MINIMUM LEVEL OF LEARNING

Class – XII (BIOLOGY)

S.NO UNIT AND CHAPTER AND IMP DIAGRAMS TOPICS
MARKS
1 Unit VI - Chapter 2 - Sexual Reproduction in
• Structure of anther and development of
Reproduction flowering plants pollen grain
• Microsporogenesis & Megasporogenesis
FIG: 2.3
(16) • 7 celled 8 nucleate structure of embryo sac
2.5
• Polination,types of pollination,agents of
2.7
pollination
2.8
• Outbreeding devices
2.13
• Pollen-pistil interaction , emasculation ,
2.14
bagging
• Double fertilization
• Parthenogenesis, parthenocarpy,
apomixis, polyembryony

Chapter 3 - Human Reproduction

• Male and female reproductive system with
FIG: 3.1B diagram and function of various structures
3.2 • Gametogenesis - Spermatogenesis &
3.3B Oogenesis
3.5 • Menstrual cycle with its various events
3.6 • Fertilization and implantation
3.7 • Pregnancy and embryonic development
3.8 • Parturition and lactation
3.9
3.10
3.11

• Amniocentesis
Chapter 4 - Reproductive Health
• Various Birth control methods
• STDs and Infertility corrective techniques

2 Unit VII - Chapter 5 - Principle of Inheritance • Mendel's Law

& Variation Law of dominance
Genetics & FIG: 5.5 Law of segregation & independent
Evolution 5.6 assortment
5.7 • Monohybrid & Dihybrid Cross
(20) • Testcross & Backcross
• Disorders - Colour Blindness, Haemophilia,
Phenylketonuria, Thalassemia, Down
Syndrome, Turner Syndrome & Klinefelter

Chapter 7 – Evolution
• Hardy – Weinberg Principle
FIG: 7.8
• Human Evolution
3 Unit VIII - Chapter 8 - Human Health and
• Common diseases in humans with
Biology In Disease symptoms
• Life cycle of malaria
Human FIG: 8.1
• Immunity and its types with examples
Welfare 8.4
• Allergy
8.6
• Autoimmune Disease
(12) • Lymphoid organs
• AIDS , Cancer
• Drugs and alcohol abuse

Chapter 10 - Microbes In Human

• LAB , other microbes in household
Welfare products
• Fermented beverages , antibiotics
FIG: 10.8
• Chemical, enzymes and other bioactive
molecules
• Sewage treatment plant
• Biogas plant
• Microbes as bio control agents and bio
fertilizers
(Special emphasis on examples)

4 Unit IX – Chapter 11 – Biotechnology

• Process of Recombinant DNA Technology
Biotechnology Principles & Processes • Electrophroesis
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
FIG: 11.2
(10) • Palindromic DNA Sequences
11.4
11.6
11.7

Chapter 12 – Biotechnology & Its

• Uses of Biotechnology in Human insulin
Applications and vaccine development
• BT Cotton
FIG: 12.3

5 Unit X – Chapter 13 - Organisms And

• Age pyramids for human population -
Ecology Population Expanding, stable, Declining
• Population growth - Natality, mortality,
FIG: 13.1 immigration, emigration
(10) 13.3
• Exponential and Logistic growth model
13.4
with growth equation
• Population interactions with examples -
Mutualism, competition, predation,
parasitism, commensalism, ammensalism
 Chapter 14 – Ecosystem
• Gross primary productivity and net
FIG: 14.4 A,B,C,D primary productivity
14.5 • Steps of decomposition
14.6( ONLY THE LABELS AND DIRECTIONS)
• Energy flow in GFC and DFC and 10% law
14.7 of energy flow
• Food web , food chain , Trophic levels
• Ecological pyramids
• Succession

Chapter 15 - Biodiversity And

• Genetic,species and ecological diversity
Conservation • Species-Area relationship
• Rivet popper hypothesis
FIG: 15.1
• Causes of biodiversity losses
15.2
• Why should we conserve biodiversity
• How to conserve biodiversity - In situ and
Ex situ conservation

Note :- 1.) IF THE CHILD IS UNABLE TO EXPRESS IN WORDS, HELP OF FLOW CHARTS AND DIAGRAMS CAN BE TAKEN.
2.) DEFINITIONS WITH SUITABLE EXAMPLES TO BE PREPARED WHEREVER NEEDED.