓ
lines ｔｏ
to ｂｅ
be ｐａｒａｌｌｅｌ ｏｒ perpendicular.
parallel or ｐｅｒｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌａｒ．
１４．
14. Ｐｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｔｙ：Ｒａｎｄｏｍ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ，
Probability : Random ｓａｍｐｌｅ
experiments, ｓｐａｃｅ，
sample ｅｖｅｎｔｓ，
space, Ｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌ
events, ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ
Classical ｏｆofｐｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｔｙ，
definition probability,
Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ
Problemsｏｎonｄｉｃｅ，
dice,ｃｏｉｎ
coin ａｎｄ
andｐｌａｙｉｎｇ
playingｃａｒｄ
cardｅｔｃ．
etc.
１５．
15. Ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ：Ｔｙｐｅｓ
Statistics : Types ｏｆ ｄａｔａ set
of data ｓｅｔ， ｒａｎｄｏｍ， grouped
, random, ｇｒｏｕｐｅｄ and
ａｎｄ ungrouped
ｕｎｇｒｏｕｐｅｄ ｄａｔａ．
data.
-－ Measure
Ｍｅａｓｕｒｅ ｏｆ ｃｅｎｔｒａｌtendency,
of central ｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ，Mean,
Ｍｅａｎ，Mode,
Ｍｏｄｅ， Median,
Ｍｅｄｉａｎ， Emperical
Ｅｍｐｅｒｉｃａｌ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ mean,
relation between ｍｅａｎ，
ｍｅｄｉａｎ， ｍｏｄｅ
median, mode
１６．
16. Ｄｉｓｃｏｕｎｔ
Discount＆&ｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ：Ｐｒｏｆｉｔ ＆ ｌｏｓｓ，
commission : Profit & loss,Ｓｉｍｐｌｅ
Simpleｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ， Ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ，
interest, Compound interest, Ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ
Percentage
ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ．
calculation.
１７．１Ｌｏｇａｒｉｔｈｍｉｃ
17. Logarithmic ａｎｄ
andｅｘｐｏｎｅｎｔｉａｌ
exponential ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ：Ｄｅｆｉｎａｔｉｏｎ，
function : Defination, ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｌｏｇａｒｉｔｈｍ
relation between ａｎｄ
logarithm and
ｅｘｐｏｎｅｎｔｉａｌ
exponentialｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ．
function. Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ
Properties ｏｆ ｌｏｇａｒｉｔｈｍ．
of logarithm.
１８．
18. Ｂａｓｉｃ
Basic ｃｕｒｖｅｓ
curves－- ｏｆ ｐｏｌｙｎｏｍｉａｌｓ －- ｌｉｎｅａｒ，
of polynomials ｑｕａｄｒａｔｉｃ expression,
linear, quadratic ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ， logarithmic
ｌｏｇａｒｉｔｈｍｉｃ and
ａｎｄ exponetial
ｅｘｐｏｎｅｔｉａｌ
ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ．
function.

ＢＡＳＩＣ ＭＡＴＨＥＭＡＴＩＣＳ AND

BASIC MATHEMATICS ＡＮＤ QUANTITATIVE
ＱＵＡＮＴＩＴＡＴＩＶＥ APTITUDE
ＡＰＴＩＴＵＤＥ AND
ＡＮＤ REASONING
ＲＥＡＳＯＮＩＮＧ
１．
1. Ｎｕｍｂｅｒ
Numberｓｙｓｔｅｍ，
system,ＨＣＦ
HCFａｎｄ
andＬＣＭ，
LCM,Ｓｑｕａｒｅ ａｎｄandＳｑｕａｒｅ
Square ｒｏｏｔ，
Square root,Ｃｕｂｅ
Cubeａｎｄ
andＣｕｂｅ
Cubeｒｏｏｔ，
root,Ａｖｅｒａｇｅ，
Average,Ｒａｔｉｏｓ ａｎｄ
Ratios and
Ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ， Partnership.
Proportion, Ｐａｒｔｎｅｒｓｈｉｐ．
２．
2. Ａｌｇｅｂｒｉｃ
AlgebricＩｄｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ：Ｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ of
Identities : Expansion （Ａ＋Ｂ）？，（Ａ－Ｂ）
(A+B)2, (A-B)，（Ａ＋Ｂ）
2
, (A+B)，（Ａ－Ｂ）
3
, (A-B)3，Ａ －Ｂ 3, ，Ａ
, A3-B A3+B＋Ｂ3 &＆（Ａ＋Ｂ＋Ｃ）
( A+B+C)2
３．
3. Ｄｉｓｃｏｕｎｔ
Discount ａｎｄ
and ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ：Ｐｒｏｆｉｔ
percentage : Profit ＆& Ｌｏｓｓ（
Loss ( Ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ
Percentage ｂａｓｅｄ
based ）)
４．
4. Ｌｏｇａｒｉｔｈｍｓ：Ｄｅｆｉｎａｔｉｏｎ，
Logarithms : Defination,Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ
Propertiesｏｆ
of ｌｏｇａｒｉｔｈｍｓ．
logarithms.
５．
5. Ｔｉｍｅ＆
Time &Ｗｏｒｋ， Ｔｉｍｅ，
Work, Time,Ｓｐｅｅｄ ａｎｄand
Speed Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ，
Distance,Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ
Problemsｏｎonｔｒａｉｎｓ，
trains, Ｂｏａｔｓ ａｎｄ Streams.
Boats and Ｓｔｒｅａｍｓ．
６．
6. Ａｒｉｔｈｍｅｔｉｃ
Arithmetic Ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ
Progression ａｎｄ
and ｇｅｏｍａｔｒｉｃ
geomatric ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．
progression.
７．
7. Ｍｅｎｓｕｒａｔｉｏｎ
MensurationＳｕｒｆａｃｅ
Surface ａｒｅａｓ ＆ volumes.
areas & ｖｏｌｕｍｅｓ．
８．
8. Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｍｅｔｒｉｃ
Trigonometricｒａｔｉｏｓ
ratiosｏｆofｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ
standardａｎｇｌｅｓ，
angles,ｉｔｓ
its ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
application.
９．
9. Ｐｌａｎｅ
Plane ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙ：（Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ ｏｆ ｌｉｎｅ
geometry : ( Concept ＆ ａｎｇｌｅ，
of line ｔｒｉａｎｇｌｅ，
& angle, triangle,ｑｕａｄｒｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｓ
quadrilateralsａｎｄ
andｃｉｒｃｌｅ
circle ）)
１０．
10. Ｃｏ－ｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅ
Co-ordinate ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙ：Ｇｒａｐｈ
geometry : Graphｏｆ ｌｉｎｅ（
of lineｃｏ－ｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅ
( co-ordinateｓｙｓｔｅｍ），
system)Ｃｏｌｌｉｎｅａｒ
, Collinearｐｏｉｎｔｓ．
points.
１１．
11. Ｐｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｔｙ， Ｐｅｒｍｕｔａｔｉｏｎ and
Probability, Permutation ａｎｄ combination.
ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ．
１２．！
12. Ｓ．Ｉ．Ｕｎｉｔｓ
S.I.Units &＆ symbols.
ｓｙｍｂｏｌｓ．
１３．
13. ＢａｓｉｃBasic
ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ ｏｆ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ：Ｖｅｃｔｏｒ
knowledge ｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ，
of vector : Vector Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
quantities, ｏｆ of
Direction ｖｅｃｔｏｒ，
vector,ｔｙｐｅ
typeｏｆofｖｅｃｔｏｒ．
vector.
ＲＥＡＳＯＮＩＮＧ
REASONING
１．
1. Ｓｙｌｌｏｇｉｓｍ ｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．
Syllogism reasoning.
２．Ｄａｔａ
2. ｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ－Ｂｌｏｏｄ
Data sufficiency - ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ， ＯｒｄｅｒOrder
Blood relation, ａｎｄ Ｒａｎｋｉｎｇ， Ｃｌｏｃｋ，
and Ranking, Ｃａｌｅｎｄｅｒ，
Clock, Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Calender, ｓｅｎｃｅ
Direction ｔｅｓｔ，
sence test,Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ，
Distance,
Ｃｏｄｉｎｇ Decoding,
Coding Ｄｅｃｏｄｉｎｇ， Seating
Ｓｅａｔｉｎｇ arrangement.
ａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔ．
３．Ｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ
3. ｆｉｇｕｒｅ，
Counting figure,Ｃｕｂｅ
Cubeａｎｄ
andＤｉｃｅ．
Dice.
４．＇
4. Ｖｅｎｎ
Vennｄｉａｇｒａｍ
diagramｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．
reasoning.

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